1、Designation: E 2136 04An American National StandardStandard Guide forSpecifying and Evaluating Performance of Single FamilyAttached and Detached DwellingsDurability1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard guide is part of a set which together presents a
3、complete performance standard guidefor specifying and evaluating single family attached and detached dwellings. The complete set in theseries, when finished, is to include the attributes given in Fig. 1.The series provides a framework for specifying and evaluating qualities of building products ands
4、ystems to meet user needs without limiting ways and means. The format for this standard guideincludes performance statements that consist of four components, Objectives-Criteria-Evaluation-Commentary (O-C-E-C), which together provide a systematic performance based approach for theintended purpose. T
5、hese performance statements are presented in Section 8 against a Hierarchy ofBuilding Elements as tabulated in Fig. 2.The purpose of these standard guides is to provide a standardized methodology for describingperformance parameters of single-family attached or detached dwellings. This methodology s
6、tandard-izes the descriptions of performance of a single-family dwelling, attached or detached, that can beexpressed as performance statements (O-C-E-C) for a particular attribute, degradation factor, and userneed.These standard guides are intended for use by those who need to prescribe required lev
7、els ofperformance and those who need to rate a product which forms a single-family dwelling or partthereof. The standard guides include examples of performance statements that may be used for thespecification and evaluation of design, materials, products, components, subsystems, and systems.1. Scope
8、1.1 This guide gives examples of performance statementsfor durable in-place materials, products, components, sub-systems, and systems for single family attached and detacheddwellings, considering the effects of normal degradation fac-tors to which they are anticipated to be subjected over theirservi
9、ce lives. Table 1 provides a listing of the sections of thisGuide that address durability including the performance state-ments.1.2 Damage from extreme acts of nature, vandalism, orintentional destructive acts by dwelling inhabitants are notconsidered as normal degradation factors affecting durabili
10、ty inthis guide.NOTE 1Performance statements regarding the performance of singlefamily attached and detached dwellings under extreme acts of nature areaddressed in the Guide on Structural Safety and Serviceability.1.3 This document also addresses site planning in so far asit affects the durability o
11、f single family attached and detacheddwellings.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information.1.5 This guide is not intended to be used as a prescriptiveregulatory document.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 117 Practice f
12、or Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusC 1036 Specification for Flat GlassC 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass-Kind HS,Kind FT Coated, and Uncoated GlassC 1172 Specification for LaminatedArchitectural Flat GlassC 1349 Specification forArchitectural Flat Glass Clad Poly-carbonate1This gui
13、de is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on WholeBuildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Oct 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E
14、 2136 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
15、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt)Surfaced With Mineral GranulesD 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Colors and ColorDifferences of
16、 Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Re-sistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fitting by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D 2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsD 3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD 3462 Specification forA
17、sphalt Shingles Made from GlassFelt and Surfaced with Mineral GranulesD 3746 Test Method for Impact Resistance of BituminousRoofing SystemsD 4226 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly-(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building ProductsD 4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Be
18、tween Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD 4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam Im-pact Strength of PlasticsD 5178 Test Method for Mar Resistance of Organic Coat-ingsD 5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFalling Weight (Gardne
19、r Impact)D6110 Test Methods for Determining the Charpy ImpactResistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 632 Practice for Developing Accelerated Tests to AidPrediction of the Service Life of Building Components andMaterialsE 695 Test Method for Measuring R
20、elative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE 773 Test Method Accelerated Weathering of Sealed Insu-lating Glass UnitsE 774 Specification for the Classification of the Durabilityof Sealed Insulating Glass UnitsE 822 Practice for Determining Resistance of Solar Collec-tor
21、 Covers to Hail by Impact With Propelled Ice BallsE 917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 997 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass inWindows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence ofUniform Static Loads by Destructive MethodE 998 Test Method
22、for Structural Performance of Glass inWindows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence ofUniform Static Loads by Non-destructive MethodE 1017 Specification for Generic Requirements for ExteriorResidential Window Assemblies3E 1233 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Curtai
23、n Walls, and Doors by Cyclic Static AirPressure DifferentialE 1825 Guide for Evaluation of Exterior Building WallMaterials, Products, and SystemsE 2025 Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Compo-nents and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact EnergiesE 2151 Terminology of Guides for Specifying and
24、Evaluat-ing Performance of Single Family and Detatched Dwell-ingsF 925 Test Method for Resistance to Chemicals of ResilientFlooringF 1265 Test Method for Resistance to Impact for ResilientFloor TileG 116 Practice for Conducting Wire-on Bolt Test for Atmo-spheric Galvanic CorrosionG 149 Practice for
25、Conducting the Washer Test for Atmo-spheric Galvanic Corrosion3Withdrawn.FIG. 1 Attributes Addressed in the Series of Performance StandardsE2136042FIG. 2 Hierarchy of Building Elements Included in the Series of Performance StandardsE2136043G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-cele
26、rated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 152 Practice for Operating Open-Flame Carbon ArcLight Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic MaterialsG 153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic MaterialsG 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent L
