ASTM E2301-2012(2017) Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and.pdf

1、Designation: E2301 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDaytime Colorimetric Properties of FluorescentRetroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for HighVisibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety ApplicationsUsing 45:Normal Geometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation

2、E2301; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapp

3、roval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measure-ment of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values,luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) offluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materialswhen illuminated by daylight.1.2 This test method is generall

4、y applicable to any sheetingor marking material having combined fluorescent and retrore-flective properties used for daytime high visibility trafficcontrol and personal safety applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in

5、thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations

6、 prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techni

7、calBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Properti

8、esof MaterialsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1767 Practic

9、e for Specifying the Geometries of Observa-tion and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance ofMaterialsE2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of FluorescentObjects from Bispectral Photometric DataE2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Datafor Evaluation of Fluorescent Color2.2 CIE D

10、ocument:CIE 15:2004 Colorimetry33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions contained in Guide E179,Terminology E284, and Practice E1164 are applicable to thistest method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring thecolorimetric properties of fluorescent-retro

11、reflective sheetingand markings under simulated daylight illumination. Colori-metric properties are determined for CIE D65, which approxi-mates outdoor illumination at midday, and Daylight 15 000 K,which is an alternate D illuminant chosen to represent lowambient light/dawn/dusk daylight illuminatio

12、n conditions (seeCIE 15:2004).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.05 onFluorescence.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edit

13、ion approved in 2012 as E2301 12. DOI:10.1520/E2301-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Av

14、ailable from CIE (International Commission on Illumination) atwww.cie.co.at or .Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stand

15、ardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.2 This test method requires the use of a calibrated bispec-trometer (two-monochromator

16、spectrometer) with either 45:0or 0:45 geometry that can measure the specimens Donaldsonmatrix (see Practice E2153).4.3 This test method provides for calculation and reportingof separated fluorescence, reflectance and total tristimulusvalues (XYZ) and luminance factors (Y, %), and total chroma-ticity

17、 coordinates (x,y) from the Donaldson matrix for the CIE1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtainingtristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordi-nates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colo-rim

18、etry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.5.2 The CIE 1931 (2) standard observer is used to calculatethe colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheet-ing and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic controland personal safety applications because in practice thesemat

19、erials are primarily viewed from a distance where theysubtend less than 4 of the visual field.5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimensof any gloss level.5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materialsthe colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computercolora

20、nt formulation.5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing offluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.NOTE 1Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance componentsfrom the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningfulinformation to evaluate indepen

21、dently the luminescent and diffuse reflec-tive efficiency and consistency of these materials.5.6 This test method is the referee method for determiningthe conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting andmarking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifica-tions.6. Apparatus6.1 Bispect

22、rometer, with either 45:0 or 0:45 (illumination-:viewing) geometry.6.1.1 The tolerance on the inclination of the 45-degree axisshall be 2 degrees (45 6 2 degrees).6.1.2 The tolerance on the 0-degree axis shall be 2 degreesfrom the normal (0 6 2 degrees).NOTE 2For maximum reproducibility smaller tole

23、rances on the axisangles are recommended.6.1.3 For the 45:0 condition, the illumination geometry maybe annular, circumferential or uniplanar and the viewing shallbe normal to the specimen. For the 0:45 condition, theillumination shall be normal to the specimen and the viewinggeometry may be annular,

24、 circumferential or uniplanar.6.1.4 The referee geometry shall be annular 45:0.NOTE 3Reciprocity between 45:0 and 0:45 geometry for commercialinstruments may not be observed in practice for retroreflective materialsbecause of the variation in axis angles and aperture sizes of instruments.6.1.4.1 Cir

25、cumferential instruments are acceptable providedthe procedure described in 9.3.1 is followed.6.1.4.2 Uniplanar instruments are acceptable provided theprocedure described in 9.3.2 is followed.6.1.5 The referee aperture sizes shall be 10 degrees forillumination and 10 degrees for viewing. Use of apert

26、ure sizesdeviating from these may affect the measurement results. SeePractice E1767 for fundamentals of specification of apertures.NOTE 4Fluorescent colorimetric properties (for example, Fluores-cence tristimulus values (XYZ)F) are not significantly influenced by theaperture sizes. Reflectance color

27、imetric properties (for example, Reflec-tance tristimulus values (XYZ)R) may be greatly affected by aperture sizes.Consequently total colorimetric properties (for example, Total tristimulusvalues (XYZ)T) may be greatly affected.6.1.6 The illumination monochromator shall illuminate thespecimen over t

28、he wavelength range from 300 to 780 nm atintervals of 10 nm or less.6.1.7 The viewing monochromator shall detect the speci-men radiance over the wavelength range from 380 to 780 nmat intervals of 10 nm or less.6.1.8 The minimum illuminated sample area shall be 100mm2with no dimension less than 5 mm.

