1、Designation: E 2150 04Standard Classification forLife-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmentalCost Element Structure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of the compre-hensive hierarchical list of elements for life-c
3、ycle environmen-tal work. The classification is based on the InteragencyEnvironmental Cost Element Structure (ECES)2. Elements, asdefined here, are major components common to environmentalprojects. The elements represent the life-cycle activities forenvironmental projects regardless of the project d
4、esign speci-fication, construction method, technology type, or materialsused. The classification serves as a consistent reference for costestimating, analysis, and monitoring during the various phasesof the project life cycle. Using ECES ensures consistency, overtime and from project to project, in
5、the cost management andperformance measurement of environmental projects. It alsoenhances reporting at all phases of a project, from assessmentand studies through design, construction, operations and main-tenance (O communicatingproject data between installations or agencies and industry;cost and sc
6、hedule estimating; historical cost and schedule datacollection; historical project data collection for technologydeployments and project conditions; validating and calibratingcost estimates and software tools; and establishing and dis-seminating best practices and lessons learned.4.6 The hierarchica
7、l nature of the classification allows forcollecting data using more detailed lower level elements or forsummarizing data at higher levels.4.7 ECES, as described in this classification, is beingincluded in the Remedial Action Cost Estimating Requirement(RACER)5system and the Environmental Cost Analys
8、is Sys-tem (ECAS)6. RACER is used for estimating cost, and ECASis used to collect, maintain, and analyze the cost of completedprojects. Federal agencies performing environmental workintend to incorporate the ECES.5. Basis of Classification5.1 In environmental management work, the life cycle of thepr
9、oject is represented by six different regulatory phases. Withminor variations in the definitions, these life-cycle phasesapply to most or all environmental projects including environ-mental restoration, waste management, decontamination anddecommissioning, ordnance and explosive retrievals, under-gr
10、ound storage tanks (USTs), and aboveground storage tanks(ASTs). In addition to the six regulatory life-cycle phases, aCross Cut cost category was added to address costs notattributable to a particular phase or to a specific project. Figure1 shows the life-cycle nature of environmental phases. As can
11、be seen from Fig. 1 the phases may not be linear and theirsequencing may be iterative since results from one phase mayrequire the execution of earlier phases again, to meet theregulatory requirement. Additional information on each of thesix Level 1 Phases is provided in Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1.The
12、six regulatory life-cycle phases are Phase 1 - Assessment,Phase 2 - Studies, Phase 3 - Design, Phase 4 - Construction,Phase 5 - Operations and Maintenance, and Phase 6 - Surveil-lance and Long-Term Monitoring. Cross Cut covers all phasesof the lifecycle.5.2 Whereas Level 1 depicts the life-cycle pha
13、ses or time-frame of environmental work, Level 2 of the classificationrepresents the major work elements that need to be performedin an environmental project. There are thirty-four major workelements included in Level 2 of the classification. In addition,there is an “Other,” element available for th
14、ose unique orspecial tasks that cannot be described closely by availableelements. “Other” elements are designated by .9x numberingsystem. For the purposes of this standard, only two levels arediscussed, but more detailed levels are available. Fig. 2illustrates a sample Level 2 for the Construction p
15、hase. Fig. 3represents a matrix of the Level 1 elements and how they applyto each of the Level 2 categories. Phases 1 through 6 are listedby their phase number. The cross cut category is listed as “X.”5.3 As seen from Fig. 3, the columns on the left-hand sidehave been reserved for Level 1 life-cycle
16、 phases. The numbersin these columns provide a general guidance on the applica-bility of that phase to the Level 2 major work elements that areshown in the two columns under the Major Work Elementsheading. For example, the Level 2 element, Preparation ofPlans, is marked with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a
17、nd 6 in theleft-hand columns. This means that this element can be appliedor conducted during Phases 1 through 6. If any of thenumbered rows under the column entitled Cross Cut is markedwith letter “X,” then that element is cross-cutting and the costsapply to more than one phase. The numbers are not
