1、Designation: E 2322 03Standard Test Method forConducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests onPanels used in Floor and Roof Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures fordetermining the structural propert
3、ies of segments of floor androof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 5Loading 6Deformation Measurements 7Report 8Precision and Bias 9Testing FloorsTransverse Load 10Concentrated Load 11Testing RoofsTransverse Load 12Concentrated Load 131.2 Metric units (SI) are to be considered as the primarystandar
4、d units.1.3 These test methods serve to evaluate the performance offloors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and(2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditionssustained in the actual performance of the element. Thestandard is not intended for the evaluation of individuals
5、tructural framing and/or supporting members (floor joist,rafters and trusses).1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.5 Th
6、is standard is not intended to cover concrete floorslabs.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
7、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of HydraulicCement MortarsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE72 Method of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels forBuilding ConstructionE 73 Method of Te
8、sting Truss AssembliesE 196 Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and LowSlope RoofsE 455 Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor orRoof Diaphragm Constructions for BuildingsE 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-s
9、embliesE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStatic and Impact LoadsE 695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Constructions to Impact LoadsE 1592 Test Method for
10、Structural Performance of SheetMetal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static AirPressure Difference3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to E 631 for definitions of termsused in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 Transverse LoadThe procedures outlined will serve toevaluate the performance
11、of floor and roof segments fordeflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performancecriteria based on data from these procedures can ensurestructural adequacy and effective service.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct re
12、sponsibility of Subcommittee E06.11on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-tures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
13、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Concentrated LoadThis concentrated load test shallbe used
14、to evaluate surface indentation of structural framingmembers.4.3 These procedures will serve to evaluate performance ofroof and floor segments under simulated service conditions.Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall beevaluated under Method E 455. Impact loading shall be evalu-ate
15、d under Test Methods E 661 or E 695.5. Test Specimens5.1 SpecimensThere shall be at least three replicate speci-mens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to representsections of the floor, or roof assembly including the means ofthe attachment when the load direction is away from thesupports
16、. The specimens shall be representative in width andlength as to the material and workmanship. The test specimenshall not be less than the width and length of the tributary loadarea under actual conditions. If the tributary load area for thetest specimen exceeds the test equipment, a reduced specime
17、nthat is representative in proportional width and length shall betested. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall be tested in each axis.If the structural properties of a particular construction are to becompared with another construction, widths of the specimensshall be of comparable size.5.2 AgeConstruction
18、s, which include concrete and ma-sonry for which the structural properties depend upon the ageof the specimen, shall be aged not less than what is indicatedby the manufacturer and/or national standard. The age of thespecimen shall be recorded in the report.6. Loading6.1 ApparatusThe testing machine
19、or load-measuring ap-paratus shall comply with the requirements prescribed inPractices E4.6.2 Application of LoadApply the load to each individualspecimen in increments so that a sufficient number of readingswill be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformationcurve (see 6.3) using the follo
20、wing sequence:6.2.1 Prior to testing, apply a small initial load not greaterthan 5 % of the ultimate capacity load expected and hold for 5min (6 1 min) and then release. Zero all measuring devicesand begin the test.6.2.2 Record the initial load and deformation reading of thespecimen and then increas
21、e the load on the specimen to the firstpredetermined increment.6.2.3 Record the load and deformation reading and releasethe load back to the initial load and then record the set of thespecimen.6.2.4 Increase the load to the next predetermined incrementand record the information as indicated in the f
22、irst loadincrement above. Follow this sequence of loading and readingfor all predetermined load increment(s).6.3 Duration of Load ApplicationAfter each increment ofload is applied, maintain the load level as constant as possiblefor a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readingsas soon as
23、practical after load application, at the end of the5-min period under constant load, and immediately and at theend of the 5-min period after any partial or complete loadrelease. Plot initial and 5-min readings in the form of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation timerecords thr
24、oughout the test. If application of a given load isrequired for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformationreadings at the end of this period, to allow the satisfactoryplotting of a time-deformation curve for the complete period.NOTE 1Reason for the 5-min application of constant-level increment
25、loads are as follows:(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to takingthe second set of readings. (Depending on the method employed forapplying the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate,the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant
26、loadlevel during the 5-min period.)(2) To observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution,or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayedload-deformation curves. This load level may, under c
27、ertain conditions,have an important bearing on the design load.(3) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to totalfailure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of theobservations.(4) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in testresults.7.
