1、Designation: E2339 11Standard Practice forDigital Imaging and Communication in NondestructiveEvaluation (DICONDE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice facilitates the interoperability of NDEimaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying theimage
3、data in commonly accepted terms. This practice repre-sents a harmonization of NDE imaging systems, or modalities,with the NEMA Standards Publication titled Digital Imagingand Communications in Medicine (DICOM, see http:/medical.nema.org), an international standard for image dataacquisition, review,
4、storage and archival. In addition, thispractice will provide a standard set of industrial NDE specificinformation object definitions, which travel beyond the scopeof standard DICOM modalities. The goal of this practice is toprovide a standard by which NDE image/signal data may bedisplayed on by any
5、system conforming to the ASTM DI-CONDE format, regardless of which NDE modality was usedto acquire the data.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issuesthat arise when archiving or analyzing the data from a varietyof NDE techniques, each using proprietary data acquisitionsystems. As d
6、ata acquisition modalities evolve, data acquiredin the past must remain decipherable. This practice proposes animage data file format in such a way that all the techniqueparameters, along with the image file, are preserved, regardlessof changes in NDE technology. This practice will also permitthe vi
7、ewing of a variety of image types (CT, CR, Ultrasonic,Infrared and Eddy Current) on a single workstation, maintain-ing all of the pertinent technique parameters along with theimage file. This practice addresses the exchange of digitalinformation between NDE imaging equipment.1.3 This practice does n
8、ot specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an imple-mentations conformance to the standard.1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of thestandard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be ex-pected from a system implemented by i
9、ntegrating a group ofdevices each claiming DICONDE or DICOM conformance.1.4 Although this practice contains no values that requireunits, it does describe methods to store and communicate datathat do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI unitsrequired by this practice are to be regarded as
10、 standard. Noother units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
11、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documentation:3NEMA Standards Publication PS3.1, Version 3: DigitalImaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)ACR-NEMA 3001998 Digital Imagi
12、ng and Communica-tion in Medicine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Nondestructive evaluation terms used in this practicecan be found in Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 AEapplication entity3.2.2 attributea property of an information object. Anattribute has
13、 a name and a value, which are independent of anyencoding scheme.3.2.3 attribute tag a unique identifier for an attribute ofan information object composed of an ordered pair (gggg,eeee)where gggg represents the group number and eeee representsthe data element.3.2.4 conformance statementa formal stat
14、ement associ-ated with a specific implementation of the standard, specifyingthe service class, information objects, and communicationsprotocols supported by the implementations.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility
15、of Subcommittee E07.11 on DigitalImaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2339 - 10. DOI:10.1520/E2339-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
16、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752
17、, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.5 data dictionarya registry of data elements, whichassigns a unique tag, a
18、name, value characteristics, andsemantics to each data element.3.2.6 data elementa unit of information as defined by asingle entry in the data dictionary. An encoded IOD attributethat is composed of, at a minimum, three fields: a data elementtag,avalue length, and a value field.3.2.7 data element ta
19、ga unique identifier for a dataelement composed of an ordered pair of numbers (a groupnumber followed by an element number).3.2.8 data element type (type)used to specify whether anattribute of an IOD is required and must have a non-zero value(Type 1), required but may have a zero value (Type 2), req
20、uiredonly under certain conditions (Type 1C and 2C), or optional(Type 3). See Part 5, Section 7.4 of the DICOM standard foradditional details.3.2.9 element numberthe second number in the orderedpair of numbers that make up a data element tag.3.2.10 group numberthe first number in the ordered pairof
21、numbers that makes up a data element tag.3.2.11 information object definition (IOD)a data abstrac-tion of a class of similar real-world objects which defines thenature and attributes relevant to the class of real-world objectrepresented.3.2.12 modulea set of attributes with an InformationObject Defi
22、nition.3.2.13 private data elementadditional data element, de-fined by an implementer, to communicate information that isnot contained in standard data elements. Private data elementshave odd group numbers.3.2.14 service-object pair class (SOP class)the union of aservice class and an information obj
23、ect definition. SOP Classesare the building blocks that support the interaction between twoDICOM application entities.3.2.15 unique identifier (UID)a numeric identifier that isguaranteed to be unique among all DICOM numeric identifiers.3.2.16 usageused to specify whether an information mod-ule is Ma
24、ndatory (M), Conditional (C), or User Option (U). SeePart 3, Section A.1.3 of the DICOM standard for additionaldetails.3.2.17 valuea component of a value field.Avalue fieldmay consist of one or more of these components.3.2.18 value fieldthe field within a data element thatcontains the value (s) of t
25、hat data element.3.2.19 value lengththe field within a data element thatcontains the length of the value field of the data element.3.2.20 value multiplicity (VM)specifies the number ofvalues contained in the value field of a data element.3.2.21 value representation (VR)specifies the data typeand for
26、mat of the value (s) contained in the value field of a dataelement. A complete list of all the VRs can be found in 6.2 ofPart 5 of the DICOM standard.3.2.22 DICONDE version identifierunique string placedin the DICONDE object to identify the version of DICONDEused to create the object.4. Summary of P
27、ractice4.1 The basic concept of DICOM and DICONDE is the useof standardized data identifiers. This means all participants areusing the standardized data identifiers to represent the sameinformation and have a common understanding of communi-cation protocols for mutual use.4.1.1 DICOM was developed i