18、necessarilyall inclusive or definitive. There may be cases where anelement may be applicable to a phase that is not marked or maybe marked and not applicable for that specific project. Thisstructure is flexible, and the user can use other phases eventhough they are not marked in the columns.5.4 Posi
19、tioned between the Cross Cut column and Level 2 isthe Sub-Project Identifier that uses the alphabetical designa-tions from a to z. The purpose of the Sub-Project Identifier isto allow users to differentiate between similar tasks that havethe same designation number. For example, there may be twodiff
20、erent Disposal Facility/Process, 4.13 (Level 1 - Phase 4,and Level 2-.13) to be constructed. To distinguish the firstfacility from the second, the letters “a” and “b” (that is, “4.a.13” and “4.b .13”) could be used to designate the first andsecond facility respectively. The use of the Sub-Project Id
21、en-tifier is not typical in many environmental projects, but it isincluded to provide flexibility to the structure.6. Description of Environmental Cost Elements6.1 The following describes the Level 1 phases. Thesedescriptions outline what elements are generally included and,as appropriate, provide g
22、uidelines on what is not included.Generic definitions of the phases are included as are morespecific application of the life-cycle phases to various types of5RACER is a parametric cost estimating tool for environmental projects.6ECAS is being developed by U.S. Department of Energy to capture cost of
23、completed environmental projects. Please contact Bryan Skokan at 301-903-7612for more information.FIG. 2 Hierarchical Organization of ECES Classification StandardE2150043FIG. 3 Level 1 and Level 2 Classification MatrixE2150044environmental projects. Additional information on each of thesix Level 1 P
24、hases is provided in Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1.6.1.1 Below is a generic definition of Level 1 phases.6.1.1.1 Phase 1: AssessmentAssess and inspect site andprepare site inspection reports.6.1.1.2 Phase 2: StudiesRisk assessment, characterizationand investigations, development and analysis of treatment
25、 orremediation options, and treatability studies.6.1.1.3 Phase 3: DesignEngineering design and pre-construction activities of treatment or remediation alternatives.6.1.1.4 Phase 4: ConstructionConstruction of selectedtreatment or remediation alternatives. Includes start-up, butexcludes operations.6.
26、1.1.5 Phase 5: Operations and MaintenanceIncludes alloperations and maintenance, after startup and testing, for theselected treatment or remediation alternatives. Examples ofO Material Handling/Transportation for thoseactivities.6.2.16 (.16) Air Pollution/Gas Collection and Control:6.2.16.1 Phase 4T
27、his element includes the constructionof trench systems, well systems, and other systems needed tocapture fugitive dust, vapor, and gas.6.2.16.2 Phase 5This element includes the operation oftrench systems, well systems, and other systems needed tocapture fugitive dust, vapor, and gas. O therefore, it
28、 is not part of aE2150048treatment train and does not require hazardous material han-dling or transportation.6.2.22 (.22) Ex Situ Biological Treatment:6.2.22.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple
29、projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and installation ofbiological treatment systems. Biological treatment is the mi-crobial transformation of organic compounds. Biological treat-ment processes can alter inorganic compounds such as ammo-nia and nitrate, and can change th
30、e oxidation state of certainmetal compounds. Examples of ex situ biological treatmentsinclude activated sludge, composting, trickling filters, anaero-bic digestion, and aerobic digestion.6.2.22.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part ofa treatment train and does not require ha
31、zardous materialhandling or transportation.6.2.24 (.24) Ex Situ Chemical Treatment:6.2.24.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), an
32、d installation ofchemical treatment systems. Chemical treatment is the processin which hazardous wastes are chemically changed to removetoxic contaminants from the environment. The types of ex situtreatments include oxidation/reduction, solvent extraction,chlorination, ozonation, ion exchange, neutr
33、alization, hydroly-sis, photolysis, dechlorination, electrolysis reactions, and othertechnologies.6.2.24.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part of a treatment train anddoes not require hazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.25.3 Phase 6With some in situ physical tr