28、 Deformation Measurements7.1 Measure the deformations with sufficient precision todefine the load-deformation relationship, and report at least tothe nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).8. Report8.1 Prepare the report in accordance with RecommendedPractice E 575.9. Precision and Bias9.1 It is not possible to
29、 specify the precision of the proce-dure in Test Method E 2322 for measuring these test methodsbecause of the variety of materials and combinations ofmaterials involved.TESTING FLOORS10. Transverse LoadFloor10.1 Test Specimen(s)Test specimen(s) shall be con-structed in accordance with Section 5.10.2
30、 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be capable of apply-ing a uniform load (such as air bag load or vacuum load),gravity load or two point load and shall conform to therequirements prescribed in 10.2.1 through 10.2.3 or the equiva-lent.10.2.1 Uniform LoadUniformly distributed loading is asatisfactory test
31、 method. Uniformly distributed load shall beapplied by air pressure, either in a bag or in a vacuum chamber.10.2.1.1 The bag method of loading is schematically shownin Fig. 1. Connect a reaction platform parallel to the face to beloaded and wider than the specimen to the supports by tie rods.Place a
32、n airtight bag as wide as the specimen and as long as thespan between the specimen and the reaction platform. Applytransverse load to the specimen by increasing the air pressurein the bag. Measure the difference in pressure by means of amanometer or other pressure measuring device. The error ofE2322
33、032the pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full-scalereading. Deflection measurement shall be measured following10.4. See Fig. 1.10.2.1.2 When the vacuum chamber method of loading isused, place the specimen near the test frame to create anairtight vacuum chamber. An airtight frame or curb s
34、hallsurround the specimen closely and be flush with the uppersurface of the specimen. An air resistant blanket covers thespecimen, overlaps the frame, and is sealed so that it isreasonably airtight. Use a vacuum pump or positive actionexhaust blower to reduce air pressure between the specimenand flo
35、or/wall. Measure the difference in pressure by means ofa manometer or other pressure measuring device. The error ofthe pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full scalereading. Deflection measurement shall be conducted following10.4. See Fig. 2.10.2.2 Gravity LoadGravity load testing shall be
36、con-ducted in accordance with Practice E 196.10.2.3 Two Point LoadThe two point (quarter-point) load-ing method is used for transverse load tests. Test the specimenas a simple beam (Fig. 3) on a span 150 mm (approximately 6in.) less than the specimen length. Apply two equal loads, eachat a distance
37、of one-quarter of the span from the supports,toward the middle of the span. For floor specimens testedhorizontally (Fig. 1), the load on the specimen shall include theweight of the specimen between the supports. Apply thetransverse loads to the upper (finish floor) face for three of thesymmetrical s
38、pecimens. For asymmetrical assemblies, thebottom face for three of the specimens must also be tested.Deflection measurements shall be measured following 10.4.See Fig. 3.10.3 Loading ApplicationThe application of load is foundin 6.2. The application of load shall be compatible with the testapparatus
39、indicated in 10.2.10.4 Deflection Measurement DeviceThe deflection mea-surement device shall be compatible with the test apparatusindicated in 10.2. A frame shall be placed on the upper face ofthe specimen in a manner such that the frame shall not deformas the specimen deforms under load. Two deflec
40、tion measuringdevices, one near each longitudinal edge of the specimen, shallbe attached to the frame at the mid span.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Bag Method)FIG. 2 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Vacuum Bag)E232203310.4.1 Method ADeflection Measur
41、ing Device Top ofPanelMid span deflection shall be measured on the top of thepanel. The deflection measurement should be referenced to thepanel deflection at the end supports.10.4.2 Method BDeflection Measuring Device Bottom ofPanelMid span deflection shall be measured on the bottomof the panel. The
42、 deflection measurement should be referencedto the panel deflection at the end supports.10.5 Calculations and Report:10.5.1 Load-Deflection DataFor each deflection measur-ing device, calculate the deflection under a given load as thedifference between the reading when the load is applied and theinit
43、ial reading. Calculate the deflection of the specimen for thespan as the average of the deflections obtained from each of themeasuring devices. Calculate the sets under the initial load byusing a similar method. Record the maximum load for eachspecimen.10.5.2 Data PresentationReport the results in t
44、he form ofa graph in accordance with Section 8.11. Concentrated LoadFloor11.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on each of thetransverse specimens after the transverse tests are completed.11.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be assembled asshown in Fig. 4 and shall conform to the requirements forcompon
45、ent parts prescribed in 11.2.1 through 11.2.3 or theequivalent.11.2.1 Steel BarSteel bar having a diameter of 25.4 mm(1 in.) and the edge of the face contacting the specimenrounded to a radius of 1.3 mm (0.05 in.). When testing fordecking deflection, place a 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter flat diskbetween
46、 the steel load bar and the decking surface.11.2.2 Depth GageThe depth gage shall consist of ameasuring device that is capable of indicating displacement to0.025 mm (0.001 in.) and is mounted on a support. The supportshall be notched to permit placing the measuring devicedirectly adjacent to the bar
47、 and shall be long enough to permitplacing the supporting elements on undisturbed areas of theface of the specimen.11.2.3 Loading DeviceAny convenient means for apply-ing a compressive load up to 5 kN (1100 lbf) and means formeasuring the load within 1 %. See Fig. 4.11.3 Procedure:11.3.1 LoadingPlac
48、e the entire specimen or portion of thespecimen on a horizontal support and level the specimen.Apply the loads on the face of the specimen. Place the steel baron the surface of the specimen at what is judged to be theweakest place and, also, at what is judged to be the strongestplace.Apply a load ve
49、rtically downward to the upper surface ofthe bar. Continue loading until maximum load or 4.45 kN(1000 lbf) is attained on the steel bar. Application of load isfound in 5.2.11.3.2 Depth of IndentationMeasure the depth of inden-tation, by means of the depth gage, and record the reading ofthe gage to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).11.4 Calculations and Report:11.4.1 Depth of IndentationCalculate the depth of inden-tation (set) after a given load has been applied and the barremoved to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) as the differencebetween the depth for
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