27、ight Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Non-Metallic MaterialsG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure on Non-Metallic Materials2.2 American Architectural Manufacturers Association andWindow and Door Manufacturers Association:4ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2-97 Voluntary Specifica-tion
28、s for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) And Wood Windowsand Glass DoorsAAMA/WDMA 1600/I.S. 7-2000 Voluntary Specificationsfor SkylightsAAMA 91093 Voluntary “Life Cycle” Specifications andTest Methods for Architectural Grade Windows and Slid-ing Glass DoorsAAMA 2603.8 Voluntary Performance Requirements andTest P
29、rocedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings. onExtruded AluminumAAMA 2604.2 Voluntary Specification for ResidentialColor Anodic FinishesAAMA 2605.2 Voluntary Specification for High Perfor-mance Organic Coatings on Architectural Extrusion andPanelsAAMA 2606.1 Voluntary Guide Specifications and Inspec-ti
30、on Methods for Integral Color Anodic Finishes forArchitectural AluminumAAMA 2607.1 Voluntary Guide Specification and Inspec-tion Methods for Clear Anodic Finishes for ArchitecturalAluminumAAMA 2608.1 Voluntary Guide Specification and Inspec-tion Methods for Electrolytically Deposited Color AnodicFin
31、ishes for Architectural AluminumAAMA 2611 Voluntary Standards for Anodized Architec-tural Aluminum2.3 American Concrete Institute:5ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-crete, Part 3ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures2.4 American Forest an explanat
32、ion of how the criteria are establishedincluding guides for setting different levels of performance tomeet various user needs; a discussion of the reliability of theevaluation method; and example solutions that are deemed tocomply with the performance statement.7Available from Asphalt Roofing Manufa
33、cturers Association (ARMA), PublicInformation Department 1156 - 15th Street, NW., Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005.8Available from Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike. PO Box 9102. Norwood, Massachusetts 02062.9Available from International Code Council (ICC), 52
34、03 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041.10Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.TABLE 1 Sections of this Practice Addressing DurabilityE21360453.2.2 criteriathe second part of a performance statement,consisting of quantit
35、ative statements defining the level or rangeof performance necessary to meet an objective or, where sucha level or range cannot be established, the units of measure-ment of the performance.3.2.3 detached dwellinga dwelling unit standing by itself.3.2.4 durabilitythe capability of a building, assembl
36、y,component, product, or construction to maintain serviceabilityover at least a specified time.3.2.5 evaluationthe third part of a performance statement,consisting of the method(s) of assessing conformance of theelement being addressed to the criteria.DiscussionThe evaluation states the standards, i
37、nspectionmethods, review procedures, historical documentation, testmethods, in-use performance, engineering analyses, models, orother means to be used in assessing whether or not a criterionhas been satisfied.3.2.6 serviceabilitythe capability of a building, assembly,component, product, or construct
38、ion to perform the function(s)for which it is designed and used.3.2.7 service life (of a building component or material)the period of time after installation during which all propertiesmeet or exceed the minimum acceptable values when routinelymaintained.3.2.8 specifierthe individual or organization
39、 using thestandard guides to create specifications and ultimately acceptdwelling designs, materials, products, components, sub-systems, or buildings to be provided by providers.3.2.9 user needa statement of the activities and behaviorto be carried out in relation to the dwelling by its residents, or
40、other users, defined in terms of motor, kinetic, physiological,psychological, emotional, and other parameters of humanbehavior.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard guide and the use of consensus perfor-mance standards for housing can significantly contribute to theremoval of barriers to the acce
41、ptance of housing innovation inthe global marketplace. This standard guide in conjunctionwith the balance of the set of standard guides, when complete,can also serve to improve communications between producersand consumers leading to enhanced quality and performance ofhousing.4.2 This standard guide
42、 is not intended for use in specifyingand evaluating residential construction other than single familyattached and detached dwellings. Nevertheless, some perfor-mance statements may have application to assessing thedurability of building materials, components, and systems usedin other constructions.
43、4.3 Although this standard guide addresses site planning asit affects the durability of single family attached and detacheddwellings, the site-planning issues considered are not to beconstrued as a comprehensive site specification.4.4 This standard guide can be useful to managers ofhousing procureme
44、nt projects, home builders, designers, prod-uct manufacturers, and evaluation services in addressing dura-bility issues related to single family attached and detacheddwellings. Such applications can require that the performancestatement examples be written in mandatory language.4.5 The performance s
45、tatement examples given in thisstandard guide are intended to complement the durabilityrequirements implied in prescriptive provisions of codes suchas the International Residential Code for One- and Two-FamilyDwellings (IRC).4.6 Limitations on Performance Prediction:4.6.1 The traditional approach to
46、 evaluating the durability inbuilding materials, components, and systems has been relatedto specific materials, and their reaction over time to specificdegradation factors. This is useful for establishing standardsfor the quality control and use of specific materials. However,it is not much help in
47、making comparisons across a variety oftraditional materials intended for the same use, in evaluatingsystems comprised of a number of specific materials (forexample, walls), or in developing performance specificationsand performance standards needed for innovative materials.Little research has consid
48、ered the generic analysis of degrada-tion factors acting upon building elements in residentialapplication. Moreover, insufficient work has been done in thedevelopment of accelerated weathering tests in which thedegradation processes simulate those occurring in practice.Also, much more material scien
49、ce studies of degradationmechanisms and rates are needed to form a strong foundationfor performance prediction of building materials. For thesereasons, the performance statements in this guide are examplesand initial steps of an evolving process in developing perfor-mance standards for single family attached and detacheddwellings. It is anticipated that, as this guide is applied tohousing procurement projects and as more research into thesubject of durability is carried out, the performance statementexamples in this guide will change. Both providers andspecifiers should
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