1、Designation: E 2316 03e1Standard Test Method forDetermination of Particles Resulting from the Attrition ofGranular Pesticides1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2316; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESections 11 and 12 were editorially corrected in July 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine
3、 the amount andparticle size distribution curve of particles with diameter 106micrometers or smaller resulting from the attrition of granularpesticides.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
4、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatement, see Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-posesE 725 Test Me
5、thod for Sampling Granular Carriers andGranular Pesticides2.2 CIPAC Standard:CIPAC Test Method MT 18733. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 finesa synonym for particles with diameter of 106micrometers or smaller.3.1.2 micron and msynonyms for micrometer.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The initial weight
6、of a test sample of granular pesticideis determined. The sample is then air jet sieved using 106micron openings to remove the inherent fines. The fines-freegranules are then combined with glass beads in a glass jar, thelid is placed on the jar, and the jar is placed on a roller systemwith a drive be
7、d capable of rotating the jar at a known rpm.After rolling for a specified time period, the jar is removedfrom the rollers and the contents of the jar are poured througha sieve sized to remove the glass beads. The sample minus theglass beads is again air jet sieved using 106micron openings toremove
8、the fines attrited during the rolling of the jar. The totalof particles smaller than 106microns for the test sample is theinherent fines plus the attrited fines. The particle size distribu-tion curve of the combined inherent and attrited fines isdetermined by laser light diffraction using CIPAC Test
9、 MethodMT 187.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed specifically for granularpesticide formulations.5.2 This test method helps provide information on healthhazards likely to arise from exposures by the inhalation route.It can be of use in selecting dose levels for chronic studies a
10、ndfor establishing safety criteria for human exposure.5.3 The amount of fines determined by this method is ameasure of potential inhalation and respiration toxicity becausethe hazards of inhaled solid substances are influenced byphysical factors such as particle size.6. Apparatus6.1 Roller System, t
11、wo or more rollers with a drive bed,capable of rotating the specified glass jar at 75 6 15 rpm.6.2 Glass Jar, with lid, capacity 500 mL, outer diameter8 cm, height 15 cm.6.3 Glass Beads, diameter 4.0 6 0.2 mm, bulk density 1.5g/cc.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onP
12、esticides and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
13、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The size distribution of the particles with sieve diameter less than 106m isdetermined by laser light diffraction using CIPAC Test Method MT 187.1Copyrigh
14、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 Micron Air Jet Sieve, with GAZ 125 cyclone finescollector or Alpine Air Jet Sieve, with GAZ 125 cyclone finescollector,4or equivalent.6.5 Sieves, U.S. standard series conforming to Specifica
15、tionE 11, diameter 8 in. (203 mm), height 2 in. (51 mm): 10-mesh(2 mm openings), 140-mesh (106m openings).NOTE 1The amount of particles with sieve diameter 106m orsmaller is determined by sieving.6.6 Balance, sensitivity of 0.01 g.6.7 Hygrometer, minimum range of 25 to 95 % relativehumidity.6.8 Appa
16、ratus specified in CIPAC Test Method MT 187.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Granular pesticide to be tested.7.2 Reagents and materials specified in CIPAC Test MethodMT 187.8. Hazards8.1 Before testing, read the precautionary statements on theproduct label and the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).Take
17、proper precautions to prevent skin contact and inhalationof the fines. Take care to prevent contamination of thesurrounding area. Always wear the appropriate safety equip-ment and, where indicated, wear respiratory devices approvedby the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) fo
18、r the product being tested.8.2 Storage, handling, and disposal of test pesticides shouldbe done with consideration for health and environmentalsafety, and in accordance with federal, state, and local regula-tions.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units9.1 See Test Method E 725 for proper samplin
19、g practicesand procedures to reduce a gross sample to a representative,suitable size for this test method.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 For all apparatus, see manufacturers instructions forproper calibration, operation, and maintenance.11. Procedure11.1 The test sample should be 15 g, nominal. Th
20、e exactamount of each sample should be recorded for use in necessarycalculations.11.2 Weigh the test sample to the nearest 0.01 g (15 gnominal) and record as W (granules plus inherent inhalableparticles).11.3 Weigh the cyclone collection jar to the nearest 0.01 gand record as J1. Attach the jar to t
21、he apparatus.11.4 Measure and record the relative humidity of the air thatwill come in contact with the granules. In the absence ofhumidity controlled air, the air of concern will be the air of theroom in which the tests are performed.11.5 Place the 106m sieve in the air jet manifold of theMicron Ai
