1、Designation: E2140 01 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forWater Penetration of Metal Roof Panel Systems by StaticWater Pressure Head1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This laboratory test method covers the determination ofthe resistance to water penetration o
3、f exterior metal roof panelsystem sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations when aspecified static water pressure head is applied to the outsideface of the roof panel.NOTE 1This test method is intended to evaluate water-barrier (notwater-shedding) roof system joints and details. These systems
4、are alsoreferred to as hydrostatic roof systems.1.2 This test method is limited to specimens in which thesideseams and attachments are clearly visible and in which thesource of leakage is readily observable.1.3 This test method excludes performance at roof perimeterconditions.1.4 This test method is
5、 suitable for evaluating leakage atroof plane penetrations such as fasteners, curbs, pipes, andexpansion joints under a static water pressure head.1.5 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of water pressure.1.6 The text of this standard includes notes and footnotes
6、excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory mate-rial. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that ar
7、e provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
8、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1646 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior MetalRoof Panel Systems by Uniform Static Air PressureDifferen
9、ce3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this method, see TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite roof systemsroof systems consisting of anexterior metal skin and other components. Factory asse
10、mbledcomposite panels consist of an exterior metal skin, insulation,and interior metal skin. Field assembled composite systemsconsist of exterior metal skins, underlayment, and a structuralroof deck.3.2.2 panel endlapthe connection between two in-linemetal panels across the width of the panels.3.2.3
11、 panel sideseamthe connection between two adja-cent metal panels along the length of the panels.3.2.4 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.2.5 water leakagepenetration of water through theplane of the innermost face of the test specimen during the testperio
12、d.3.2.6 water pressure headthe distance from the surface ofthe water to the lowest point or cell of the metal panelspecimen, measured at the locations shown in Fig. 1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of sealing and fixing a test specimen toa horizontal support frame, locating vertical
13、water dams aroundthe perimeter of the test specimen, applying a specified static1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.57on Performance of Metal Roof Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 20
14、09. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E2140 01. DOI:10.1520/E2140-01R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
15、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.water head to the outside face of the test specimen andobserving for water leakage on the underside of the testspe
16、cimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningwater leakage through metal roof panel system sideseams,endlaps, and roof plane penetrations when the roof system issubjected to a specified static water pressure head.NOTE 2In applying the results of tests by t
17、his method, note that theperformance of a roof or its components or both, is in part a function ofproper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will alsodepend on the integrity of the supporting construction, roof slope, and onthe resistance of components to deterioration by variou
18、s causes: corrosiveatmosphere, aging, ice, vibration, thermal cycling, etc. It is difficult tosimulate the identical complex wetting, aging, and other variable condi-tions that can be encountered in service, including wind-blown pondedwater; the effects of temperature and age on sealant performance;
19、differential pressure across the joints due to wind, snow, and iceaccumulation; densification and migration; and abrasions within the jointcomponents which may occur during thermal cycling and other weatherevents. Some joint conditions are more sensitive than others to thesefactors.5.2 This test met
20、hod will evaluate the resistance of roofpanels, sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations towater submersion. It will not evaluate panel resistance to winddriven rain.NOTE 3See Test Method E1646 for a test which evaluates resistanceto wind driven rain.5.3 This test method is not a structural a
21、dequacy test.5.4 This test method is applicable to single skin metalpanels, the exterior skin of factory assembled compositepanels, and the exterior skin of field assembled compositesystems as long as means can be provided to distinguishleakage through the exterior panel sideseams/endlaps andperimet
22、er leakage.6. Apparatus6.1 This description of apparatus is general in nature andany arrangement of equipment capable of performing the testprocedure within the allowable tolerances is permitted.NOTE 4One such alternate test apparatus arrangement consists ofperimeter seals erected on top of the test
23、 specimen.6.2 Test Chamber(See Figs. 1 and 2). A well-sealedchamber or box with either an opening, a removable mountingpanel or one open face in which or against which the specimenis installed and sealed. The test chamber shall be maintained ina horizontal position.6.2.1 The test chamber shall be pr
24、ovided with a horizontalperimeter support ledge to which test specimens may beattached and sealed.6.2.2 The test specimen shall be anchored to the testchamber perimeter to adequately resist imposed test loadswithout leakage or failure.6.2.3 The test chamber shall be provided with a verticalwater dam
25、 around the perimeter of the chamber. Water damshall be well sealed and of sufficient height to maintain therequired water pressure head.6.2.4 A means of viewing all areas under the roof panelspecimen shall be provided to facilitate observations for waterleakage. It is important to isolate perimeter
