1、Designation: E2346/E2346M 15Standard Guide forSensory Evaluation of Household Hard Surface-CleaningProducts with Emphasis on Spray Triggers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2346/E2346M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide presents guidelines specific to the sensoryevaluation of trigger hard su
3、rface cleaners. It covers theprocedure for preparing a nonporous surface with the intent tomeasure one or all of the various aspects of a trigger product:package, application, performance, and after-use properties,with focus on visual, tactile, fragrance, performance, andpackage ergonomics. It is ap
4、plicable for use with assessors,highly trained assessors, and consumers.1.2 This guide for preparing nonporous hard surfaces isintended to focus on surface preparation and evaluation, not onpanel selection, training, or development.1.3 The reader should be aware that good sensory practicesare requir
5、ed when preparing the surfaces, and in developingand training the assessors.1.4 The researcher is responsible for identifying the mostappropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical toolto address that experimental design.1.5 Since this guides intended use is to provide direction onthe
6、 presentation and measurement of the different aspects ofspray trigger hard surface cleaners, this guide may not accu-rately represent all possible soils and surfaces where spraytrigger hard surface cleaners may be used.1.6 This guide provides suggested procedures and is notmeant to exclude alternat
7、e procedures that may be effectivelyused to provide the same results.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Co
8、mbiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Values are stated in only SI units wheninch-pound units are not used in practice.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
9、 user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4265 Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance inHome LaunderingD5343 Guide for Evaluating Cleaning
10、Performance of Ce-ramic Tile CleanersE253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate-rials and Products2.2 ISO Documents:3ISO 4121 Sensory AnalysisMethodologyEvaluation ofFood Products by Methods Using Scales and CategoriesISO 5492 Sensory AnalysisVocabularyISO 5496 Sensory AnalysisMethodolo
11、gyInitiation andTraining of Assessors in the Detection and Recognition ofOdorsISO 6658 Sensory AnalysisMethodologyGeneral Guid-anceISO 8586-1 Sensory AnalysisMethodologyGeneralGuidance for Choosing, Training and Monitoring of Se-lected AssessorsISO 11035 Sensory AnalysisMethodology Identifica-tion o
12、f Descriptors for Establishing a Sensory Profile2.3 CSPA Test Methods:4DCC-09 Glass CleanersDCC-09A Standard Guide for Evaluating the Filming andStreaking of Glass CleanersDCC-12 Guidelines for Screening the Efficacy of OvenCleaners1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Senso
13、ryEvaluationand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.07 on Personal Careand Household Evaluation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2346/E2346M 14.DOI: 10.1520/E2346_E2346M-15.2For referen
14、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd
15、St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from Consumer Specialty ProductsAssociation (CSPA), 900 17th St.,NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006, http:/www.cspa.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1DCC-16 Guidelines fo
16、r Evaluating the Efficacy of BathroomCleaners Scrubber Test for Measuring the Removal ofLime Soap3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 nonporous surfacerefers to a solid material thatcannot be permeated by liquids.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide provides direction
17、on how to assess spraytrigger hard surface cleaners. This guide describes samplepreparation and evaluation approaches to various aspects of aspray trigger hard surface cleaner: visual, tactile, fragrance,performance, and package ergonomics.5. Significance and Use5.1 The methods outlined in this guid
18、e can be used toqualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the sensory character-istics and performance of trigger hard surface householdcleaning products for nonporous surfaces.5.2 The methods are suited for descriptive analysis and maybe adaptable for consumer acceptance research.5.3 This guide pro
19、vides the procedure for the evaluation ofpackage, application, performance, after-use and fragranceaspects of hard surface cleaners. Depending on the testobjectives, all or some of these measures may be used.5.4 This guide is designed for use for product researchguidance in product formulation, new
20、product development,and quality control issues.5.5 This guide is a compendium of information or series ofoptions that does not recommend a specific course of action.This guide is not intended for claim substantiation, as it has notbeen subjected to validation testing.5.6 This guide is for use by ind
21、ividuals who familiarizethemselves with these procedures and who have previousexperience with sensory evaluations. It is suggested that theindividuals have some experience with developing and traininga descriptive panel or work under the supervision of a sensoryprofessional who has.5.7 This guide mi
22、ght involve hazardous materials. Thisguide does not claim to address all of the safety problemsassociated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisguide to establish appropriate safety and healthy practices andto determine the applicability of limitations prior to use.6. Equipment6.
