1、Designation: E2231 09E2231 14 An American National StandardStandard Practice forSpecimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and DuctInsulation Materials to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2231; the number immediately following the designation
2、indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for
3、 specimen preparation and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulation materialsto assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 If the pipe or duct insulation materials to be tested are reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11
4、), the materialsshall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparation and mounting described in Practice E2599 and not the proceduresdescribed in 6.1 through 6.6.1.3 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.4 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulato
5、ry tool.1.5 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are givenin parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.7 Fire tes
6、ting of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall beemployed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard givesinstructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the f
7、ire-test-response method is given inTest Method E84. See also Section8.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.9 This stand
8、ard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.10 This fire standard cannot
9、be used to provide quantitative measures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A390 Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Poultry Fence Fabric (Hexagonal and Straight Line)C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1224 Specificati
10、on for Reflective Insulation for Building ApplicationsC1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE2599 Practice for
11、Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation, Radiant Barrier and Vinyl Stretch CeilingMaterials for Building Applications to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subc
12、ommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009March 15, 2014. Published October 2009April 2014. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 asE2231-07a.-09. DOI: 10.1520/E2231-09.10.1520/E2231-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM webs
13、ite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicatio
14、n of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consid
15、ered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1IEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI) The Modernized Metric System2.2 UL Standards:UL 181 Standard for Safety for Factory-Made Air Ducts and Conne
16、ctors33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this practice refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite, nas related to a pipe or duct insulation, see duct insulation system or pipe insulation system.
17、3.2.2 duct, nas related to heating ventilating, air conditioning or exhaust systems, a passageway made of sheet metal or othersuitable material used for conveying air or other gases.3.2.3 duct insulation system, nas related to fire testing, system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for an
18、extendedlength, the outside surface of a duct; the system shall have an insulation core, with or without a covering or vapor retarder facingwhich includes longitudinal closure systems (if used) and perhaps other duct insulation supplementary materials such as adhesives,fasteners, or tapes (if used).
19、3.2.3.1 DiscussionDuct system components, including tapes, sealants, and fitting covers, that do not cover the duct continuously for an extendedlength, but which are associated with the duct insulation system are considered separately (see duct insulation supplementarymaterials). An extended length
20、is not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least 3 ft.3.2.4 duct insulation supplementary materials, nas related to fire testing, components, including tapes and sealants used fortransverse joints as well as fitting covers that are intermittently spaced, as needed, within the duc
21、t insulation system, as well asadhesives used to bond the insulation to the duct substrate and that do not cover the duct continuously for an extended length.3.2.5 duct lining, nmaterial such as an insulation, coating or film, including adhesive, used to line the inside surface of a duct.3.2.6 insul
22、ation blanket, na relatively flat and flexible insulation in coherent sheet form furnished in units of substantial area.43.2.7 pipe, nas related to heating, ventilating, or air conditioning systems, a cylindrical conduit for the conveyance of liquidsor semi-solids.3.2.8 pipe insulation system, nas r
23、elated to fire testing, system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for an extendedlength, the outside surface of a pipe; the system shall have an insulation core, with or without a covering or vapor retarder facingwhich includes longitudinal closure systems (if used) and perhaps other pipe
24、insulation supplementary materials such as adhesives,fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.8.1 DiscussionPipe system components, including tapes, sealants, and fitting covers, that do not cover the pipe continuously for an extendedlength, but which are associated with the pipe insulation system are cons
25、idered separately (see pipe insulation supplementarymaterials). An extended length is not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least 3 ft.3.2.9 pipe insulation supplementary materials, nas related to fire testing, components, including tapes and sealants used fortransverse joints
26、as well as fitting covers that are intermittently spaced, as needed, within the pipe insulation system, as well asadhesives used to bond the insulation to the pipe substrate and that do not cover the pipe continuously for an extended length.3.2.10 reflective insulation, nthermal insulation consistin
27、g of one or more low emittance surfaces bounding one or moreenclosed air spaces.3.2.10.1 DiscussionReflective insulation materials are defined in Specification C1224.3.2.11 reflective plastic core insulation, nan insulation material packaged in rolls, that is less than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) thick,with a
28、t least one exterior low emittance surface (0.1 or less) and a core material containing voids or cells.3.2.11.1 Discussion3 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.4 This definition is similar to the definition of “blanket insulation