29、6.2 Calibration Standards, as outlined in Practice E2153,supplied by the instrument manufacturer or obtainedseparately, with calibration values no older than 24 months.6.3 Verification StandardsVerification of the precision andbias of the entire system, including calculation of tristimulusvalues, sh

30、all be conducted on an annual basis using non-retroreflective/non-fluorescent, fluorescent/non-retroreflectiveand fluorescent retroreflective color standards with calibrationvalues traceable to an accredited National Standards Labora-tory. The calibration values for the verification panels shall ben

31、o older than 36 months.NOTE 5Stable fluorescent/non-retroreflective and fluorescent retrore-flective color artifact standards are not widely available as StandardReference Materials (SRMs). However, measurement services are avail-able from Independent Testing Laboratories and National StandardsLabor

32、atories to calibrate artifacts for use as Verification Standards.7. Test Specimen7.1 Specimen Preparations:7.1.1 Samples shall be tested mounted on the substrate thatwill be utilized for the intended application. Apply the sampleto the substrate in accordance with the recommendations of thematerials

33、 manufacturer.7.1.2 If the sample is not supplied with its intendedsubstrate, or if the intended substrate is not defined, then thesample shall be mounted or backed by a black panel, such as ablack tile. The black panel shall have a luminance factor (Y)ofless than 4 %.NOTE 6The measurement results w

34、ill depend upon the spectralreflectance properties of the material behind the specimen as well as thespecimen thickness.7.1.3 Specimens should be uniform in physical propertiesover the area measured.7.1.4 Number of Test SpecimensMeasurements shall bemade on a minimum of 3 test specimens.E2301 12 (20

35、17)27.1.5 Specimens that have been subjected to additionaltesting, such as outdoor or machine exposure testing, shall betested on the substrate used for these additional tests.7.2 Test ConditionsUnless otherwise specified, conditionall test specimens at a temperature of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5%relative h

36、umidity for 24 h prior to testing.7.3 SamplingUnless otherwise specified test samples shallbe selected according to the following sampling plan.7.3.1 Sheeting for Traffc Control ApplicationsTestsamples shall be cut from 1 m2of sheeting. The test samplesshall be cut from the lower left corner, center

37、 and upper rightcorner of the sheeting as shown in Fig. 1. This insures testsamples reflect crossweb and downweb variability of thesheeting.7.3.1.1 For materials manufactured in widths less than 1 mthe size of the sample shall be such that the width times thelength shall equal 1 m2(that is, length w

38、idth=1m2). Anexample is shown in Fig. 1B.7.3.2 Marking Materials for Personal Safety ApplicationsTest samples shall be cut from a 2 m length by sample width ofmaterial as shown in Fig. 2. Test samples shall be cut from thebeginning, middle and end of the 2 m long length of testmaterial. This insures

39、 test samples reflect variability of themarking material.7.3.3 Materials Subjected to Outdoor ExposureSamplingof materials subjected to outdoor exposure shall conform tothese sampling requirements to the extent practical based onthe number and size of the exposed test specimen.8. Calibration and Ver

40、ification8.1 Calibrate the bispectrometer in accordance with PracticeE2153,or8.2 Verify the accuracy of the instrumental data by measure-ment of a series of calibrated verification standards.9. Procedure9.1 Handle the specimen carefully; avoid touching the areato be measured.9.2 Clean the specimen p

41、rior to measurement as necessary,for example when measuring specimens that have been sub-jected to outdoor or machine exposure testing.9.2.1 Washing PanelsGently wash the panels using a softcloth or sponge and clean water or a dilute solution (1 % byweight in water, maximum concentration) of a mild

42、detergent.After washing, rinse thoroughly with clean water, and blot drywith a soft clean cloth.After washing and drying, condition thepanels at room temperature for at least 2 h prior to conductingany property measurements.9.3 Position the test specimen at the measurement port ofthe instrument.9.3.

43、1 If the measurement geometry is circumferential, thenthe testing laboratory must verify that the apertures in the ringare sufficiently close for the measurement to approximatemeasurement with annular geometry. This may depend on theoptical construction of the specimen, and must be determinedby the

44、testing laboratory. Otherwise treat the instrument as auniplanar geometry (see 9.3.2).9.3.2 If the measurement geometry is uniplanar, then asequence of measurements shall be made on the same speci-men area at incremental rotations, and the measurement valuesshall be averaged over all the rotations.

45、The number ofrotations must be sufficient to assure good approximation to anannular measurement. The number depends on the opticalconstruction of the specimen and must be determined by thetesting laboratory. The averaging over rotations shall beapplied to the values in the Donaldson matrix.9.4 Obtai

46、n the illuminant independent Donaldson matrix foreach test specimen at illumination and viewing samplingintervals of no greater than 10 nm (see Practice E2153 and theinstrument manufacturers instructions).10. Calculation10.1 Tristimulus Values:10.1.1 Tristimulus Values for CIE D65Calculate the indi-

47、vidual Total tristimulus values (XYZ)T, Reflectance tristimulusvalues (XYZ)Rand Fluorescence tristimulus values (XYZ )Fforeach test specimen from the respective Donaldson matrix forthe CIE 1931 Standard Observer and CIE D65 (see PracticeE2152).10.1.1.1 Calculate the averages and standard deviations

48、forthe individual tristimulus values (X, Y, and Z) for eachcomponent (Total, Reflectance, and Fluorescence) for CIE D65for each set of test specimens:Total tristimulus values: XT-average = ( XT)/n; YT-average=( YT)/n; ZT-average = ( ZT)/n);Reflectance tristimulus values: XR-average = ( XR)/n;YR-aver

49、age = ( YR)/n; ZR-average = ( ZR)/n);Fluorescence tristimulus values: XF-average = ( XF)/n;YF-average = ( YF)/n; ZF-average = ( ZF)/nFIG. 1 Test SamplesE2301 12 (2017)310.1.2 Tristimulus Values for Daylight 15 000 KCalculatethe individual Total tristimulus values (XYZ)T, Reflectancetristimulus values (XYZ)Rand Fluorescence tristimulus values(XYZ)Ffor each test specimen from the respective Donaldsonmatrix for the CIE 1931 Standard Observer and Daylight15 000 K (see Practice E2152).10.1.2.1 The spectral power distribution for Day