1、Designation: E 2157 01 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Pavement Macrotexture Properties Using theCircular Track Meter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for obtaining andanalyzing pavement macrotexture prof
3、iles using the CircularTrack Meter (CTMeter).1.2 The CTMeter consists of a charge coupled device(CCD) laser displacement sensor which is mounted on an armthat rotates such that the displacement sensor follows a circulartrack having a diameter of 284 mm (11.2 in.).1.3 The CTMeter is designed to measu
4、re the same circulartrack that is measured by the Dynamic Friction Tester(DFTester).1.4 The CTMeter can be used both for laboratory investi-gations and in the field on actual paved surfaces.1.5 The software developed for the CTMeter reports theMean Profile Depth (MPD) and the Root Mean Square (RMS)v
5、alues of the macrotexture profiles.1.6 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regardedas standard. The inch-pound equivalents are rationalized, ratherthan exact mathematical conversions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
6、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE 1845 Practice for Ca
7、lculating Pavement MacrotextureMean Profile DepthE 1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface Fric-tional Properties Using the Dynamic Friction Tester2.2 Other Document:Manufacturers “Operating Manual for the Circular TextureMeter,” Sunny Koken Company, 3-8-4 Shinsayama,Sayama-shi, Saitama-ken, Ja
8、pan 13313. Terminology3.1 See Terminology E 867.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 negative textureMacrotexture produced by depres-sions in the surface.3.2.2 positive textureMacrotexture produced by asperitiesprojecting above the surface.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This method utilizes a displacement sensor tha
9、t ismounted on an arm that rotates clockwise at a fixed elevationfrom the surface being measured. The sensor is attached to thearm at a radius of 142 mm (5.6 in.).4.2 The device is controlled by a notebook computer whichsaves and processes the data. When the measurement isinitiated by the computer,
10、a DC motor drives the arm for a full360 revolution.4.3 The profile is recorded in the computer memory and isdivided into eight segments for analysis (See Fig. 1). Thecomputer software can process the data to report either theMPD in accordance with Practice E 1845 or the RMS or bothfor each segment.5
11、. Significance and Use5.1 In the PIARC International Experiment ( 13)itwasfound that the volumetric mean texture depth (MTD) washighly correlated to the speed constant of the InternationalFriction Index. It has been found that the average of the MPDvalues for the eight segments using the CTMeter is
12、extremelyhighly correlated with the MTD and can replace the volumetricmeasurement for determination of the MTD (2). The recom-mended relationship for the estimate of the MTD from theMPD by the CTMeter is:MTD 5 0.947 MPD 1 0.069 (1)when MTD and MPD are expressed in millimetres,or:1This test method is
13、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 onVehicle-Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.23on Surface Characteristics Related to Tire Pavement Slip Resistance.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 2001 as E 2157 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers
15、 given in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of the text.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.MTD 5 0.947 MPD 1 0.0027 (2)when MTD and MPD are expressed in inches.NOTE 1These equations differ from those gi
16、ven in Practice E 1845,which are for the estimated texture depths from linear profiles.5.2 Comparison of the MPD and the RMS for a surfaceprovides information of the nature of the texture, that is,whether the texture is positive or negative ( 3).5.3 Analysis of the individual segments can be perform
17、ed toexamine the profile parallel to the direction of travel (segmentsA and E) and perpendicular to the direction of travel (segmentsC and G). This information could be particularly useful in thestudy of surfaces that have texture with significant directionalcharacteristics.6. Apparatus6.1 CTMeterTh
18、e measuring instrument consists of a CCDlaser-displacement sensor mounted on an arm that rotates at 80mm (3.15 in.) above the surface on a diameter of 284 mm(11.18 in.). The arm is driven by a DC motor at a tangentialvelocity of 6 m/min (19.7 ft/min) in a counterclockwisedirection.6.2 Data Collectio
