1、Designation: E2083 05 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Classification forBuilding Construction Field Requirements, and OfficeOverhead the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers a classification for fieldrequirements, office overhead, and profit for use in constructionestimating. This classification is common to all f
3、orms ofconstruction, and its components are an integral part of anyconstruction cost estimate. The classification serves as aconsistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoringduring the feasibility, planning, design, and constructionphases of building. Used in conjunction with UNIFORMAT I
4、Iand other elemental classifications, including Classifica-tion E2168, it also ensures consistency in the economic evalu-ation of construction work across time and from project toproject. Through consistency in estimating and cost recordingit enhances reporting at all stages in constructionfromfeasi
5、bility and planning through the preparation of workingdocuments, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, anddisposaland is a necessary part of the reporting processdescribed in Practice E1804.1.2 This classification applies to all construction work.1.3 This classification is not based on permanen
6、t physicalelements of construction (as defined and classified in Classifi-cation E1557). Rather, the classification items are major,non-permanent, cost components common to all constructionwork. They perform the same function and provide for similarneeds regardless of the design, specification, cons
7、tructionmethod, or materials used in the physical construction.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting Cost AnalysisDuring the Design Phase o
8、f a ProjectE2168 Classification for Allowance, Contingency, and Re-serve Sums in Building Construction Estimating3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisclassification, refer to Terminology E833.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification defines an integral part of any
9、con-struction estimate and cost record. It classifies the non-permanent portion of construction activity that is essential toallow physical implementation of the required work to takeplace.4.2 Used in conjunction with UNIFORMAT II, this classi-fication provides for consistent and complete estimating
10、 ofbuilding construction work, especially during the design phase.The same considerations of consistent use and commonality toall work have been applied here.4.3 This classification is sufficiently generic to allow its usein estimating all forms of construction work and through allstages of planning
11、, design, use, and disposal. Additionally, it isappropriate for use in both elemental estimates and tradeestimates.5. Basis of Classification5.1 All parts of the built environment are included.5.2 Criteria for the ClassificationThe selectedclassification, the items to include within it, and within w
12、hichparts of the classification to include them are based on thefollowing criteria:5.2.1 Applies to any construction type and shall not includephysical elements of construction such as those defined inClassification E1557 and other elemental classifications.5.2.2 Includes only items of a constructio
13、n enabling,management, supervision, jurisdictional, financial, legal,liability, and client requirement nature necessary to the perfor-mance of the construction work.5.2.3 Includes specifically those items of cost that bycommon understanding and usage are normally borne by a1This classification is un
14、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81on Building Economics.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2083 05(2010).DOI: 10.15
15、20/E2083-05R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1general contractor or construction manager, and any otheritems required by terms of contract and normally specifiedwithin the general requirements and general conditions ofcontract.5.2.4 Includes items with significant influence on
17、cost and ahigh frequency of occurrence. Categories are defined in orderto provide a framework for cost control. The decision as towhere among the classification elements to include specificitems will ultimately rely on professional judgment as to whereprofessionals in current practice normally look
18、for such items.6. Description of Field Requirements IndividualClassification6.1 Classification of Field RequirementsTable 1 presentsthe classification of field requirements. Comprising threehierarchical levels: Major Group Classification for Level 1,Group Classification for Level 2, and Individual C
19、lassificationsfor Level 3.6.2 The following lists show what items are included in therecommended classification at Level 3. Note that the listings ofinclusions are not intended to be an exhaustive listing. Rather,they provide a general outline of what to expect in thisindividual element consistent w
20、ith the selection criteria out-lined in 5.2.6.3 Field Requirements (X 10):6.3.1 Bonds, Permits, Fees, and Insurances (X 1005):Includes:6.3.1.1 Building permit.6.3.1.2 Fire district permit.6.3.1.3 Miscellaneous permits: street use, curb cuts, side-walk use, parking meter use.6.3.1.4 Utility connectio
21、ns: water, storm sewer, sanitarysewer, electric, gas, fire protection, others.6.3.1.5 Bonds: bid bond, performance bond, payment bond,lien bond, maintenance bond, retainage bond, special bonds.6.3.1.6 Insurance: public liability, builders risk, all-risk,hold harmless.Excludes:6.3.1.7 Permanent work
22、included elsewhere within thephysical elements of construction.6.3.2 Field/Site Set-Up and Accommodation (X 1010):Includes:6.3.2.1 Access to site: temporary roads, storage, lay downand parking areas, traffic control.6.3.2.2 Site setup: move in and out, mobilization, set-up,construction signs.6.3.2.3
23、 Site accommodations:(1) Temporary buildings: offices, storage sheds, first aid,lunch room;(2) Temporary labor camp: dormitories, kitchens, laundry,store, entertainment, temporary toilets and sanitary facilities,lighting, power, heating, ventilation and cooling;(3) Telephone, facsimile, and data: se
24、rvice and monthlycharges;(4) Communication system: service and monthly charges;(5) Computer and copy equipment: purchase, rental, usage,and maintenance;(6) Stationery, copy/printing cost; and(7) Office and first aid supplies.Excludes:6.3.2.4 Protection, barricades, enclosures (see 6.3.5, Safetyand P
