1、Designation: E2270 05E2270 13Standard Practice forPeriodic Inspection of Building Facades for UnsafeConditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard practice describescovers methods and procedures for inspection, evaluation, and reporting for periodicins
3、pection of building facades for unsafe conditions. In the context of this standard,practice, unsafe conditions are hazards causedby or resulting from loss of facade material.1.2 This standard practice does not purport to address the nature of deterioration of various building facade materials nor th
4、eperformance of their assemblies. It is the responsibility of the owner to retain a qualified professional who can demonstrateexpertise in the evaluation of various facade materials and their assemblies.1.3 Investigative techniques discussed may be intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the re
5、sponsibility of the qualifiedprofessional to anticipate, advise on the nature of procedures, and to plan for implementing repair as necessary.1.4 It is the responsibility of the specifying authority to establish the usage of this standard practice and to supplement thisstandardpractice with addition
6、al requirements suitable to its local jurisdiction. It is also the responsibility of the specifyingauthority to determine compliance with local licensing regulations and customary practices.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
7、mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the res
8、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Awareness of safety andfamiliarity with safe procedures are particularly important for above-ground operations on facades and destructi
9、ve investigativeprocedures, which typically are associated with the work described.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building Constructions3. Terminology3.1 Refer to Terminology E631.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 categories of facade conditions:3.2.1.1 ordinary maintenancea cond
10、ition identified at the time of inspection that is not characterized as an “unsafe condition”or “requires repair/stabilization,” but requires maintenance.3.2.1.2 requires repair/stabilizationa condition identified at the time of inspection that shall be repaired or stabilized in orderto prevent prog
11、ression into an “unsafe condition” prior to the next scheduled inspection.NOTE 1The immediacy of actions to address conditions requiring repair other than unsafe conditions is highly variable and should be determinedby the owner. Such determination may require more detailed investigation than addres
12、sed herein to assess the urgency of such action.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.55 on Exterior BuildingWall SystemsPerformance of Building Enclosures.Current edition approved March 1, 2005
13、Nov. 1, 2013. Published March 2005November 2013. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032005as E2270 03.E2270 05. DOI: 10.1520/E2270-05.10.1520/E2270-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
14、. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit m
15、ay not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
16、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1.3 unsafe conditiona condition identified at the time of inspection of a component or system that presents an imminentthreat of harm, injury, damage, or loss to persons or property.3.2.2 facadeall areas on the exterior of t
17、he building, except for horizontal roof areas. The facade includes all exterior walls,windows, balconies, cornices, parapets, and appurtenances. The facade also includes walls supported at roof level, such aspenthouse walls, chimneys, and so forth.3.2.3 facade agenumber of years since the original C
18、ertificate of Occupancy for building was issued, or since entire facadereplacement.3.2.4 facade inspection categorycategory assigned to building facade based on the facade material, construction, age, andinspection level/extent required, as outlined in Annex A1 of this document.3.2.5 facade inspecti
19、on reporta detailed documentation of qualified professionals findings, observations, discussions,conclusions, and recommendations about the subject building facades.3.2.6 levels of facade inspections:3.2.6.1 detailed inspectionvisual observation from less than 6 ft (1.8 m) and tactile evaluation of
20、facade components,including probing and non-destructive testing to observe concealed conditions of wall construction.3.2.6.2 general inspectionvisual observation of facade components from distances equal to or greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) withor without magnification or remote optical devices.3.2.7 mai
21、ntenance personnelpersonnel who have been involved in maintenance of the subject building facades.3.2.8 non-destructive testing (NDT)a test that causes no significant structural damage to building components.3.2.9 ownerthe owner, agent, manager, or person in charge, of possession, operation, or mana
22、gement of the building, or anycombination thereof.3.2.10 probedisassembly/removal of selective portions of a facade to observe concealed conditions of wall construction.3.2.11 public access areaany sidewalk, street, alley, park, plaza, playground, schoolyard or other area that is open andaccessible
23、to the public, regardless of whether it is publicly or privately owned.3.2.12 qualified inspectora qualified professional or a person working under the direct supervision of a qualified professional.3.2.13 qualified professionalan architect or civil/structural engineer duly licensed. The qualified p
24、rofessional must beknowledgeable of the design, construction, and inspection of building facades, stability, and deterioration mechanisms relating tothe specific materials and assemblies particular to the facade being inspected.3.2.4 qualified inspectora qualified professional or a person working un
25、der the direct supervision of a qualified professional.3.2.5 maintenance personnelpersonnel who have been involved in maintenance of the subject building facades.3.2.6 ownerthe owner, agent, manager, or person in charge, of possession, operation, or management of the building, or anycombination ther
26、eof.3.2.14 specifying authorityparty requiring inspection of a building facade.NOTE 2The specifiyingspecifying authority may be a governmental body.3.2.8 levels of facade inspections:3.2.8.1 general inspectionvisual observation of facade components from distances equal to or greater than 6 ft (1.8 m
27、) withor without magnification or remote optical devices.3.2.8.2 detailed inspectionvisual observation from less than 6 ft (1.8 m) and tactile evaluation of facade components,including probing and non-destructive testing to observe concealed conditions of wall construction.3.2.9 probedisassembly/rem
28、oval of selective portions of a facade to observe concealed conditions of wall construction.3.2.10 non-destructive testing (NDT)a test that causes no significant structural damage to building components.3.2.11 facade agenumber of years since the original Certificate of Occupancy for building was iss
29、ued, or since entire facadereplacement.3.2.15 watertight integritythe means a facade employs to prevent water intrusion to areas or materials where water intrusionis not intended.3.2.13 categories of facade conditions:3.2.13.1 unsafe conditiona condition identified at the time of inspection of a com
30、ponent or system that presents an imminentthreat of harm, injury, damage, or loss to persons or property.3.2.13.2 requires repair/stabilizationa condition identified at the time of inspection that shall be repaired or stabilized in orderto prevent progression into an “unsafe condition” prior to the
31、next scheduled inspection.NOTE 2The immediacy of actions to address conditions requiring repair other than unsafe conditions is highly variable and should be determinedby the owner. Such determination may require more detailed investigation than addressed herein to assess the urgency of such action.
