1、Designation: E 2322 03 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forConducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests onPanels used in Floor and Roof Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the following procedures fordetermining the st
3、ructural properties of segments of floor androof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 5Loading 6Deformation Measurements 7Report 8Precision and Bias 9Testing FloorsTransverse Load 10Concentrated Load 11Testing RoofsTransverse Load 12Concentrated Load 131.2 This test method serves to evaluate the perf
4、ormance offloors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and(2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditionssustained in the actual performance of the element. Thestandard is not intended for the evaluation of individualstructural framing or supporting members (floor joist, raf
5、ters,and trusses), or both.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.4 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floor
6、slabs.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
7、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)E4 Practices for Force Verifi
8、cation of Testing MachinesE72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panelsfor Building ConstructionE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE 196 Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and LowSlope RoofsE 455 Test Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Flooror Roof Diaph
9、ragm Constructions for BuildingsE 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStati
10、c and Impact LoadsE 695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE 1592 Test Method for Structural Performance of SheetMetal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static AirPressure Difference3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology E 6
11、31 for definitionsof terms used in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 Transverse LoadThe procedures outlined will serve toevaluate the performance of floor and roof segments fordeflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performancecriteria based on data from these procedures can ens
12、urestructural adequacy and effective service.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-tures.Current edition appro
13、ved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 2322 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
14、to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Concentrated LoadThis concentrated load test shallbe used to evaluate surface indentation of structural framingmembers.4.3
15、These procedures will serve to evaluate performance ofroof and floor segments under simulated service conditions.Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall beevaluated under Test Method E 455. Impact loading shall beevaluated under Test Methods E 661 or E 695.5. Test Specimens5.1 Speci
16、mensThere shall be at least three replicate speci-mens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to representsections of the floor, or roof assembly including the means ofthe attachment when the load direction is away from thesupports. The specimens shall be representative in width andlength as
17、to the material and workmanship. The test specimenshall not be less than the width and length of the tributary loadarea under actual conditions. If the tributary load area for thetest specimen exceeds the test equipment, a reduced specimenthat is representative in proportional width and length shall
18、 betested. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall be tested in each axis.If the structural properties of a particular construction are to becompared with another construction, widths of the specimensshall be of comparable size.5.2 AgeConstructions, which include concrete and ma-sonry for which the structura
19、l properties depend upon the ageof the specimen, shall be aged not less than what is indicatedby the manufacturer or national standard, or both. The age ofthe specimen shall be recorded in the report.6. Loading6.1 ApparatusThe testing machine or load-measuring ap-paratus shall comply with the requir
20、ements prescribed inPractices E4.6.2 Application of LoadApply the load to each individualspecimen in increments so that a sufficient number of readingswill be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformationcurve (see 6.3) using the following sequence:6.2.1 Prior to testing, apply a small initi
21、al load not greaterthan 5 % of the ultimate capacity load expected and hold for5 min (6 1 min) and then release. Zero all measuring devicesand begin the test.6.2.2 Record the initial load and deformation reading of thespecimen and then increase the load on the specimen to the firstpredetermined incr
22、ement.6.2.3 Record the load and deformation reading and releasethe load back to the initial load and then record the set of thespecimen.6.2.4 Increase the load to the next predetermined incrementand record the information as indicated in the first loadincrement above. Follow this sequence of loading
23、 and readingfor all predetermined load increment(s).6.3 Duration of Load ApplicationAfter each increment ofload is applied, maintain the load level as constant as possiblefor a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readingsas soon as practical after load application, at the end of the5-min
24、period under constant load, and immediately and at theend of the 5-min period after any partial or complete loadrelease. Plot initial and 5-min readings in the form of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation timerecords throughout the test. If application of a given load isrequir
25、ed for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformationreadings at the end of this period, to allow the satisfactoryplotting of a time-deformation curve for the complete period.NOTE 1Reason for the 5-min application of constant-level incrementloads are as follows:(1) To permit the assembly to come t
26、o a substantial rest prior to takingthe second set of readings. (Depending on the method employed forapplying the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate,the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant loadlevel during the 5-min period.)(2) To observe any tim
27、e-dependent deformation or load redistribution,or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayedload-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions,have an important bearing on the design
28、 load.(3) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to totalfailure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of theobservations.(4) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in testresults.7. Deformation Measurements7.1 Measure the deformations wit
