ASTM E2335-2012 Standard Guide for Laboratory Monitors《实验室监测的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: E2335 12 An American National StandardStandard Guide forLaboratory Monitors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is for use by laboratory monitors who observe interlaboratory testing performed byparticipating organizations that validate the le

3、gitimacy of test methods and also establish a base of datafrom which precision and bias statements are to be written. Interlaboratory testing is done to determinethe validity of a test standard. Such testing requires diligence by adhering to the protocol establishedfor performing the test in order t

4、o minimize variability which often exists between laboratories.Because laboratories differ in size, organization, management, personnel, facilities and environmentthere is always a potential for introducing variability in test results.Laboratory monitors confirm that the participating facilities adh

5、ere to the test protocol as closely aspossible, thereby improving the chances of a successful interlaboratory study. The laboratory monitorobserves and assesses but does not perform the functions of an auditor or trainer; the laboratorymonitor does not provide accreditation of a laboratory. Laborato

6、ry monitors should demonstrateexpertise in both the content and the intent of the test method. The laboratory monitor is responsibleto render a report to the appointing subcommittee. It is incumbent upon the laboratory monitor tomaintain objectivity when working with participating laboratories.Full-

7、scale product fire tests are expensive, especially full-scale tests of bedding and homefurnishings. The development of this standard is intended to ensure that the precision and biasdeveloped for E05 standards demonstrates a high level of statistical validity.This guide does not contain procedures f

8、or analysis of the test data obtained from an interlaboratorystudy. The user is directed to Practice E691, if the laboratory study includes six laboratories or more,and to Practice E2653 if the number of laboratories in the interlaboratory study is at least three, butless than six.Using a laboratory

9、 monitor as part of an interlaboratory test program is optional. However, if amonitor is used, all of the laboratories in the project are to be included.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides a general outline, for use by alaboratory monitor, to assess the qualifications of a laboratorywhich has requested

10、to participate in a specific ASTM inter-laboratory test.1.2 The preliminary assessment is based on observationsmade before initiation of any interlaboratory tests.1.3 The subcommittee, which appoints the laboratorymonitor, specifies the minimum requirements which an orga-nization should meet to qual

11、ify as a participant for theinterlaboratory test. If a pretest is to be included, see details inSection 13.1.4 This fire standard can not be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standardsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt

12、ee E05.15 on Furnishings andContents.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2335-08. DOI:10.1520/E2335-12.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

13、. United States11.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to us

14、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsE2653 Practic

15、e for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine Precision Estimates for a Fire Test Methodwith Fewer Than Six Participating Laboratories2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 13943 Fire Safety-Vocabulary3ISO/IEC 17025 :2005 General Requirements for the Com-petence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories32.3 Ot

16、her Standard:A2LA R101 -General Requirements: Accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories (December 2011)43. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide and associatedwith fire issues refer to the terminology contained in Termi-nology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the defin

17、itiongiven in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 laboratory monitor, na representative of a subcom-mittee who is appointed to determine if the qualifications,equipment, personnel, and level of skill at a test facility meetthe criteria necessary to

18、 participate in an interlaboratory testprotocol.4. Significance and Use4.1 These guidelines are intended to enable a laboratorymonitor to perform onsite assessments of laboratory facilities.Accepted facilities will then participate in an interlaboratorytest protocol to establish precision and bias f

19、or a particularASTM standard.4.2 This assessment is intended to determine that all of theparticipants have the necessary equipment, an understanding ofthe test method, and the minimum level of skill necessary togather data which are to be used to establish precision and biasfor the particular standa

20、rd.4.3 This guide is not intended to be used as a tool to qualifyor accredit laboratories to perform any tests. Refer to ISO/IEC17025 and to the A2LA R101 Document for further guidanceon accreditation requirements.5. Qualifications of a Laboratory Monitor5.1 The laboratory monitor should demonstrate

