1、Designation: E2141 12E2141 14Standard Test MethodsMethod forAssessing the Durability of Absorptive ElectrochromicCoatings onAccelerated Aging of Electrochromic Devices inSealed Insulating Glass Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2141; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 TheseThis test methods coverme
3、thod covers the accelerated aging and monitoring of the time-dependent performance ofelectrochromic glazings. Cross sections of typical electrochromic windows are shown in which devices have four or five-layersof coatings that include the two or three active layers sandwiched between transparent con
4、ducting electrodes (TCOs, see Sectionof electrochromic devices (ECD) integrated in insulating glass units.3).1.2 The test methods aremethod is applicable only for multilayered (two or more coatings between the TCOs) absorptiveelectrochromic coatings on for any electrochromic device incorporated into
5、 sealed insulating glass (IG) units (IGUs) fabricated forvision glass (superstrate and substrate) areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wallsystems. The multilayerslayers used for constructing the EC device and electrochromically changing the optical pro
6、perties may beinorganic or organic materials between the superstrate and substrate.materials.1.3 The electrochromic coatings (EC) glazings used in this test method are exposed under use conditions to solar radiation andare deployed to control the amount of radiation by absorption and reflection and
7、thus, limit the solar heat gain and amount of solarradiation that is transmitted into the building.1.4 The test methods aremethod is not applicable to other chromogenic devices, such as, photochromic and thermochromicdevices. devices which do not respond to electrical stimulus.1.5 The test methods a
8、re not applicable to electrochromic devices consisting of three layers of coatings including the twotransparent conducting electrodes (see Section 3).1.5 The test methods aremethod is not applicable to electrochromic windows (EC) glazings that are constructed from superstrateor substrate materials o
9、ther than glass.1.6 The test methodsmethod referenced herein are is a laboratory teststest conducted under specified conditions. These testsareThe test is intended to simulate and, in some cases, to also accelerate actual in-service use of the electrochromic windows.Results from these tests cannot b
10、e used to predict the performance with time of in-service units unless actual correspondingin-service tests have been conducted and appropriate analyses have been conducted to show how performance can be predictedfrom the accelerated aging tests.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded a
11、s the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7.1 ExceptionInch-pound units are used 7.6.2.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appr
12、opriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is th
13、e direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.22 on DurabilityPerformance of Building Constructions.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2012Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2013February 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20062012as E2141 06.E2141 12. DOI: 10.1520/E2141-1
14、2.10.1520/E2141-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and
15、is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only th
16、e current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1199E177 Test Method for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration
17、 Systems Using Hot BoxPractice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcessE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE892E691 Tables for Terrestrial Sol
18、ar Spectral Irradiance at Air Mass 1.5 for a 37 Tilted SurfacePractice for Conducting anInterlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE903E2953 Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating SpheresSpeci-fication for Evaluating Acc
19、elerated Aging Performance of Electrochromic Devices in Sealed Insulating Glass UnitsE1423 Practice for Determining Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration SystemsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG173 Tables for Reference Solar S
20、pectral Irradiances: Direct Normal and Hemispherical on 37 Tilted Surface2.2 Canadian Standards:ISO Standard:3CAN/CGSB 12.8ISO 9050 Insulating Glass Unitsin building - Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance,total solar energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and rel
21、ated glazing factors3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology in For definitions of general terms used in this test method related to buildingconstruction, thermal insulating materials and natural and artificial weathering tests for nonmetallic materials, refer toTerminologies C168E631, E631
22、C168, and G113 for descriptions of general terms., respectively.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accelerated aging testtest, nan aging a test in which the rate of degradation of building components or materials isintentionally acceleratedincreased from that expected in actual
23、 service.3.2.2 bleached statea descriptor for an EC coating when no ions reside in the electrochromic layer or after ions have beenremoved (or inserted, depending on the type of material) from the electrochromic layer(s) and if applicable, the maximum numberof ions have been returned to the countere
24、lectrode layer to restore the photopic specular transmittance in the bleached state (b)from that of the photopic optical specular transmittance in the colored state (c).3.2.3 colored statea descriptor for an EC coating after ions have been inserted (or removed, depending on the type of material)into
25、 the electrochromic layer and, if applicable, removed from the counterelectrode layer to reduce the photopic optical speculartransmittance (of wavelengths from 400 nm to 730 nm) from that in the bleached state (b).3.2.4 durabilitythe capability of maintaining the serviceability of a product, compone
26、nt, assembly or construction over aspecified time.3.2.2 electrochromic coating (ECC)device (ECD), nthe multilayered a combination of materials that include theelectrochromic layers, other layers, and materials in which the transmittance, reflectance and absorptance properties can be altered,and othe
27、r layers, such as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers required for altering the optical properties of the coating.(forexample, transmittance, reflectance, absorptance) of the device, in response to an applied electrical voltage or current.3.2.3 electrochromic layer(s)(EC) glazing, nthe materia
