1、Designation: E2249 02 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Airborne Transmission Loss ofBuilding Partitions and Elements Using Sound Intensity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is part of a set for evaluating the soun
3、d transmission loss of a partition or partitionelement under laboratory conditions. It differs from Test Method E90 in that the sound power radiatedby the element under test is measured directly using an intensity probe rather than indirectly from thespace averaged receiver room sound pressure and t
4、he room reverberation time. This test method isespecially useful when the receiver room requirements of Test Method E90 can not be achieved, orflanking sound involving the receiver room surfaces is present but its influence is to be circumvented(1)2, as discussed in Annex A3.Others test methods to e
5、valuate sound insulation of building elements include: Test Method E90,airborne transmission loss of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment, TestMethod E492, laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors, Test MethodE336, measurement of sound isolat
6、ion in buildings, Test Method E1007, measurement of impactsound transmission in buildings, Guide E966, measurement of sound transmission through buildingfacades and facade elements.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airbornesound transmission loss of building partitions such as w
7、alls ofall kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors,windows, roofs, panels and other space-dividing buildingelements. It may also be have applications in sectors other thanthe building industry, although these are beyond the scope.1.2 The primary quantity reported by this standard
8、 is Inten-sity Transmission Loss (ITL) and shall not be given anothername. Similarly, the single-number rating Intensity SoundTransmission Class (ISTC) derived from the measured ITLshall not be given any other name.1.3 This test method may be used to reveal the soundradiation characteristics of a pa
9、rtition or portion thereof.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
10、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1The method for measuring the sound intensity radiated by thebuilding element under test defined by this ASTM standard meets orexceeds those of ISO 15186-1. Sp
11、ecial consideration will have to be givento requirements for the source room and specimen mounting if compliancewith ISO 15186-1 is also desired as they differ from those of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcousticsE90 T
12、est Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions andElementsE336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundAttenuation between Rooms in BuildingsE413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committ
13、ee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE33.03 on Sound Transmission.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2249 02 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/E2249-02R16.2The
14、 boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
15、ummary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ANSI Standards:4S1.9 Instruments for the Measurement of Sound IntensityS1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional Octave-Band Analogue and Digi
16、tal Filters2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 140-3 AcousticsMeasurement of Sound Insulation inBuildings and of Building ElementsPart 3: LaboratoryMeasurements of Sound Insulation of Building ElementsISO 9614-1 AcousticsDetermination of Sound PowerLevels of Noise Sources Using Sound IntensityPart 1:Measurement
17、at Discrete PointsISO 9614-2 AcousticsDetermination of Sound PowerLevels of Noise Sources Using Sound IntensityPart 2:Measurement by ScanningISO 15186-1 AcousticsMeasurement of Sound Insulationin Buildings and of Building Elements Using SoundIntensityPart 1: Laboratory ConditionsISO 15186-2 Acoustic
18、sMeasurement of Sound Insulationin Buildings and of Building Elements Using SoundIntensityPart 2: In-Situ Conditions2.4 IEC Standard:5IEC 1043 Instruments for the Measurement of Sound Inten-sity3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:The acoustical terminology used in thismethod is intended to be consistent w
19、ith the definitions inTerminology C634 and Test Method E90. Unique definitions ofrelevance to this test method are presented here:3.1.1 sound intensity, Itime averaged rate of flow of soundenergy per unit area in the direction of the local particlevelocity. This is a vector quantity which is equal t
20、o:IW51T*0Tpt!uWt!dtWm2(1)where:p(t) = instantaneous sound pressure at a point, Pascals,uW(t) = instantaneous particle velocity at the same point, m/s,andT = averaging time, s.3.1.2 normal sound intensity, Incomponent of the soundintensity in the direction normal to a measurement surfacedefined by th
21、e unit normal vector nW:In5 IWnWWm2(2)where:nW = unit normal vector directed out of the volume enclosedby the measurement surface.3.1.3 normal unsigned sound intensity level, L|In|tentimes the common logarithm of the ratio of the unsigned valueof the normal sound intensity to the reference intensity
22、 Ioasgiven by:L?In?5 10log?In?IodB (3)where:Io5 10212Wm2(4)3.1.4 normal signed sound intensity level, LInten times thecommon logarithm of the ratio of the signed value of thenormal sound intensity to the reference intensity Ioas given by:LIn5 sgnIn! 10 log?In?IodB (5)where:sgn(In) = takes the value
23、of negative unity if the soundintensity is directed into the measurement volume,otherwise it is unity.3.1.5 pressure-residual intensity index, pIothe differencebetween the sound pressure level, Lp, and the unsigned normalsound intensity level when the intensity probe is placed andoriented in a sound
24、 field where the sound intensity is zero,expressed in decibels,pIo5 Lp2 L?In?(6)Additional details can be found in IEC 61043.3.1.6 measurement surfacesurface totally enclosing thebuilding element under test on the receiving side, scanned orsampled by the probe during the measurements. This surfaceha
25、s an area Smexpressed in m2.3.1.7 measurement distance, dmdistance between the mea-surement surface and the building element under test in adirection normal to the element.3.1.8 measurement subareapart of the measurement sur-face being measured with the intensity probe using onecontinuous scan or a
26、series of discrete positions. The kthmeasurement subarea has an area Smkexpressed in m2.3.1.9 measurement volumethe volume that is bounded bythe measurement surface(s), the building element under test,and any connecting non-radiating surfaces.3.1.10 measurement arraya series of fixed intensity probe
27、positions where each position represents a small subarea of thesub-divided area of a measurement surface.3.1.11 discrete point methoda method of integrating thesound intensity over the entire measurement surface where aseries of stationary microphone positions are chosen to ad-equately sample the te