34、eatmentmethods such as coating, this element includes the regularapplication of paints, adhesive substances, or bonding sub-stances on structures or equipment to contain the contaminantsor to reduce exposure to contaminants as part of the operationand maintenance or long-term monitoring activity.6.2
35、.26 (.26) Ex Situ Physical Treatment:6.2.26.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and installation ofphysical treatment systems. P
36、hysical treatment is the physicalseparation of contaminants from solid, liquid, or gaseous wastestreams. Physical treatments generally do not result in totaldestruction or separation of the contaminants in the wastestream, consequently post-treatment is often required. Ex situphysical treatments inc
37、lude filtration, sedimentation, floccula-tion, precipitation, equalization, evaporation, stripping, soilwashing, and carbon adsorption. Cost includes process equip-ment, labor, and material associated with the construction orinstallation of the treatment unit.6.2.26.2 Phase 5This element includes th
38、e O therefore, it is not part of atreatment train and does not require hazardous material han-dling or transportation.6.2.28 (.28) Ex Situ Thermal Treatment:6.2.28.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for onespecific project or can be us
39、ed on multiple projects or sub-projects and can be either portable or stationary), and installa-tion of thermal treatment systems. Thermal treatment is thedestruction of wastes through exposure to high temperature incombustion chambers and energy recovery devices. Ex situthermal treatments include s
40、everal processes capable of incin-erating a wide range of liquid and solid wastes such as fluidizedbed, rotary kiln, multiple hearth, infrared, circulating bed,liquid injection, pyrolysis, plasma torch, wet air oxidation,supercritical water oxidation, molten salt destruction, and solardetoxification
41、.6.2.28.2 Phase 5This element includes the Otherefore, it is not part of a treatment train and does not requirehazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.30 (.30) Ex Situ Stabilization/Fixation/Encapsulation:6.2.30.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equi
42、pment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and installation ofstabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment systems.Stabilization/fixation/encapsulation processes attempt to im-prove the handling and physical cha
43、racteristics of the wastes,decrease the surface area, limit the solubility of any pollutantsand detoxify contained pollutants. Ex situ treatments includeinorganic/asphalt-based encapsulation, sludge stabilization,vitrification, and other technologies.6.2.30.2 Phase 5This element includes the O chara
44、cterization; code of accounts; cost ele-ments; cost estimation; decommissioning; decontamination;ECES; environmental cost structure; environmental manage-ment; environmental restoration; HTRW WBS; life-cyclecosts; life-cycle phases; operations and maintenance; phases;program management; project mana
45、gement; RCRA; remedia-tion; site investigation; standard classification; surveillance andlong-term monitoring; waste management; work breakdownstructureE21500411APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DESCRIPTION OF LEVEL 1 PHASESX1.1 The matrix below (Fig. X1.1) provides a descriptionof each of the
46、 Level 1 phase cost elements. It shows whoparticipates, gives an idea of when each phase begins and ends,lists general activities, and breaks down typical expenditures.FIG. X1.1 Description of Level 1 PhasesE21500412X2. DESCRIPTION OF ADJUNCTX2.1 Classification E 2150 04, Classification for Life-Cyc
47、le Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmental CostElement Structure, establishes the first two levels of the coststructure. In many cases, users may require more details ofenvironmental costs than are contained in the standard. Thisadjunct provides more detailed elements and definitions of theEnvironm
48、ental Cost Element Structure (ECES) at levels 3, 4,and 5 that are needed to support the standard.X2.2 The adjunct includes a table with all five levels of theECES structure. The descriptions, however, focus on thedetailed elements of work established at Levels 3, 4, and 5. Thedescriptions indicate w
49、hat items are included, and as appropri-ate, not included for the element, and refer to those elementsthat are more applicable when performing environmentalmanagement work. Each detailed element also includes thephase number, a list of subordinate elements, supplementalFIG. X1.1 Description of Level 1 Phases (continued)E21500413notes as required, and units of measure (UOM). For thoseprograms, projects, or organizations that have a need for amore detailed breakdown of cost elements than what isavailable in this adjunct, it is recommended that the detailedbreakdown
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