28、n liaison with ACR (theAmerican College of Radiology) and NEMA (the NationalElectrical Manufacturers Association) and other Standard Or-ganizations including CEN TC251 in Europe and JIRA inJapan, with review also by other organizations including IEEE,HL7 andANSI in the USA. The DICOM Standard is str
29、ucturedas a multi-part document.4.2 This practice will contain terms and definitions thatapply to all NDT methods. DICONDE terms and definitionsthat apply to a specific NDT method will be contained in aseparate standard practice for that method as illustrated in Fig.1. This practice is intended to b
30、e used in conjunction with themethod-specific standard practices. If no method-specific prac-tice exists, the user should default back to the DICOM termsand definitions for the modality associated with that testmethod.4.3 The DICONDE practices will consist of descriptions ofthe attribute and object
31、definitions that are specific to NDE(that is, no equivalent counterpart in medicine) and providestandard database tag identifiers for use with the DICOMdatabase already in existence. The use of this practice is basedupon and to be used in conjunction with the medical DICOMFIG. 1 DICONDE Document Rel
32、ationshipsE2339 112standard. This practice, in conjunction with the DICOMstandard, will set forth the requirements for the transfer anddisplay of NDE image data from any NDE image modalitiesequipment.4.3.1 DICONDE, utilizing the existing DICOM database ofobject definitions, provides both replacement
33、 and additionalmodule definitions that represent a conversion between themedical community language present in DICOM, to theterminology appropriate for NDE. For the DICONDE prac-tices, only the attributes and object definitions that differ fromthe medical implementation will be discussed. In the cas
34、ewhere no replacement attribute or object exists, the DICOMstandard should be followed.4.4 The key to interoperability using the DICOM standard isthe conformance statement. This formal statement is associatedwith a specific implementation of the DICOM standard. Itspecifies the service classes, infor
35、mation objects, communica-tion protocols, and media storage application profiles sup-ported by the implementation. Complete information on DI-COM conformance statements, including several examples,can be found in Part 2 of the DICOM standard.4.4.1 Specific implementations of the DICONDE standardshou
36、ld also provide conformance statements. The majority ofthe conformance statement for DICONDE will be similar toDICOM. The exception being that the information objectslisted in the conformance statement should be the DICONDEspecific information objects that the implementation supports.5. Significance
37、 and Use5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the transfer of NDEdata between systems will use this standard. This practice willdefine a set of NDE information object definitions that alongwith the DICOM standard will provide a standard means toorganize image data. Once conformance statements have
38、beengenerated, the NDE image data may be displayed on anyimaging/analysis device that conforms to the standard. Thisprocess of developing conformance statements with both theNDE specific object definitions and the DICOM accepteddefinitions, will provide a means to automatically and trans-parently co
39、mmunicate between compliant equipment withoutloss of information.NOTE 1Knowledge and understanding of the existing DICOM stan-dard will be required to generate conformance statements and therebyfacilitate the data transfer.6. Information Object and Service-Object Pair ClassDefinitions6.1 Information
40、 Object Definitions6.1.1 Details of the DICOM Information Object Definitionscan be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3,AnnexesAand B.6.2 DICOM to DICONDE Information Object Definition6.2.1 The DICOM standard specifies mandatory, condi-tional, and user option information modules for each DICOMIOD. The
41、 relationship between the IODs and modules is foundin the DICOM Standard Part 3. The DICONDE standard willfollow that relationship except as noted.6.2.2 The terminology associated with certain modules ofthe DICOM information objects must be changed for use in anindustrial context. For instance, indu
42、stry deals with compo-nents not patients. In the industrial objects, the equivalentmedical information modules will be reused when possible.For example, a component information module will be as-signed to the Patient information module.6.2.3 In some cases, there will exist no equivalent medicalinfor
43、mation module for a required set of industrial data. Whenno equivalent DICOM information module exists, an industrialspecific data module will be created as part of that object.6.3 Service-Object Pair (SOP) Class Definitions:6.3.1 Details of the DICOM SOP Class Definitions can befound in the DICOM S
44、tandard, Part 4, Section 6.6.4 DICOM to DICONDE SOP Class Definitions:6.4.1 The DICOM standard defines Standard, StandardExtended, Specialized Extended and Private SOP Classes inPart 2, Section 3.11.6.4.2 To maintain compatibility with standard DICOM de-vices, the DICONDE standard will be based on S
45、tandardExtended DICOM SOP Classes as described in Part 2, Section3.11.3 of the DICOM Standard except as noted below.6.4.3 Some nondestructive testing methods do not have anequivalent medical imaging modality. An example of such atest method is Eddy Current testing. For these test methods, theDICONDE
46、 standard will define DICONDE Standard SOPClasses instead of using DICOM Standard Extended SOPClasses.6.5 Conformance:6.5.1 Since the DICONDE standard is based on StandardExtended DICOM SOP Classes, only DICOM devices withLevel 2 (Full) conformance should be used in DICONDEapplications. Level 2 (Ful
47、l) conformance ensures that all Type1, 2 and 3 as well as Private attributes will be stored and maybe accessed by the device. See DICOM Part 4, Section B.4 formore information.6.5.2 Note that test data that use DICONDE Standard SOPClasses may not be accepted or displayed by many standardDICOM image
48、display and storage tools since these SOPclasses are not used in medical applications.7. DICONDE Information Modules7.1 Information Module Definitions7.1.1 Details of the DICOM Information Module Defini-tions can be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3, Annex C.7.1.2 All data elements in the informati
49、on modules must bedescribed by an attribute name, a data element tag,avaluerepresentation (VR),avalue multiplicity (VM), and a dataelement type.7.2 DICOM to DICONDE Information Module Definition7.2.1 The terminology associated with certain elements ofthe DICOM information modules must be changed for use inan industrial context. For instance, industry deals with parts notpatients. The DICONDE standard defines industrial informa-tion modules that are equivalent to those found in the DICOMstandard. In the industrial modules, the equivalent medical dataelements
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