32、E2270 1323.2.13.3 ordinary maintenancea condition identified at the time of inspection that is not characterized as an “unsafe condition”or “requires repair/stabilization,” but requires maintenance.3.2.14 facade inspection reporta detailed documentation of qualified professionals findings, observati
33、ons, discussions,conclusions, and recommendations about the subject building facades.3.2.15 facade inspection categorycategory assigned to building facade based on the facade material, construction, age, andinspection level/extent required, as outlined in Annex A1 of this document.4. Significance an
34、d Use4.1 IntentThis standard practice is intended to establish the minimum requirements for conducting periodic inspections ofbuilding facades to identify unsafe conditions that could cause harm to persons and property. It addresses the required content ofthe facade inspection to convey to the speci
35、fying authority the condition of the facade and allow comparisons of facade conditionsat other times. Facade Inspection reports conducted and prepared as outlined in this standard practice will provide specifyingauthorities the information necessary to mitigate the threat of harm, injury, damage, or
36、 loss to persons or property from unsafeconditions on subject facades.4.2 Need for Periodic Facade InspectionsDue to age, lack of maintenance, design or construction errors, or a combinationof these factors, building facades deteriorate. Based on the knowledge gained about the performance of buildin
37、g facades throughinvestigation and research, governing authorities, owners, and qualified professionals are becoming more aware of potential unsafeconditions on building facades that if unaddressed, can jeopardize public safety and surrounding properties.4.3 Facade Service HistoryFacades require per
38、iodic maintenance and repairs to extend their useful life and to minimize and/orcorrect problems.As a part of any facade inspection, facade service history shall be reviewed because: (1) it may indicate patternsof leakage or other performance problems leading to concealed damage and an unsafe condit
39、ion; (2) it may show a poorlyconceived or improperly implemented maintenance or repair procedure that can contribute and aggravate unsafe conditions; and(3) it is necessary to distinguish between original construction and subsequent repairs or modifications during the inspectionprocess and help iden
40、tify the source of potential problems.4.4 Who Shall Perform the InspectionFacade inspection shall be performed by a qualified inspector familiar with the availableservice history and the available design documents relevant to the building facade. The qualified inspector shall be capable ofassessing
41、both the watertight integrity and exterior conditions of the building facade to evaluate and identify potential unsafeconditions. The qualified professional who seals and signs the report shall also oversee all work of the qualified inspector and theinspection process.4.5 Facades Requiring Inspectio
42、nThose facades as determined by the specifying Aauthorityauthority that pose a potentialthreat of harm, injury, damage or loss to persons or property.4.6 Frequency, extent, and the required level of facade inspections are dependent on facade age, material, and construction.4.7 Observed facade defici
43、encies shall be categorized and documented in Facade Inspection Report as “unsafe condition,”“requires repair/stabilization,” or “ordinary maintenance.”4.8 LimitationsDue to the construction techniques and physical properties of the many materials used in facade construction,and the inherent limitat
44、ions on detecting concealed facade distress based on limited observation and probes, conducting a facadeinspection does not assure that all unsafe conditions will be identified.FACADE INSPECTION PROCEDURE5. Overview5.1 The following sequence of activities is intended to lead to an accumulation of in
45、formation in a rational and efficient manner,so that each step enhances and supplements the information gathered in the preceding step. Each activity is discussed in sectionsbelow:SectionReview of Project Documents 6Preparation of Inspection Drawings 7Determination of Service History 8Assessment of
46、Watertight Integrity 9Facade Inspection 10Reporting Procedures for Unsafe Conditions 11Standard Reporting Procedures 12Maintenance of Reports 13Frequency, Extent, and the Required Level of PeriodicInspection of Building Facades for Unsafe ConditionsAnnex A1Detailed Assessment of Water Tightness Inte
47、grity ofExterior FacadesAppendix X1E2270 1336. Review of Project Documents6.1 Review available project documents provided by the Owner, including original architectural, structural, and shop drawings.6.2 The qualified inspector shall verify that such documents pertain to the subject building facades
48、.6.3 Building facades, especially historic and older buildings, may have been detailed in accordance with common practices ofthe time. Such information may be available in building construction and design reference books dating back to the originalconstruction of the facade.7. Preparation of Inspect
49、ion Drawings7.1 Prior to beginning the facade inspection, the qualified inspector shall oversee the acquisition or development of sufficientdrawings for documentation of the inspection findings.7.2 As a minimum, the following information shall be included:7.2.1 Plot plan showing relationship to adjacent properties and publicly accessible areas,7.2.2 Ground level floor plan,7.2.3 Supplemental floor plans if the footprint changes between the ground and roof,7.2.4 Elevation drawings of the facades to be inspected,7.2.5 Penthouse level/mai
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