1、Designation: E2339 11E2339 15Standard Practice forDigital Imaging and Communication in NondestructiveEvaluation (DICONDE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice facilit
3、ates the interoperability of NDE imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image datain commonly accepted terms. This practice represents a harmonization of NDE imaging systems, or modalities, with the NEMAStandards Publication titled Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DI
4、COM, see http:/medical.nema.org), aninternational standard for image data acquisition, review, storage and archival. In addition, this practice will provide a standard setof industrial NDE specific information object definitions, which travel beyond the scope of standard DICOM modalities. The goalof
5、 this practice is to provide a standard by which NDE image/signal data may be displayed on by any system conforming to theASTM DICONDE format, regardless of which NDE modality was used to acquire the data.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when archiving or analyz
6、ing the data from a variety ofNDE techniques, each using proprietary data acquisition systems. As data acquisition modalities evolve, data acquired in the pastmust remain decipherable. This practice proposes an image data file format in such a way that all the technique parameters, alongwith the ima
7、ge file, are preserved, regardless of changes in NDE technology. This practice will also permit the viewing of a varietyof image types (CT, CR, Ultrasonic, Infrared and Eddy Current) on a single workstation, maintaining all of the pertinent techniqueparameters along with the image file. This practic
8、e addresses the exchange of digital information between NDE imagingequipment.1.3 This practice does not specify:1.3.1 A complete description of all the information necessary to implement the DICONDE standard for an imaging modality.This document must be used in conjunction with one of the method-spe
9、cific DICONDE Standard Practice documents to completelydescribe all the requirements necessary to implement the DICONDE standard for an imaging modality. See Section 2.1 of thisdocument for a current list of the method-specific standard practice documents.1.3.2 A testing or validation procedure to a
10、ssess an implementations conformance to the standard.1.3.3 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.4 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices eachclaiming DICONDE or DI
11、COM conformance.1.4 Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data thatdo require units to be properly interpreted. The SI units required by this practice are to be regarded as standard. No other unitsof measurement are included i
12、n this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2
13、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on Digital Imagingand Communication in Nondestructive Evaluatio
14、n (DICONDE).Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2012December 2015. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102011as E2339 - 10.E2339 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2339-11.10.1520/E2339-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.
15、org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chan
16、ges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offic
17、ial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E2663 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Ultrasonic T
18、est MethodsE2699 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Digital Radiographic(DR) Test MethodsE2738 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Computed Radiography(CR) Test MethodsE2767 Practice for Digital
19、 Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for X-ray ComputedTomography (CT) Test MethodsE2934 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Eddy Current (EC) TestMethods2.2 Other Documentation:3NEMA Standards Publication PS3.1, Vers
20、ion 3: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)ACR-NEMA 3001998 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Nondestructive evaluation terms used in this practice can be found in Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.
21、2.1 AEapplication entity3.2.2 attributea property of an information object. An attribute has a name and a value, which are independent of anyencoding scheme.3.2.3 attribute tag a unique identifier for an attribute of an information object composed of an ordered pair (gggg,eeee) wheregggg represents
22、the group number and eeee represents the data element.3.2.4 conformance statementa formal statement associated with a specific implementation of the standard, specifying theservice class, information objects, and communications protocols supported by the implementations.3.2.5 data dictionarya regist
23、ry of data elements, which assigns a unique tag, a name, value characteristics, and semantics toeach data element.3.2.6 data elementa unit of information as defined by a single entry in the data dictionary. An encoded IOD attribute that iscomposed of, at a minimum, three fields: a data element tag,
24、a value length, and a value field.3.2.7 data element taga unique identifier for a data element composed of an ordered pair of numbers (a group numberfollowed by an element number).3.2.8 data element type (type)used to specify whether an attribute of an IOD is required and must have a non-zero value
25、(Type1), required but may have a zero value (Type 2), required only under certain conditions (Type 1C and 2C), or optional (Type 3).See Part 5, Section 7.4 of the DICOM standard for additional details.3.2.9 element numberthe second number in the ordered pair of numbers that make up a data element ta
26、g.3.2.10 group numberthe first number in the ordered pair of numbers that makes up a data element tag.3.2.11 information object definition (IOD)a data abstraction of a class of similar real-world objects which defines the natureand attributes relevant to the class of real-world object represented.3.