28、st partition.3.1.12 scanning methoda method of integrating the soundintensity over the entire measurement surface whereby a seriesof subareas are scanned by moving the intensity probe in amethodical fashion to adequately sample the test partition.3.1.13 field indicatorsa series of indicators used to
29、 assessthe quality of the measurement conditions, and ultimately theaccuracy, of the intensity measurement.3.1.13.1 dynamic capability index, Lda measure of theusable dynamic range of an intensity measuring system (whichis a function of the phase mismatch of the system and the biaserror factor, K),
30、expressed in decibels.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue deVaremb, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.E2
31、249 02 (2016)23.1.13.2 surface pressure-intensity indicatorthe differencebetween the sound pressure level, and the normal soundintensity level on the measurement surface, both being timeand surface averaged. F2is used for the discrete point methodand FpIand for the scanning method.3.1.13.3 negative
32、partial power indicator, F3the differ-ence between the average sound pressure level integrated overa measurement surface and signed (accounting for direction)average normal intensity level.3.1.13.4 field non-uniformity indicator, F4 this measure isonly applicable to the discrete point method and ass
33、ess thesuitability of the selected measurement array.NOTE 2The field indicators and criteria used by this standard arebased on those of ISO 9614 and are a more stringent superset of thoserequired by ISO 15186-1. Functional definitions are given in Annex A1and Annex A2.3.1.14 flanking transmissiontra
34、nsmission of sound from asource to a receiving location other than directly through theelement under consideration.3.1.15 sound transmission loss, TLIn a specified fre-quency band, ten times the common logarithm of the ratio ofthe incident sound power, Wi, to the sound power transmittedthough the sp
35、ecimen under test, Wt, expressed in decibels.TL 5 10 log10FWiWtG(7)NOTE 3For this standard, TL is operationally defined by Eq 13 anddiffers from the definitions given in Test Method E90 only in the way thatthe transmitted sound power is estimated.NOTE 4Transmission loss is a property of the specimen
36、 and to a firstapproximation, is independent of the specimen area and dimension.Nevertheless, results of specimens that have significantly different dimen-sions and aspect ratios can vary significantly, especially at lowfrequencies, as this will hinder comparison. It is for this reason that thisstan
37、dard requires a minimum area for the test specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The building element under test is installed between twospaces creating two spaces as conceptually shown in Fig. 1.The source space is a well-defined room satisfying the criteriaof Test Method E90 while the other, the re
38、ceiver room, has nospecific physical requirements for size or absorption condition.It is assumed that the sound field in the source room isapproximately diffuse since the incident sound power isestimated from the space averaged sound pressure level. Thesound power transmitted into the receiver space
39、 is estimatedfrom direct measurement of the radiated sound intensity over ameasurement surface that completely encloses the portion ofthe building element in the receiver room. The transmissionloss of the building element is then estimated using the incidentand transmitted sound powers. Because tran
40、smission loss is afunction of frequency, measurements are made in a series offrequency bands.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to obtain an estimate thetransmission loss of building elements in a laboratory settingwhere the source room and the specimen mounting conditionssatisf
41、y the requirements of Test Method E90. The acceptabilityof the receiving room will be determined by a set of fieldindicators that define the quality and accuracy of the intensityestimate.5.2 By appropriately constructing the surface over whichthe intensity is measured it is possible to selectively e
42、xcludethe influence of sound energy paths including the effects fromjoints, gaps as well as flanking sound paths. This method maybe particularly useful when accurate measurements of a parti-tion can not be made in an Test Method E90 facility becausethe partition sound insulation is limited by flanki
43、ng transmis-sion involving facility source and receiver room surfaces, (forexample, the path from the source room floor to the receiverroom floor via the isolators and the slab supporting the two).Annex A3 discusses this in detail.5.3 The discrete point method allows the mapping of theradiated sound
44、 intensity which can be used to identify defectsor unique features (2) of the partition.5.4 Current research reported in the literature indicate thatthere exists a bias between measures of transmission lossobtained using the intensity technique and those obtained usingthe conventional two room rever
45、beration technique (forexample, Test Method E90, (3) and (4). Appendix E providesestimates of the bias that might be expected. Despite thepresence of a bias, no corrections are to be applied to themeasured data obtained by this test method.6. Test Rooms6.1 Source RoomThe source room shall possess th
46、e fol-lowing properties:6.1.1 It shall comply with the relevant sections of TestMethod E90. In particular, it shall possess the appropriate roomsize, shape, volume, diffusion, absorption characteristics.6.1.2 Flanking paths involving source room surfaces and thespecimen shall be insignificant relati
47、ve to direct transmissionthrough the specimen under test. The procedure and criterionof Annex A3 shall be followed and satisfied.6.2 Receiving Room or SpaceThe receiving room may beany space meeting the requirements for background noise andFIG. 1 Conceptualized Testing Arrangement Showing the Source
48、and Receiving RoomsE2249 02 (2016)3the field indicators and associated field criteria (Annex A1 forthe discrete point method, and Annex A2 for the scanningmethod).7. Test Partitions7.1 Size, Mounting and AgeingSpecimens shall be in-stalled in full compliance with all relevant requirements of TestMet
49、hod E90.8. Test Signal Sound Sources8.1 Signal SpectrumThe sound signals used for these testsshall be in full compliance with the requirements of TestMethod E90.8.2 Sound SourcesThe number, characteristics, orienta-tion and location of loudspeakers shall be in full compliancewith the requirements of Test Method E90.8.3 Standard Test FrequenciesAs a minimum, measure-ments should be made at all of the one-third-octave bandsstated in Test Method E90.9. Measurement Surface9.1 The measurement surface shall define a measurementvolume th
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