25、rotection (X 1025).6.3.3 Management, Supervision, and Field Engineering(X 1015):Includes:6.3.3.1 Project manager.TABLE 1 Classification of Field Requirements, and Office Overhead (2) Erosion control: fences, barriers, straw bales;(3) Separation: dust partitions, air barriers;(4) Barricades: building
26、, site, street, walks;(5) Enclosure: protected public walks;(6) Fences: temporary fences and gates; and(7) Fire protection: extinguishers, fire hose cabinets.6.3.6 Construction Aids, Equipment, and Tools (X 1030):Includes:6.3.6.1 Vehicles: pick up truck, van/wagon, others.6.3.6.2 Cranes: including f
27、oundation, assembly, and erec-tion; electrical energy and service; tower extensions; boommoves; disassembly; demobilization; repairs and maintenance;and operator.6.3.6.3 Hoists, material: including foundation, assembly,and erection; energy/fuel and service; hoist extensions; disas-sembly; demobiliza
28、tion; repairs and maintenance; and opera-tor.6.3.6.4 Hoists, personnel: including foundation, assembly,and erection; energy/fuel and service; hoist extensions; disas-sembly; demobilization; repairs and maintenance; and opera-tor.6.3.6.5 Scaffolding, platforms, swing staging.6.3.6.6 Tools and equipme
29、nt: including compressors/generators, pumps, saws, drills/hammers, miscellaneous tools,and equipment.6.3.6.7 Miscellaneous rough hardware: including bolts,screens, nails, fasteners.6.3.7 Temporary Construction (X 1035):Includes:6.3.7.1 Temporary construction: bridges, coffer dams,overpasses, runarou
30、nds, decking, traffic diversions.6.3.7.2 Temporary utilities:(1) Water: service, distribution and usage charges;(2) Ice and drinking water: unit rental and service;(3) Sanitary sewers: temporary connections and lines;(4) Storm sewers: temporary connections and lines;(5) Dewatering: site/excavation;(
31、6) Electric (power and lighting): service and distribution,energy cost and maintenance; and(7) Heating, ventilation, and cooling:(a) Units: service, rental, maintenance, energy cost; and(b) Temporary use of permanent system: beneficial occu-pancy charge, energy cost, system restoration, filters, ins
32、pec-tion.Excludes:6.3.7.3 Temporary construction of a major nature normallydesigned or specified, or both, within the construction contractdocuments.6.3.8 Climatic and Environmental Requirements (X 1040):Includes:6.3.8.1 Extreme climatic conditions: winter heat, summercooling, premium for winter con
33、crete and winter work, snowand ice clearing, tarpaulins, insulation mats, enclosures.6.3.8.2 Temporary controls: noise, dust, water, pest, rodent,debris, pollution.6.3.9 Quality Control, Inspection, and Testing (X 1045):Includes:6.3.9.1 Personnel: quality control, inspection, and testing.6.3.9.2 Col
34、lection and laboratory testing: soil, steel,welding, concrete, piling, roofing, and other materials.6.3.9.3 Sample mock ups.6.3.10 Maintenance and Housecleaning (X 1050):Includes:6.3.10.1 Site clean up: continual and final.6.3.10.2 Rubbish chutes: installation, use, and removal.6.3.10.3 Debris: coll
35、ection and removal.6.3.10.4 Land fill charges.6.3.10.5 Building cleanup: continual and final, floor andglass.6.3.10.6 Protection: finished work and finished surfaces,material and equipment.6.3.11 Other Contractual Requirements (X 1090):Includes:6.3.11.1 General contract conditions: plans, drawings,s
36、pecifications, progress photography and reporting, shopdrawings, product data and samples, “as built” drawings andspecifications, signs, delay/contingency/risk analysis, wageupgrading, mobilize/demobilize, phasing/schedule analysis.6.3.11.2 Obligations and restrictions imposed by employer:(1) Access
37、, possession, and site use;(2) Limitations on working space;(3) Limitations on working hours;(4) Use and disposal of materials found on site;(5) Hoardings, fence screens, temporary roofs, temporaryname boards, and advertising rights;(6) The maintenance of existing live drainage, water, gas,and other
38、 mains or power services on or over the site,E2083 05 (2016)3(7) Undertaking and delivery of work in a specific order ofsections or phases, or both;(8) Maintenance of specific temperature and humidity lev-els;(9) Temporary accommodation and facilities for use byemployer: including heat, light furnit
39、ure, cleaning, and main-tenance;(10) Telephone, facsimile, and data service for use byemployer: installation, rental, service, and maintenance;(11) Ceremonies: ground breaking, opening; and(12) Other obligations or restrictions.Excludes:6.3.11.3 Base cost of such necessary work included else-where i
40、n 6.3, Field Requirements (X 10), or permanent physi-cal elements, or both.7. Description of Office Overhead (2) Insurances: liability insurance, errors and omissions (ifdesign/build), vehicle insurance, workers compensation (if notincluded in hourly rates);(3) Office staff (not assigned to a specif
41、ic project): owner,secretary, buyer, scheduler, estimator;(4) Utilities;(5) Transportation: purchase/lease company cars andtrucks, maintenance and repairs;(6) Marketing: production, printing, distribution,brochures, newsletters;(7) Office equipment/supplies: computers, printers,facsimile, office fur
42、niture, stationery;(8) Communications: telephone communication lines,telephones, pagers, radio communication systems, data com-munication lines and networks, LANS, WANS, Internet,intranet, extranet; and(9) Financing: bank loans and other funding arrangements.Excludes:7.3.1.3 Field staff, field accom
43、modations, and field costsspecifically dedicated to the construction work (see 6.3, FieldRequirements (X 10).7.3.2 Profit (X 2020):Includes:7.3.2.1 Any markup or profit included within a contractorsbid for undertaking the specified work.Excludes:7.3.2.2 Subcontractors mark-up, or profit normally inc
44、ludedwithin their price for the permanent physical elements ofconstruction.8. Keywords8.1 building economics; classification; construction ele-ment; construction estimating; construction field requirements;cost control; cost estimating; cost planning; elemental estimate;elemental format; general acc
45、ounts; general conditions; generalrequirements; overhead; profit; trade estimate; UNIFOR-MAT IIASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determina
46、tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or with
47、drawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you
48、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sing
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