1、Designation:E225708E225713 AnAmerican National Standard Standard Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation E2257; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This is a re-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate, under
3、 specied re-exposure conditions, the contribution to room re growth provided by wall or ceiling materials and assemblies, or both. The method is not intended to evaluate the re endurance of assembliesorresoriginatinginthewallassembly.Themethodprovidesameanstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthermalbarriers
4、 in restricting the contribution of combustible materials in the wall assembly to re growth in a room re. 1.3 Thistestmethod,simulatingareinthecornerofa2420by3630mm(8by12ft)roomcontainingasingleopendoorway, provides a means to evaluate the relative performance of specied wall and ceiling materials o
5、r assemblies when they are used together in the same relationship within an enclosure, and simulating the manner in which they will be used. 1.4 This test method is intended to evaluate the contribution to re growth provided by a surface product using a specied ignitionsource.Itshall,however,benoted
6、thatthetype,positionandheatoutputoftheignitionsourcewillconsiderablyinuence re growth. The thermal exposure conditions from the ignition source specied in this method will result in ashover during the 20 min duration for many common nish materials, in particular if specimens are mounted on the walls
7、 and the ceiling (standard conguration). 1.5 This test method provides a means for evaluating wall and ceiling nish materials and assemblies, including panels, tiles, boards, sprayed or brushed coatings, etc. This test method is not intended to evaluate ooring materials or furnishings. 1.6 This meth
8、od shall be used in conjunction with Guide E603, which covers instrumentation and the general effect of various parameters, and Guide E2067, which deals with full-scale oxygen consumption calorimetry. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parenthese
9、s are for information only. 1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in gures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response
10、 of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and ame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for re-hazard or re-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual re conditions. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of
11、the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for
12、personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials E136Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750C 1 Thistestmethodisunderthejurisdicti
13、onofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandardsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.21onSmokeandCombustion Products. Current edition approved March 1, 2008May 1, 2013. Published April 2008June 2013. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2257-03. DOI: 10.1520/E2257-08.1
14、0.1520/E2257-13. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to
15、 provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of
16、 the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States 1E176Terminology of Fire Standards E603Guide for Room Fire Experiments E2067Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Co
17、nsumption Calorimetry Fire Tests 2.2 ISO Standards: ISO 9705Fire TestsReaction to FireRoom Fire Test 3 ISO 13943Fire SafetyVocabulary 3 2.3 NFPA Standards: NFPA 265Standard Method of Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Coverings 4 NFPA 286Standard Method of Tests for E
18、valuating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth 4 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsFor denitions of terms used in this standard, see Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conict, the denitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail. 3.1.1 assembly, na unit or structur
19、e composed of a combination of materials or products, or both. E176 3.1.2 ashover, nthe rapid transitionto a state of total surface involvement in a re of combustible materials within an enclosure. E176 3.1.3 heat ux, nheat transfer to a surface per unit area, per unit time. E176 3.1.4 heat release
20、rate, nthe heat evolved from the specimen per unit time. E176 3.1.5 optical density of smoke, na measure of the attenuation of a light beam through smoke, expressed as the common logarithm of the ratio of the incident ux, I 0 , to the transmitted ux, I. E176 3.1.6 oxygen consumption principle, nthe
21、expression of the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed during combustion and the heat released. E176 3.1.7 smoke,ntheairbornesolidandliquidparticulatesandgasesevolvedwhenamaterialundergoespyrolysisorcombustion. E176 3.1.8 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmission by smoke as me
22、asured by light attenuation. E176 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 specimen, nrepresentative piece of the product, which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment. 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 This method uses a gas burner to produce a diffusion ame in contact wi
23、th the walls and ceiling in the corner of a 2420 by 3630 by 2420 mm (8 by 12 by 8 ft) high room. The burner produces a prescribed net rate of heat output of 100 kW (5690 Btu/min) during the rst 10 min, followed by 300 kW(17060 Btu/min) during the next 10 min.The contribution of the wall and ceiling
24、materials or assemblies to re growth is measured in terms of the time history of the incident heat ux on the center of the oor, the time history of the temperature of the gases in the upper part of the room, the time to ashover, and the rate of heat release.The test is conducted with natural ventila
25、tion to the room provided through a single doorway 780 by 2015 mm (30 by 80 in.) in width and height. The combustion products are collected in a hood feeding into a plenum connected to an exhaust duct in which measurements are made of the gas velocity, temperature, light obscuration, and concentrati
26、ons of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. 5. Signicance and Use 5.1 Thisretestisapplicabletoadescriptionofcertainreperformancecharacteristicsinappraisingwallandceilingmaterials, products,orsystemsunderspeciedre-exposureconditionsinanenclosure.Thetestindicatesthemaximumextentofregrowth in a
27、 room, the rate of heat release, and if they occur, the time to ashover, and the time to ame extension beyond the doorway following ashover. It determines the extent to which the wall and ceiling materials or assemblies contribute to re growth in a room and the potential for re spread beyond the roo