21、 a level ofexpertise about the test method for which the interlaboratorytest will be done.5.2 Technical understanding of the test method is imperativein order to understand the principles of the measurements to bemade during the test procedure.5.3 The laboratory monitor should demonstrate objectivit

22、y.This includes not deriving any profit, commissions, or divi-dends from any commercial entity which performs the same orsimilar type test evaluations.6. Responsibilities of a Laboratory Monitor6.1 Develop a checklist specific to the subject test method.6.1.1 This checklist is to serve as a guide fo

23、r the inspectionof the laboratory during the initial qualification phase.6.2 The laboratory monitor performs an inspection of thetest laboratories to determine if the equipment conforms withthat required to perform the test method, and if adequatetraining of the operators has been done.6.3 Verify th

24、at the data acquisition system used by thelaboratory is compatible with the data to be acquired; and thatanalysis of the data will provide results which are reliable andcomparable to data obtained from other participants.6.4 Following completion of every laboratory inspection, anassessment report, b

25、ased on the Checklist described in Section7, shall be completed and forwarded, with recommendations,to the sponsoring ASTM Subcommittee.7. Checklist7.1 The laboratory monitors checklist is to be made avail-able to participating laboratories, in advance of the preliminaryassessment visit so that a se

26、lf-evaluation is an option for theparticipating laboratory.7.1.1 The checklist is a one-time, test specific documentused as a guide by the laboratory monitor in assessing thefollowing:7.1.1.1 Management of the laboratory,7.1.1.2 Test operator skill level,7.1.1.3 Condition and calibration of the labo

27、ratory facilitiesand equipment,7.1.1.4 Environmental conditions and facilities for condi-tioning specimens,7.1.1.5 Handling and storage of the test materials and anyreference materials, and7.1.1.6 Appropriate handling of data to ensure that thevalidity of the data is not compromised.7.2 Each test me

28、thod and associated interlaboratory testrequires development of a specific checklist. See Appendix X1for an example of a checklist used in an ASTM E5.15Interlaboratory Study.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

29、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.4Available from American Association for Laboratory

30、Accreditation, 5301Buckeytown Pike, Frederick, MD 21704; www.a21a.orgE2335 1228. Management, Supervisor, and Operators8.1 The environment established by management of thelaboratory is expected to demonstrate support for the objectivesof the interlaboratory test. The following demonstrate this typeof

31、 support:8.1.1 Have managerial staff that understands the purpose ofthe test, are supportive of the testing, and also have theauthority and resources needed to see that the interlaboratorytest is conducted as agreed, and in accordance with theestablished timetable.8.1.2 Specify and document the resp

32、onsibility, authority,and interrelations of all personnel who manage, perform orverify work affecting the quality of tests (chain of manage-ment).8.1.3 Provide supervision by persons who have a functionalknowledge of the test method, the apparatus, the objective ofthe test and the assessment of the

33、results.8.1.4 Have a quality system describing its commitment togood laboratory practices and quality of testing.8.1.5 Have procedures for control and maintenance ofdocumentation.8.1.6 Have supervisors and personnel involved in testingwho are trained and capable of performing the test.8.1.7 Have suf

34、ficient personnel for backups.8.1.8 Practice laboratory safety and good housekeeping.9. Laboratory Physical Facilities and Environment9.1 Laboratory facilities shall demonstrate adherence torecognized laboratory protocols and procedures. See docu-ments referenced in Section 2 for guidance.9.2 Labora

35、tory accommodations, test areas, energy sources,lighting, heating and ventilation shall be such as to facilitateproper performance of the test and safety of operators.9.3 The environment in which testing is undertaken shallnot invalidate the results or adversely affect the requiredaccuracy of measur

36、ements.9.4 The laboratory is to have facilities for the effectivemonitoring, control and recording of environmental conditionsas specified in the test method.9.5 There shall be effective separation between neighboringareas when the activities therein are incompatible.9.6 Access to and use of all are