29、” in Terminology C168 from committee C16 on Thermal Insulation.E2231 142Reflective plastic core insulation materials are one specific type of reflective insulation materials.3.2.12 self-supporting specimen, na specimen that remains in place by its own structural characteristics both before and durin
30、gthe fire test.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulation materialsto assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.4.2 Pipe or duct insulation systems (
31、or composites related to pipe or duct insulation) consist of an insulation core, with orwithout a jacket, and with or without an adhesive. Pipe or duct insulation systems shall be tested in accordance with the specimenpreparation and mounting procedures described in this practice, using Test Method
32、E84.4.3 Supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulation systems, including tapes, joint sealants, and fitting covers, that areintermittently spaced, shall be tested for flame spread and smoke development as single-component systems, using Test MethodE84.5. Significance and Use5.1 Pipe and duct i
33、nsulation systems are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanical coderequirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimen preparation and mounting procedures for single-component pipe or ductinsulation systems and for multi-component pipe or duct insulation syst
34、ems.5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly tested shall be representative of the completed insulation system used in actualfield installations, in terms of the components, including their respective thicknesses.5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety of materials and cons
35、tructions.5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number of protocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems which utilizeone generic type of materials, all of them with an insulation core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin of this practice, whichmakes them generic, to reduce m
36、aterial bias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedures presented in 6.1. The procedurespresented in 6.2 6.5 address other types of pipe or duct insulation systems.5.5 This practice addresses specimen preparation and mounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1 5.5.3 and testingof
37、supplementary materials as described in 5.6.5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulation core and a jacket, with or without adhesive between insulation core andjacket, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is describedin 6
38、.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 if they are not self-supporting.5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting forsuch systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supporting and in 6.4 if they are not self-supportin
39、g.5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems isdescribed in 6.5.5.5.4 Reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11) shall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparation andmounting described in Practice E2599
40、.5.5.5 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures for systems not described in this practice shall be added as the informationbecomes available.5.6 Supplementary Materials:5.6.1 It is recognized that supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulation systems are normally able to generate heat, fl
41、ameor smoke. Thus, the fire safety of the entire system depends, at least to some extent, on the fire performance of supplementarymaterials. Consequently, the fire-test-response characteristics of all supplementary materials shall be assessed to obtain a fullassessment of the fire-test-response of t
42、he pipe or duct insulation system. See Appendix X1.5.6.2 Supplementary materials are often present intermittently spaced, and not for an extended length, in a pipe or ductinsulation system. Thus, it is not always possible to suitably test them in conjunction with a pipe or duct insulation system.5.6
43、.3 Testing of Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary materials that have not been fully tested in conjunction with the pipeor duct insulation system, in accordance with Section 6, shall be tested for flame spread and smoke development assingle-component systems, in accordance with Test Method E84.5.7
44、The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84.E2231 1436. Specimen Preparation and Mounting6.1 Self-supporting multi-component systems, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate:56.1.1 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, with a longitudinal
45、joint system, to be used without adhesive betweenjacket and insulation core:6.1.1.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens, 20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shall beproduced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing) with a seam created at the approximate l
46、ongitudinal centerline using thesame method of closure used in actual field installations. The jacket (facing) shall be mechanically attached to the insulation coreusing 0.5 in. (13 mm) divergent point steel flared staples. The staples shall be applied, around the perimeter of the board, at 6 63 in.
47、 (152 6 76 mm) on center spacing, as well as adjacent to and along both sides of the longitudinal seam, at approximately 1in. from the seam (see Fig. 1).6.1.1.2 Mount the specimens on the ledges of the Test Method E84 furnace without using an auxiliary support mechanism.6.1.2 Hollow cylindrical insu
48、lation core inside a jacket, with a full coat adhesive attaching the jacket to the insulation core:6.1.2.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens, 20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shall beproduced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing) adhered to one si
49、de of the insulation core (see Fig. 2).6.1.2.2 Each test shall be conducted using a factory or field joint along the longitudinal centerline of the test specimen, witha longitudinal seam created in the approximate centerline using the same method of closure used in actual field installations.6.1.2.3 It shall be permitted to represent the field joint by introducing a longitudinal slit cut along the longitudinal centerlineof the specimen jacket and applying the manufacturers recommended field closure system (if applicable).66.1.2.4 For each test, mount the sp
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