28、l(s) in an electrochromic coating (ECC) that alter its opticalproperties in a prepared opening of a building, the material installed which consists of an ECD with layer(s) of materials in whichthe optical properties can change in response to the insertion or removal of ions, that is, Lian applied el
29、ectrical field, attendantmaterials, and one or more lites of glass.+ or H+.3.2.4 electrochromic glazinglayer(s), na device with an ECC consisting of several layers of electrochromic materials,attendant materials, and one or more lites of glass, which are able to alter their optical properties in an
30、ECD, the layer(s) ofmaterial(s) in which the optical properties can change in response to a change in an applied electric field. The changeable opticalproperties include transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance.application of an electrical voltage and/or current.3.2.5 electro-optic cycling, nthe
31、process of applying repetitive positive and negative voltages and/or currents to an ECD forthe purpose of reversibly changing the optical properties of the EC glazing from the highest to the lowest transmittance state.3.2.6 highest transmittance state, nalso referred to as the clear state or bleache
32、d state, a descriptor for an EC glazing whenit is in the transmittance state with the highest photopic specular light transmittance.3.2.7 lateral uniformity, nthe degree of variation in the amount of irradiance in the x and y directions in the test plane usedfor exposing an EC glazing.3.2.8 fenestra
33、tionlowest transmittance state, nany opening in a buildings envelope including windows, doors, andskylights.also referred to as the tinted state, dark state or colored state, a descriptor for an EC glazing when it is in the transmittancestate with the lowest photopic specular light transmittance.3 A
34、vailable from Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), Place du Portage III, 6B1 11 Laurier Street Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.International Organization forStandardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.E2141 1423.2.9 performance parameterspho
35、topic transmittance ratio (PTR), nthe photopic transmittance ratio (PTR) (PTRor PTR =bH/cL. The photopic transmittances (H, L) between the bleached and colored states; coloring and bleaching times andopen-circuit memory.are obtained by integrating the spectra in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm
36、 using the spectral photopicefficiency Ip (CIE, 1924) as the weighting factor.3.2.10 room temperature, nca 22C3.2.11 serviceabilityserviceability, nthe capability of a building product, component, assembly or construction to performthe function(s) for which it was designed and constructed.3.2.12 sol
37、ar irradiance, nas related to natural weathering of materials, the irradiance of the sun incident on the earths surface,having wavelengths between 295 nm and 4050 nm.3.2.13 specular (regular) transmittance, nthe optical transmittance that does not include light with a diffuse component.3.2.14 switch
38、ing cycle, na transition in visible light transmittance through the whole or part of the EC-IGUs visible lighttransmittance range starting at one end of the range (at H or L) and ending back at the same point. For example, one switchingcycle can be a transition from the highest transmittance state t
39、o the lowest transmittance state and back to the highest transmittancestate, or a transition from the lowest transmittance state to the highest transmittance state and back to the lowest transmittance state.3.2.15 switching times TH and TL, nswitching time, TH, is the time it takes for the EC glazin
40、g to transition from its highesttransmittance state over 80 % of its initial dynamic range (where dynamic range is H-L). Switching time (TL) is the time it takesfor the EC glazing to transition from its lowest transmittance state across 80 % of its dynamic range (where dynamic range isH-L).3.3 For a
41、dditional useful definitions for terminology used in this standard, see Appendix X1, X1.2.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 AMair mass3.3.2 AWUaccelerated weathering unit3.3.3 DBTdry-bulb temperature3.3.4 DPMdigital panel meters3.3.5 ECDElectrochromic device3.3.6 IGinsulating glass3.3.7 IGU(s)insulating glass unit
42、(s)3.3.8 NIRnear-infrared (radiation)3.3.9 PTRphotopic transmittance ratio3.3.10 Hspecular (regular) transmittance in the highest transmittance state3.3.11 Lspecular (regular) transmittance in the lowest transmittance state3.3.12 THtime to switch from the highest transmittance state to a transmittan
43、ce of H 0.8 (H-L)3.3.13 TLtime to switch from the lowest transmittance state to a transmittance of L + 0.8 (H-L)3.3.14 TCOtransparent conducting oxide3.3.15 UVultraviolet (radiation)4. Significance and Use4.1 EC glazings perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: minim
44、izing the solar energy heatgain; providing for passive solar energy gain; controlling a variable visual connection with the outside world; enhancing humancomfort (heat gain), security, ventilation, illumination, and glare control; providing for architectural expression, and (possibly)improving acous
45、tical performance. It is therefore important to understand the relative serviceability of these glazings.4.2 TheThis test methods aremethod is intended to provide a means for evaluating the durability of ECCs relative serviceabilityof EC Glazings as described in Section 1.21., (See Appendix X1).4.3
46、The procedures in this test method include (a) rapid but realistic current-voltage cycling tests emphasizing the electricalproperties, and (b) environmental test parameters that are typically used in weatherability tests by standards organizations and arerealistic for the intended use of large-area
47、EC IGUs.5. Background5.1 Durability is a critical requirement for an EC glazing product for use in the building envelope. In selecting the materials,device design, and glazing for any application, the ability of the glazing to perform over time is an indication of that glazingsdurability. The purpos
48、e of this standard test method is to assess the durability of ECCs.E2141 1435.2 EC glazings perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: minimizing the solar energy heatgain; providing for passive solar energy gain; controlling a variable visual connection with the outsi
49、de world; enhancing humancomfort (heat gain), security, ventilation, illumination, and glare control; providing for architectural expression, and (possibly)improving acoustical performance. Some of these functions may deteriorate in performance over time. Solar heat gain through anEC glazing is decreased because of two principal processes. Energy from the visible part of the spectrum is absorbed by an ECglazing in the colored state. In addition, infrared radiation is either absorbed by the EC glazing mat
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