37、as affecting the quality oftesting shall be defined and controlled.10. Laboratory Equipment and Reference Materials10.1 Equipment shall meet the specifications of the testmethod.10.2 Equipment shall be properly maintained withdocumentation, as appropriate.10.3 Each item of equipment shall have calib

38、ration records,as appropriate.10.4 Reference materials, if available, shall meet standardsspecified for the test.10.5 Reference materials are to be properly stored andconditioned.11. Test Materials11.1 The laboratory system for identifying the items to betested shall ensure that there is no confusio

39、n regarding theidentity of such items at any time.11.2 Upon receipt, the condition of the test items, includingany abnormalities or departures from standard conditions asprescribed in the test method, are to be recorded.11.3 The laboratory shall have procedures and appropriatefacilities to avoid det

40、erioration or damage to test items, duringstorage, prior to test specimen preparation and testing.11.4 Where items have to be stored, or conditioned underspecific environmental conditions, these conditions are to bemaintained, monitored and recorded.11.5 There shall be a procedure for receipt, reten

41、tion andsafe disposal of test items. Confidentiality of the sources of testitems is to be maintained.12. Records12.1 The laboratory shall have a system for:12.1.1 Maintaining clear and concise records.12.1.2 If test results are to be transmitted by telephone,facsimile, or other electronic/electromag

42、netic means (forexample, CD or DVD), follow a documented procedure thatensures the quality of the transmission.13. Observation of Laboratory Qualification Testing13.1 Verify the test specimen preparation protocol isfollowed, that is, randomization of samples and test specimenpreparation.13.2 Verify

43、the test protocol is being followed in performingthe test.13.3 Document observations and report findings to themanaging Subcommittee or Task Group. Recommend whetherthe laboratory is adequately qualified to proceed with theinterlaboratory test program.E2335 123APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. E

44、XAMPLE OF A CHECKLISTX1.1 An example of a checklist that has been used forinterlaboratory testing is shown below. The test method forwhich this list was prepared is Test Method E1537, a full-scalefire test for upholstered furniture. Test Method E1822 is a verysimilar test for stacking chairs. This i

45、nterlaboratory test hasbeen completed and the results included in a Research Reporton file with ASTM.Interlaboratory Test ProgramE1537Laboratory Name: Date:Conditioning: Temp. 21 3C (70 5F) RH Less 55 5 %Calibrations:Heat Release: Calibration burner: Sand PipeGas: Methane PropaneCalibration points:

46、kW kWGas Flow Rates:Difference in test to calculated HRR not 5 %Time Delay for Sample Line and Instruments:Duct Air Flow: Type of Sensor:Accuracy:Have Gas Analyzers been calibrated? Y/N DailyOxygen Measurement AccuracyCarbon Dioxide MeasurementCarbon Monoxide MeasurementGas Burner: Gas Type: Flow Ra

47、te: 13 L/minMass Loss: Was the load platform calibrated? Y/NWhat method:Smoke Obscuration: Type of System: White Light LaserWas the smoke system calibrated? Y/NAt what points?Method used to reduce sooting:Test Configuration: Option A 2.44m3.66m,centered 0.76 m doorSpecimen location:OptionB 3.05m3.66

48、m,corner0.97mdoorSpecimen location:Option C Open CalorimeterSpecimen location:Mass Loss Thermal Barrier:Burner: SquareDoes burner meet specification? Y/N Comments:Have burner holes been checked? Y/NAre burner holes clean? Y/NTest Procedure:Initial Conditions: Temperature: 15C (60F) RH 0.5 m/sPositio

49、n of burner: mm (50 mm back) mm (25 mm bottom)Burner exposure time: s (80s) Clock: Y/NData logger scan rate: s 1/6 sDid exhaust hood collect all products of combustion? Y/NGeneral Observations:Provide a chart of the organizational structure of the laboratory. Include management responsibilities and identify individuals responsible for direct supervision ofthe test method.Briefly list the qualifications of the test personnel. What is the experience level of each operator? Is there a current copy of the test procedure available to the testoperators?Indicate the calibrat