22、r Jet Sieve or Alpine Air Jet Sieve. Gently transferthe entire test sample to the sieve and put the sieve cover inplace. Set the timer for 3 min. Start the vacuum and adjust thevacuum gauge to read 7 to 9 in. of water (1.7 to 2.4 kPa).During the sieving period, material adhering to the sieve coveror
23、 sieve sides may be loosened by use of tapping or by use oftrace amounts of anti-static compound.11.6 After sieving, determine to the nearest 0.01 g theweight of granules retained on the sieve and record the weightas R1 (granules minus inherent fines).11.7 Determine to the nearest 0.01 g the weight
24、of thecyclone collection jar plus inherent fines and record the weightas J2. Leave the fines in the jar. Reattach the jar to theapparatus.11.8 Calculate the weight per cent, to the nearest 0.1 %, ofthe inherent fines (IF) as determined by the weight of the finescollected in the jar. Use the followin
25、g formula:% IF 5 J2 2 J1! 4 W# 3 100 (1)11.9 Transfer all the granules (R1) from the 106m sieveinto the 500 mL jar. Add an equal weight (6 1 g) of glassbeads. Place the lid on the jar.11.10 Place the jar on the roller. Measure the rotationalspeed of the jar, which must be 75 6 15 rpm. Calculate thet
26、ime period needed for 4500 revolutions, using the followingformula:Time period 5 4500 4 measured rpm of the jar (2)11.11 Rotate the jar for 4500 6 10 revolutions. Record thetime period and rpm with the data. With the rpm held constant,this time period should be used for all subsequent tests.11.12 Re
27、move the jar from the roller.11.13 Again, place the 106m sieve in the air jet manifoldof the Air Jet Sieve. Place the 2 mm sieve on top of the 106msieve.11.14 Gently pour the contents of the jar onto the 2 mmsieve.5Be sure any material adhering to the jar wall istransferred from the jar. Be sure any
28、 material adhering to theglass beads retained on the 2 mm sieve is loosened and passesonto the 106m sieve below.11.15 Remove the 2 mm sieve and place the sieve cover onthe 106m sieve. Set the timer for 3 min. Start the vacuum andadjust the vacuum gauge to read 7 to 9 in. of water (1.7 to 2.4kPa). Ma
29、terial adhering to the sieve cover or sieve sides maybe loosened by tapping or by use of trace amounts of anti-staticcompound.11.16 Determine to the nearest 0.01 g the weight of thecyclone collection jar containing the combined inherent finesplus attrited fines and record the weight as J3.11.17 Calc
30、ulate the weight percent, to the nearest 0.1 %, ofthe total fines (TF) as determined by the weight of the fines inthe jar. Use the following formula:% TF 5 J3 2 J1! 4 W# 3 100 (3)4The Micron Air Jet Sieve and the Alpine Air Jet Sieve use the same principleof design and working components. Both are p
31、roducts of Hosokawa MicronInternational of New York. The GAZ 125 cyclone fines collector is an accessory.5A sieve with openings that will retain the glass beads but allow the granules topass through must be used, and a reasonable size for most granular pesticides is 2mm. If needed, a sieve with open
32、ings larger than 2 mm can be used.E231603e1211.18 Save the total fines (inherent plus attrited) from thecyclone collection jar for particle size distribution analysis bylaser light diffraction using CIPAC Test Method MT 187.311.19 Clean and dry the sieves, glass beads, roller jar, andcyclone collect
33、ion jar.11.20 Repeat the test, 11.1 through 11.19, two more timesusing fresh samples.11.21 Combine the collection of (3) total fines.11.22 Analyze the combined total fines from 11.21 forparticle size distribution by CIPAC Test Method MT 187.12. Report12.1 Report the average of three (3) test sample
34、results.Table 1 is a guide for reporting.12.1.1 Report the particle size results of the combined totalfines as follows:12.1.1.1 Particle size: d (10%), d (50%) and d (90%).12.1.1.2 Particle size distribution printout.13. Precision and Bias13.1 When the set of three test results yields an average of0
35、.9 to 1.1 % fines, any two of the three must not differ morethan 25 % from each other. Below this level of fines, theallowable variation increases significantly, while above thislevel it decreases significantly. Limits for these have not beenassigned.13.2 This test method does not contain pass/fail
36、limits. Theymust be set by the test method user in accordance with thepurposes for using the test.13.3 Increasing the size of the test sample to more than thenominal 15 g specified will increase the variability in the testresults.13.4 Particle size distribution analysis by light diffractionrequires
37、a minimum weight of fines which, in most cases, willbe 0.3 g.14. Keywords14.1 attrition; exposure; granular pesticide; health hazard;inhalation; inhalation particles; inhalation toxicity; particle sizedistributionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asser
38、ted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
39、the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receiv
40、e careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Intern
41、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Weight % Particles with Diameter 106Microns orSmaller (Fines)SampleSample Weight,gInherent Fines,Wt %Attrited Fines,Wt %Total Fines,Wt %123AverageE231603e13
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