29、h sufficient precision todefine the load-deformation relationship, and report at least tothe nearest 0.25 mm.8. Report8.1 Prepare the report in accordance with RecommendedPractice E 575.9. Precision and Bias9.1 It is not possible to specify the precision of the proce-dure in this standard for measur
30、ing these test methods becauseof the variety of materials and combinations of materialsinvolved.TESTING FLOORS10. Transverse LoadFloor10.1 Test Specimen(s)Test specimen(s) shall be con-structed in accordance with Section 5.10.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be capable of apply-ing a uniform load (suc
31、h as air bag load or vacuum load),gravity load or two point load and shall conform to therequirements prescribed in 10.2.1 through 10.2.3 or the equiva-lent.10.2.1 Uniform LoadUniformly distributed loading is asatisfactory test method. Uniformly distributed load shall beapplied by air pressure, eith
32、er in a bag or in a vacuum chamber.10.2.1.1 The bag method of loading is schematically shownin Fig. 1. Connect a reaction platform parallel to the face to beloaded and wider than the specimen to the supports by tie rods.Place an airtight bag as wide as the specimen and as long as thespan between the
33、 specimen and the reaction platform. Applytransverse load to the specimen by increasing the air pressurein the bag. Measure the difference in pressure by means of amanometer or other pressure measuring device. The error ofE 2322 03 (2009)2the pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full-scalere
34、ading. Deflection measurement shall be measured following10.4. See Fig. 1.10.2.1.2 When the vacuum chamber method of loading isused, place the specimen near the test frame to create anairtight vacuum chamber. An airtight frame or curb shallsurround the specimen closely and be flush with the uppersur
35、face of the specimen. An air resistant blanket covers thespecimen, overlaps the frame, and is sealed so that it isreasonably airtight. Use a vacuum pump or positive actionexhaust blower to reduce air pressure between the specimenand floor/wall. Measure the difference in pressure by means ofa manomet
36、er or other pressure measuring device. The error ofthe pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full scalereading. Deflection measurement shall be conducted following10.4. See Fig. 2.10.2.2 Gravity LoadGravity load testing shall be con-ducted in accordance with Practice E 196.10.2.3 Two Point Lo
37、adThe two point (quarter-point) load-ing method is used for transverse load tests. Test the specimenas a simple beam (Fig. 3) on a span 150 mm less than thespecimen length. Apply two equal loads, each at a distance ofone-quarter of the span from the supports, toward the middle ofthe span. For floor
38、specimens tested horizontally (Fig. 1), theload on the specimen shall include the weight of the specimenbetween the supports. Apply the transverse loads to the upper(finish floor) face for three of the symmetrical specimens. Forasymmetrical assemblies, the bottom face for three of thespecimens must
39、also be tested. Deflection measurements shallbe measured following 10.4. See Fig. 3.10.3 Loading ApplicationThe application of load is foundin 6.2. The application of load shall be compatible with the testapparatus indicated in 10.2.10.4 Deflection Measurement DeviceThe deflection mea-surement devic
40、e shall be compatible with the test apparatusindicated in 10.2. A frame shall be placed on the upper face ofthe specimen in a manner such that the frame shall not deformas the specimen deforms under load. Two deflection measuringdevices, one near each longitudinal edge of the specimen, shallbe attac
41、hed to the frame at the mid span.10.4.1 Method ADeflection Measuring Device Top ofPanelMid span deflection shall be measured on the top of thepanel. The deflection measurement should be referenced to thepanel deflection at the end supports.10.4.2 Method BDeflection Measuring Device Bottom ofPanelMid
42、 span deflection shall be measured on the bottomof the panel. The deflection measurement should be referencedto the panel deflection at the end supports.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Bag Method)FIG. 2 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Vacuum Bag)E 232
43、2 03 (2009)310.5 Calculations and Report:10.5.1 Load-Deflection DataFor each deflection measur-ing device, calculate the deflection under a given load as thedifference between the reading when the load is applied and theinitial reading. Calculate the deflection of the specimen for thespan as the ave
44、rage of the deflections obtained from each of themeasuring devices. Calculate the sets under the initial load byusing a similar method. Record the maximum load for eachspecimen.10.5.2 Data PresentationReport the results in the form ofa graph in accordance with Section 8.11. Concentrated LoadFloor11.
45、1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on each of thetransverse specimens after the transverse tests are completed.11.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be assembled asshown in Fig. 4 and shall conform to the requirements forFIG. 3 Quarter Point LoadingFIG. 4 Typical Concentrated Load ApparatusE 2322 03 (2
46、009)4component parts prescribed in 11.2.1 through 11.2.3 or theequivalent.11.2.1 Steel BarSteel bar having a diameter of 25.4 mmand the edge of the face contacting the specimen rounded to aradius of 1.3 mm. When testing for decking deflection, place a25.4 mm diameter flat disk between the steel load
47、 bar and thedecking surface.11.2.2 Depth GaugeThe depth gauge shall consist of ameasuring device that is capable of indicating displacement to0.025 mm and is mounted on a support. The support shall benotched to permit placing the measuring device directlyadjacent to the bar and shall be long enough
48、to permit placingthe supporting elements on undisturbed areas of the face of thespecimen.11.2.3 Loading DeviceAny convenient means for apply-ing a compressive load up to 5 kN and means for measuring theload within 1 %. See Fig. 4.11.3 Procedure:11.3.1 LoadingPlace the entire specimen or portion of t
49、hespecimen on a horizontal support and level the specimen.Apply the loads on the face of the specimen. Place the steel baron the surface of the specimen at what is judged to be theweakest place and, also, at what is judged to be the strongestplace.Apply a load vertically downward to the upper surface ofthe bar. Continue loading until maximum load or 4.45 kN isattained on the steel bar. Application of load is found in 5.2.11.3.2 Depth of IndentationMeasure the depth of inden-tation, by means of the depth gauge, and record the reading ofthe gauge t
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