28、m, under the particular conditions simulated. It does not measure the contribution of the room contents. (See Appendix X1, Commentary.) NOTE 1Time to ashover is dened herein as either the time when the radiant ux onto the oor exceeds 20 kW/m 2 or the average temperature of theupperhotgaslayerreaches
29、600C(1100F)oramesexitthedoorwayorspontaneousignitionofapapertargetontheooroccurs.Thespontaneous ignition of a crumpled single sheet of newspaper placed on the oor 0.9 m (3 ft) out from the center of the rear wall provides a visual indication of ashover. 5.1.1 The potential for the spread of re to ot
30、her objects in the room, remote from the ignition source, is evaluated by measurements of: (a) the total heat ux incident on the center of the oor, and (b) a characteristic upper level gas temperature in the room. 3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varemb
31、, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland. 4 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. E225713 25.1.2 The potential for the spread of re to objects outside the room of origin is evaluated by the measurement of the rate of heat re
32、lease of the re. 5.1.3 Measurements of the rate of production of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and visible smoke are taken. 5.1.4 The overall performance of the test specimen is visually documented by full-color photographic records.Video taping of the complete re test is an acceptable alternativ
33、e to the photographic record. Such records show when each area of the test specimen becomes involved in the re. 5.2 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a specic set of laboratory re test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use condit
34、ions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the re test exposure conditions described in this procedure. 6. Ignition Source 6.1 The ignition source for
35、the test shall be a gas burner with a nominal 170 by 170 mm (6.7 by 6.7 in.) porous top surface of a refractory material, as shown in Fig. 1. 6.2 Thetopsurfaceoftheburnerthroughwhichthegasissuppliedshallbelocatedhorizontally,170mm(6.7in.)offtheoor, and the burner enclosure shall be in contact with b
36、oth walls in a corner of the room opposite from the door, and the edge of the diffusion surface shall be ush with the wall. 6.3 The burner shall be supplied with C.P. grade propane (99% purity), with a net heat of combustion of 46.56 0.5 MJ/kg (20000 6 200 Btu/lb.) The gas ow to the burner shall be
37、measured with an accuracy of at least 63%. The ow measuring equipment shall be calibrated per the manufacturers instructions at least once per year. The heat output to the burner shall be controlled within65% of the prescribed value. 6.4 The gas supply to the burner shall produce a net heat output o
38、f 1006 3 kW (56906 170 Btu/min) for the rst 10 min, followed by 3006 10 kW (170606 570 Btu/min) for the next 10 min. NOTE 2This corresponds to a ow of approximately 67.3 L/min at 100 kW, and 202.0 L/min at 300 kW for propane with a net heat of combustion of 46.5 MJ/kg, under standard conditions of 1
39、01 kPa pressure and 20C temperature. 6.5 The burner shall be ignited by a pilot burner or a remotely controlled spark igniter. 6.6 Burner controls shall be provided for automatic gas supply shut-off if ameout occurs. 7. Compartment Geometry and Construction NOTE 3The choices for the size of compartm
40、ent re experiments are discussed in Guide E603.The compartment dimensions and tolerances dened inthissectionhavebeenchosentomakeitconvenienttoutilizebothstandardU.S.size1.22by2.44m(4by8ft)buildingmaterialsorpanelsandstandard 1.2 by 2.4 m panel sizes common outside the U.S. 7.1 The room shall consist
41、 of four walls at right angles, oor, and ceiling and shall have the following inner dimensions: 3630 6 30 mm (12 ft) in length, 24206 20 mm (8 ft) in width, and 24206 20 mm (8 ft) in height (see Fig. 2). The room shall be placed indoors in an essentially draft free, conditioned space, large enough t
42、o ensure that there is no inuence on the test re. In ordertofacilitatethemountingoftheinstrumentsandoftheignitionsource,itisconvenienttoplacethetestroomsothattheoor is accessible from beneath. 7.2 There shall be a doorway in the center of one of the 2420 by 2420 mm (8 by 8 ft) walls, and no other wa
43、ll, oor or ceiling openings that allow ventilation. The doorway shall have the following dimensions: 7806 20 mm (30 in.) in width, and 20156 15 mm (80 in.) in height. 7.3 The test compartment shall be a framed or a concrete-block structure. If the former type of structure is used, the interior walls
44、 and ceiling of the frame shall be lined with gypsum wallboard or calcium silicate board with a density of 500 to 800 kg/m 3 (31 to 50 lb/ft 3 ). The minimum thickness of the lining material shall be 20 mm ( 3 4 in.). 7.4 If self-supporting panels are tested, a separate exterior frame or block compa
45、rtment is not required. 8. Instrumentation in the Fire Room 8.1 The following are minimum requirements for instrumentation for this test. Added instrumentation is desirable for further information. 8.2 Heat Flux: 8.2.1 SpecicationThe total heat ux meters shall be of the Gardon (foil) or the Schmidt-
46、Boelter (thermopile) type with a design range of approximately 50 kW/m 2 (4.4 Btu/ft 2 s).The target receiving radiation, and possibly to a small extent convection, shall be at, circular, not more than 15 mm ( 5 8 in.) in diameter and coated with a durable matt black nish. The target shall be contai
47、nedwithinawater-cooledbodywhosefrontfaceshallbeofhighlypolishedmetal,at,coincidingwiththeplaneofthetarget and circular, with a diameter of not more than 50 mm (2 in.) The heat ux meter shall have an accuracy of at least6 3% and a repeatability within6 0.5%. In operation, the meter shall be maintaine
48、d at a constant temperature, at least 5C above the dew point. E225713 38.2.2 LocationThe heat ux meter shall be mounted at the geometric center of the oor (see Fig. 2). The target area shall be between 5 and 30 mm ( 1 4 and 1 1 4 in.) above the oor surface. 8.2.3 CalibrationThe heat ux meters shall
49、be calibrated at yearly intervals. 8.3 Gas Temperatures: FIG. 1Gas Burner Ignition Source E225713 48.3.1 SpecicationBare Type K Chromel-Alumel thermocouples 0.5 mm (20 mil) in diameter shall be used at each required location. The thermocouple wire, within 13 mm ( 1 2 in.) of the bead, shall be run along expected isotherms (horizontally) to minimize conduction errors. The insulation between the Chromel and Alumel wires shall be stable to at least 1100C (2000
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