19、nThe CCD is sampled 1024 times perrevolution providing a sample spacing on 0.87 mm (0.034 in.)by an A/D converter.6.3 Data RecordingThe data are recorded in memory in anotebook computer. The data are segmented into eight 111.5mm (4.39 in.) arcs of 128 samples each. The computer softwarecomputes the
20、MPD, the RMS, or both, of each segment.6.4 Displacement SensorThe CCD laser-displacementsensor shall have a spot size of 70 m (2.76 3 10-3in.) over arange of 65 to 90 mm (2.56 to 3.54 in.). The vertical resolutionshall be 3 m (.12 3 10-3in.).7. Test Samples7.1 FieldField test surfaces shall be free
21、of loose par-ticles. The test surface does not have to be horizontal providedthe instrument can be leveled in working position.7.2 LaboratoryLaboratory test panels shall be clean andfree of loose particles and shall be held firmly during measure-ment.7.2.1 Flat laboratory test panels shall have a te
22、st surface ofat least 600 by 600 mm (24 by 24 in.) with no disturbance fromedge effects for a diameter of 500 mm (20 in.).8. CalibrationNOTE 2Manufacturers Calibration: The CTMeter shall be calibratedat the manufacturers facility, using a precision machined calibrationsurface having a sawtooth profi
23、le having an amplitude of 7 mm (0.28 in)and a period of 28 mm (1.10 in), producing an MPD of 3.5 mm (0.14 in).8.1 Field CalibrationPrior to each measurement session,the CTMeter shall be checked using the calibration panelprovided by the manufacturer. The result shall be within 60.05mm (0.002 in.) of
24、 the value indicated on the panel. If the resultis outside these limits, the CTMeter shall be returned to themanufacturer for calibration.9. Procedure9.1 Place the CTMeter on the test surface which should befree of any contamination. If the measurement is to be used inconjunction with a measurement
25、by the Dynamic FrictionTester (DFTester) specified in Test Method E 1911, the locationshould be marked such that the DFTester can be placed in thesame location.NOTE 3It is preferable to operate the CTMeter at a location where thesurface is flat. However, it has been shown that the effect is negligib
26、le fora deviation from flatness of up to 6 mm (0.24 in.) over a 0.5 m (20 in.)specimen.9.2 Orient the CTMeter with the segments C and G perpen-dicular to the direction of travel as shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 4If there is no predominant travel direction, position theCTMeter in an identifiable orientation,
27、such as a physical characteristic ofthe site or according to compass direction.9.3 Select the option to compute the MPD, the RMS, orboth, of the profiles and initiate the measurement from thenotebook computer.9.4 Record the test results or store the data for futureanalysis.10. Report10.1 The report
28、shall include the following:10.1.1 Date and time of day,10.1.2 Individual values of the friction MPD, RMS, or both,for each of the eight segments and the average value of theeight segments,10.1.3 Temperature of the test surface,10.1.4 Type, age, condition, and location of test surface,10.1.5 Plot of
29、 the profile,10.1.6 Type and date of the most recent calibration.FIG. 1 Segments of the Circular Track ProfileE 2157 01 (2005)211. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe standard deviation of eight measure-ments on the same test surface is 0.03 mm (0.001 in.).11.2 BiasThere is no basis for determinatio
30、n of the bias.12. Keywords12.1 pavement texture; skid resistanceAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DIMENSIONS OF THE CIRCULAR TRACK TMETERFig. X1.1 depicts the dimensions of the CTMeter.E 2157 01 (2005)3FIG. X1.1 Dimensions of the CT MeterE 2157 01 (2005)4REFERENCES(1) Wambold, J. C., Antle, C. E
31、., Henry, J. J., and Rado, Z., “InternationalPIARC Experiment to Compare and Harmonize Texture and SkidResistance Measurements, Final report,” Permanent InternationalAssociation of Road Congresses (PIARC), Paris, 1995.(2) Abe, H., Henry, J.J., Tamai, A., and Wambold, J.C., “Measurement ofPavement Ma
32、crotexture Using the Circular Texture Meter (CTMeter),”Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001.(3) Wennink, M. and Gerritsen, W., “Detection of Changes of PavementTexture Material Recognition,” Proceedings of the Fourth Interna-tional Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteri
33、stics, Nantes, 2000.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
34、 of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or fo
35、r additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
36、 to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 2157 01 (2005)5
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