ASTM E2260-2003 Standard Guide for Repointing (Tuckpointing) Historic Masonry《砖石建筑古迹重嵌灰缝(砖砌体嵌凸缝)的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: E 2260 03Standard Guide forRepointing (Tuckpointing) Historic Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2260; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide applies only to existing historic masonryconstruction. For purposes of this guide historic masonry isintended to refer to buildings th

3、at have significant historic,architectural, cultural or social meaning and are constructed ofmasonry materials. Similar techniques and evaluation shouldbe employed for non-historic masonry, but are not addressed inthis guide.1.2 This guide outlines procedures for repointing historicmasonry and is in

4、tended to provide guidelines for the user toestablish project-specific requirements for repointing of his-toric masonry.1.3 This guide only pertains to masonry units: brick, terracotta, stone, cast stone, and concrete brick laid in mortar, andmay or may not be appropriate for other masonry units.1.4

5、 This guide addresses repointing (tuckpointing) as de-fined in 3.1.3.1.5 When considering repointing, especially on masonry ofartistic, architectural, cultural, or historical significance, guid-ance from a specialist experienced in historic masonry andrepointing should be sought.1.6 This guide does

6、not address pointing styles or profilesused on masonry or the methods of producing them.1.7 Additional repairs that may impact the structural integ-rity of the masonry may necessitate that a structural stabilityanalysis be completed prior to the execution of any work.1.8 Following this guide may inv

7、olve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regul

8、atory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay Tile2C 140 Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete MasonryUnits2C 170 Test Method for Compressive Strength of NaturalBuilding Stone3C 270 Specification for Mor

9、tar for Unit Masonry2C 780 Method for Pre-construction and Construction Evalu-ation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry2C 1072 Test Method for Measurement of Masonry FlexuralBond Strength2C 1324 Test Method for Examination andAnalysis of Hard-ened Masonry Mortar2E 631 Terminology of Bui

10、lding Construction4E 1857 Guide for Selection of Cleaning Techniques forMasonry, Concrete, and Stucco Surfaces52.2 Other Referenced Documents:ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 Specifications for MasonryStructuresLondon, M., Masonry: How to Care for Old and HistoricBrick and Stone, The Preservation Press, Was

11、hington, DC,1988“The Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the Treatmentof Historic Properties,” U.S. Department of the Interior,National Park Service, Preservation Assistance Division,Washington, DC, revised 1995McKee, H. J., “Introduction to Early American Masonry:Stone, Brick, Mortar, and Plas

12、ter,” The National Trust,Washington, DC, 1973.Technical Note 7F, “Moisture Resistance of Brick MasonryMaintenance,” Brick Industry Association (BIA), Reston,VA, Reissued October 1998Technical Note 1, “All-Weather Construction,” Brick Indus-try Association (BIA), Reston, VA, Revised March 1992“Prepar

13、ation and Use of Lime Mortars: An Introduction tothe Principles of Using Lime Mortars,” Historic Scotland,Edinburgh, Scotland, 1998Oats, J. A. H., Lime and LimestoneChemistry and Tech-nology, Production and Uses, Wiley-VCH, New York,1998Mack, R. C., and Spewick, J. P., Preservation Brief #2,“Repoint

14、ing Mortar Joints in Historic Brick Buildings,”National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,Washington, DC, 19981This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.24 on BuildingPreservation and Rehabil

15、itation Technology.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published March 2003.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.12.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive

16、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Weaver, M., Conserving Buildings: A Guide to Techniquesand Materials, John Wiley this improves cure and bond strength. No standingwater should be visible in the joint.10.3 Preparation of Mortar:10.3.1 Mix dry mortar materials first. Add

17、enough water todry materials such that the mortar can be pressed into a ball byhand.10.3.2 Establish a period of prehydration of the repointingmortar. Prehydrate the mortar by mixing the dry materials withjust enough water to allow the mortar to be formed into a ballby hand. The prehydrated mortar s

18、hould then be allowed tostand for not less than one hour, nor more than one and one halfhour (BIA Technical Note 7F). Prehydration helps to reduceshrinkage cracks in the mortar joints. Adjust prehydration timeas necessary depending on weather conditions.10.3.3 After the prehydration period, mix mort

19、ar materialswith only enough water to be workable.10.3.4 Use mortar within two hours of final mixing.10.3.5 Adding additional water to the mortar to maintainworkability, known as retempering, can be performed duringthe two-hour period. Retempering of pigmented mortar maychange the color of the morta

20、r.10.4 Placement of Repointing Mortar:10.4.1 Manually insert repointing mortar into open joints.Fill the joints in three successive layers.10.4.2 Joints with significant voids should have mortarplaced into the void to partially fill the joint and be allowed toset. Subsequently, the joint should be p

21、ointed to the specifieddepth with at least two more layers of mortar.10.4.3 Compact each layer by striking with a compactiontool prior to placement of the next layer of mortar.10.4.4 Apply successive lifts and tool mortar joints whenthe repointing has achieved initial set.10.4.5 Selection of joint p

22、rofile should be made with con-sideration of the original profile, the amount and visualappearance of the existing mortar to remain, and the perfor-mance of the mortar joint as a function of its profile.NOTE 3Compression of the mortar during tooling makes concave,vee, and grapevine joints more weath

23、er-tight than rakes, flush, extruded,weathered, beaded, or struck joints.10.5 Curing and Protection:10.5.1 Cure new pointing lime-putty and non-lime-puttymortar in accordance with accepted procedures. Curing tech-niques are not covered in this guide.10.5.2 Clean any excess mortar from the face of ma

24、sonrywith water or the least aggressive effective technique. Thecleaning technique used should not have adverse effects on thesurfaces, substrates, related components, and adjacent surfaces.Cleaning should be performed when the mortar has reachedinitial set, but can still be removed. The timing of t

25、he cleaningshould be assessed during the preparation of the test areas.10.6 Protect the work from weather and construction activi-ties during and after the work until the mortar has cured.Curing time will vary depending on weather conditions.11. Visual Inspection of the Work11.1 Visual inspection of

26、 repointing procedures and materi-als should be required at regular intervals during the executionof the work. Visual inspection of completed areas and com-parison to approved samples and test areas should be madeunder similar lighting and exposure conditions. If cleaning themasonry after repointing

27、 is required, such cleaning should beconducted prior to a final visual evaluation of the work. Overallconsistency of color, joint configuration, and general appear-ance should be evaluated by visual inspection.12. Keywords12.1 historic masonry; mortar; pointing; repointing;tuckpointingASTM Internati

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31、s, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E2260034