27、2.12 modulea set of attributes with an Information Object Definition.3.2.13 private data elementadditional data element, defined by an implementer, to communicate information that is notcontained in standard data elements. Private data elements have odd group numbers.3.2.14 service-object pair class
28、 (SOP class)the union of a service class and an information object definition. SOP Classes arethe building blocks that support the interaction between two DICOM application entities.3.2.15 unique identifier (UID)a numeric identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all DICOM numeric identifiers
29、.3.2.16 usageused to specify whether an information module is Mandatory (M), Conditional (C), or User Option (U). See Part3, Section A.1.3 of the DICOM standard for additional details.3.2.17 valuea component of a value field. A value field may consist of one or more of these components.3.2.18 value
30、fieldthe field within a data element that contains the value(s) of that data element.3.2.19 value lengththe field within a data element that contains the length of the value field of the data element.3.2.20 value multiplicity (VM)specifies the number of values contained in the value field of a data
31、element.3.2.21 value representation (VR)specifies the data type and format of the value(s) contained in the value field of a dataelement. A complete list of all the VRs can be found in 6.2 of Part 5Part 5, subsection 6.2 of the DICOM standard.3 Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Associ
32、ation (NEMA), 1300 N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.E2339 1523.2.22 DICONDE version identifierunique string placed in the DICONDE object to identify the version of DICONDE usedto create the object.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The basic concept of DICOM and DICONDE is the u
33、se of standardized data identifiers.This means all participants are usingthe standardized data identifiers to represent the same information and have a common understanding of communication protocolsfor mutual use.4.1.1 DICOM was developed in liaison with ACR (the American College of Radiology) and
34、NEMA (the National ElectricalManufacturers Association) and other Standard Organizations including CEN TC251 in Europe and JIRA in Japan, with reviewalso by other organizations including IEEE, HL7 and ANSI in the USA. The DICOM Standard is structured as a multi-partdocument.4.2 This practice will co
35、ntain terms and definitions that apply to all NDT methods. DICONDE terms and definitions that applyto a specific NDT method will be contained in a separate standard practice for that method as illustrated in Fig. 1. This practiceis intended to must be used in conjunction with the method-specific sta
36、ndard practices. For a list of method-specific standardpractices, refer to subsection 2.1 of this document. If no method-specific practice exists, the user should default back to the DICOMterms and definitions for the modality associated with that test method.4.3 The DICONDE practices will consist o
37、f descriptions of the attribute and object definitions that are specific to NDE (thatis, no equivalent counterpart in medicine) and provide standard database tag identifiers for use with the DICOM database alreadyin existence. The use of this practice is based upon and to be used in conjunction with
38、 the medical DICOM standard. This practice,in conjunction with the DICOM standard, will set forth the requirements for the transfer and display of NDE image data from anyNDE image modalities equipment.4.3.1 DICONDE, utilizing the existing DICOM database of object definitions, provides both replaceme
39、nt and additional moduledefinitions that represent a conversion between the medical community language present in DICOM, to the terminologyappropriate for NDE. For the DICONDE practices, only the attributes and object definitions that differ from the medicalimplementation will be discussed. In the c
40、ase where no replacement attribute or object exists, the DICOM standard should befollowed.4.4 The key to interoperability using the DICOM standard is the conformance statement. This formal statement is associatedwith a specific implementation of the DICOM standard. It specifies the service classes,
41、information objects, communicationprotocols, and media storage application profiles supported by the implementation. Complete information on DICOM conformancestatements, including several examples, can be found in Part 2 of the DICOM standard.4.4.1 Specific implementations of the DICONDE standard sh
42、ould also provide conformance statements. The majority of theconformance statement for DICONDE will be similar to DICOM. The exception being that the information objects listed in theconformance statement should be the DICONDE specific information objects that the implementation supports.4.4.2 As th
43、e DICONDE standard continues to evolve, data elements, modules, and information object definitions are added tothe family of DICONDE standard practices.As this occurs, it is likely that these additions may result in DICONDE files or objectscreated using previous versions of the standard practices be
44、coming non-conforming to the most recent standard practice. Theconformance of a DICONDE file or object needs to be determined relative to the versions of the standard practices used to createthe file or object.4.4.3 To track the version of the DICONDE standard practice used to create a DICONDE file
45、or object, the Software Versions(0018, 1020) attribute is used to store a unique identifier. This unique identifier corresponds to the version of the DICONDEstandard practice used to create the file or object. For more information, see subsection 7.2.5 of this document.FIG. 1 DICONDE Document Relati
46、onshipsE2339 1535. Significance and Use5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the transfer of NDE data between systems will use this standard. This practice will definea set of NDE information object definitions that along with the DICOM standard will provide a standard means to organize imagedata.
47、Once conformance statements have been generated, the NDE image data may be displayed on any imaging/analysis devicethat conforms to the standard. This process of developing conformance statements with both the NDE specific object definitionsand the DICOM accepted definitions, will provide a means to
48、 automatically and transparently communicate between compliantequipment without loss of information.NOTE 1Knowledge and understanding of the existing DICOM standard will be required to generate conformance statements and thereby facilitatethe data transfer.6. Information Object and Service-Object Pa
49、ir Class Definitions6.1 Information Object Definitions6.1.1 Details of the DICOM Information Object Definitions can be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3, Annexes A and B.6.1.2 DICONDE Information Object Definitions are found in the method-specific standard practices. For a list of currentmethod-specific standard practices refer to subsection 2.1 of this document.6.1.3 The Information Object Definition is composed of a table of Information Modules included in the IOD. This table includesa usage for each module. Usage is used to specify whether an inform
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