26、 leakage fromleakage in areas under evaluation. For factory assembledcomponents, this may be accomplished by omitting any sealantfrom joints of the interior metal skin.FIG. 1 Plan of Typical Three-Span Test Specimen Mounted in ChamberE2140 01 (2009)26.3 Water Pressure Head Measurement DeviceA cali-b
27、rated scale capable of measuring the water pressure headwithin a tolerance of 60.1 in. (3 mm).6.3.1 Four water pressure head measurement devices shallbe used, and shall be located as shown in Fig. 1. Each deviceshall be located directly over a perimeter support ledge, and notmore than 1.0 in. (25 mm
28、) from the base of the sidelap.7. Safety Precautions7.1 Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect personnelfrom test chamber or test specimen failure during loading.8. Test Specimens8.1 Roof test specimens shall be of sufficient size todetermine the performance of all typical parts of the roofs
29、ystem.8.2 For roofs constructed with prefabricated or preformedunits or panels, the specimen width shall not be less than threetypical units plus supporting elements at each side.8.3 The specimen shall include at least four sideseams andat least two panel endlaps in adjacent panels in accordance wit
30、hmanufacturers standard details. The center line of the panelsideseams must be at least 6 in. (150 mm) from the perimeterof the test assembly as shown in Fig. 1.8.4 The test specimen shall be installed as a multiple-spancondition, unless the panel is used only in single-span appli-cations. If two sp
31、ans are used, they shall be unequal, with theshorter being 75 % of the longer. If three or more spans areused, they shall be equal in length. One span of the testspecimen shall not be less than the maximum span to be usedin a roof application.8.5 All parts of the roof test specimen shall be full siz
32、e,using the same materials, details, seals, and methods ofconstruction and anchorage in accordance with manufacturersstandard written or illustrated instructions, or both. Specimenattachments and seals at test chamber perimeters are exemptfrom this requirement. Composite systems tested shall utilize
33、 asubstrate of the same stiffness to be used in the field assembly.8.6 The specimen perimeter shall be well sealed and struc-turally attached to the test apparatus perimeter to isolateleakage through the test specimen from leakage through theperimeter. For composite roof systems, remove internal ors
34、econdary seals and disrupt all possible channels that maycarry leakage to the perimeter of the test specimen. Thesubstrate of field assembled composite roof systems shall bemade discontinuous so that any leakage through the externalskin is readily identified as such.8.7 Structural panel supports sha
35、ll be the same size andshape as specified in manufacturers standard written or illus-trated instructions, or both. Structural supports shall be de-signed to support test loads.8.8 Roof insulation shall not be included unless it is anintegral part of the roof panel system.9. Procedure9.1 Remove any s
36、ealing material or construction that is notnormally a part of the typical panel assembly.NOTE 5When full length brake-forming is available, the test panels atthe side rails can be bent upward to form effective side seals.NOTE 6Non hardening mastic compounds or pressure sensitive tapescan be used eff
37、ectively to seal the test panel assembly to test chamber.NOTE 7The perimeter seals between test panel specimen and testchamber do not have to duplicate actual building perimeter details.9.2 Load the test specimen to approximately 3 in. (75 mm)of water pressure head. Maintain water level for a minimu
38、m of5 min.NOTE 8The use of room-temperature water is recommended to avoidcondensation which may interfere with the observations of water leakage.9.2.1 Examine perimeter seals and repair as necessary.Restore water pressure head to approximately 3 in. (75 mm) ifrequired and maintain for a minimum of 5
39、 min.NOTE 9A small amount of perimeter seal leakage is permittedprovided that it does not impede the determination of water leakage on theinside face of the roof panel specimen.9.3 Increase the water pressure head to 6 in. (150 mm).9.3.1 Maintain the 6 in. (150 mm) 60.2 in. (5 mm) waterpressure head
40、 for a period of 6 h.9.3.2 Record the water pressure head and observe for waterleakage on the inside face of the roof panel specimen 1 h afterthe start of the test, 3 h after the start of the test, andimmediately prior to test termination.9.3.3 The test procedure shall be terminated after6horupon ob
41、servation of water leakage on the inside face of the roofpanel specimen.9.4 Remove all water from test specimen area. Observe andrecord condition of panels, panel endlaps, and panel sideseams.FIG. 2 Section Through Typical Test Specimen Mounted in ChamberE2140 01 (2009)310. Report10.1 Report the fol
42、lowing information:10.1.1 Date of test and date of test report.10.1.2 Title of test, author of test report, and test sponsor.10.1.3 Identification of the test specimen (manufacturer,source of supply, dimensions, model, type, materials, and otherpertinent information).10.1.4 Detailed drawings of the
43、test specimen that provide adescription of the physical characteristics including dimen-sional section profiles, framing location, panel arrangement,installation and spacing of anchorage and clips, accessories,sealants, and any other pertinent construction details.10.1.5 Record the sealant type, geo
44、metry, and location.Record the panel fastener type and locations. Record the panelendlap and sideseam locations, construction, seals, and attach-ment methods.10.1.6 A statement that the specimen resisted the requiredwater pressure head without observed water leakage, or astatement describing observe
45、d water leakage (if any).10.1.7 A statement that the test or tests were conducted inaccordance with this method or a complete description of anydeviations from this method.11. Precision and Bias11.1 This test is a pass/fail test and therefore no precisionand bias statement can be developed.12. Keywo
46、rds12.1 endlap; metal panel; roof; roof panel; sideseam; staticwater pressure; water; water leakage; water penetrationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
47、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
48、ther reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atten
49、d. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photoco
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