23、1 The following equipment may be used during thepreparation or evaluation process:6.1.1 Lights for a flat horizontal surface require overheadlighting that simulates North Daylight (that is, Mac BethLighting). See ASTM MNL 60 (1).56.1.2 Lights for a vertical surface may use the Mac Bethportable light
24、 box.6.1.3 Surfaces identified as nonporous are: glass, ceramic,sheet acrylicalso known as Formica, porcelain, enamel,painted metal, stainless steel, and chrome. Other non-poroussurfaces can be used depending on research objectives.6.1.4 Test soil (refer to Guides D4265 and D5343 forexample soil for
25、mulas).6.1.5 Metered sprayer.6.1.6 Deionized water.6.1.7 Reagent grade Acetone.6.1.8 Cheesecloth.6.1.9 Vertical rack for drying soiled surfaces.6.1.10 Lint free paper towels or absorbent cotton cloths.7. Procedure7.1 These procedures are designed for the preparation ofnonporous surfaces to be evalua
26、ted by trained assessors orconsumers for acceptance in a Central Location Test (CLT)environment. Not all portions of these procedures may need tobe conducted and will depend on the objective and scope of thesensory test(s). Depending on the products end-use, select thesoils and surfaces on which thi
27、s product should be evaluated. Itis suggested consideration be given to testing on multiplesurfaces or multiple soils, or both, to satisfy the objective of thetest.7.2 Preparation of Surface for TestingSelect the nonpo-rous surface(s) that are appropriate for the particular hardsurface cleaner to be
28、 evaluated. The test surfaces selectedshould be thoroughly cleaned before and between uses. Thetest surface has to be evaluated prior to use to determine that itis free of manufacturer defects. This will help minimize anyvariability from surface to surface. The surface should becleaned sequentially
29、as follows:7.2.1 Wash in warm water with unscented hand dish wash-ing liquid.7.2.2 Rinse with deionized water.7.2.3 Wipe surface dry of any residual water with cheese-cloth. Do not allow water droplets to dry on surface.7.2.4 Rinse surface with acetone (reagent grade).7.2.5 Wipe surface dry of any r
30、esidual acetone withcheesecloth, especially on surface edge.7.2.6 Exposing the cleaned surfaces to a live stream of airshould be used to assess the effectiveness of the surfacecleaning process. Those areas not thoroughly clean will take ona white, highly reflective appearance. In such a case, the en
31、tiresurface will be re-cleaned, repeating the above steps. Soiling ofthe test surface should not occur until the test surface has beenthoroughly cleaned.7.2.7 After cleaning, place the clean surfaces on a verticalrack. Be sure the vertical rack does not allow the surfaces totouch each other. Take ca
32、ution to avoid recontaminating theclean surface.7.3 Application of SoilsSelect soils suitable for the hardsurface cleaner of interest. Industry standard soil formulationsare available through industry organizations such as ASTM,CSPA (Consumer Specialty Products Association), and IKW5The boldface num
33、bers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.E2346/E2346M 152(Industrieverband Krperpflege-und Waschmittel e.V. Ger-man industrial union of detergents and cosmetics). It is theresponsibility of the user of this guide to identify the beststandard soil for their testing
34、 application, for example, bath-room soil, kitchen soil, etc. The selected soil should be appliedin a reproducible, uniform, and standard manner. To illustratethe specific nature of the application process, the followinginstruction steps should be used. The example given is whenthe Spangler soil is
35、applied to a glass surface, but is applicablefor other soils and surfaces. Several test methods (CSPA testmethods, see 2.3) are available that present the application ofdifferent soils and cleaning products on diverse surfaces andmight provide additional insights in conducting the proceduresdescribe
36、d in this guide.7.3.1 The Spangler soils are applied using a metered sprayonto the clean surface.7.3.2 Prime the sprayer before use.7.3.3 Apply a suggested 5.5 6 1.0 g of soil to a 30.5 by 30.5cm 12 by 12 in. glass plate. Uniform application of soil isaccomplished by spraying two plates, side-by-sid
37、e in the fumehood, at a distance of approximately 20 cm 8 in., using fourhorizontal sweeping sprays, then two vertical sweeping spraysfor a one-coat application.7.3.4 Repeat this process for a total of three coats to achievethe desired soil weight. To ensure a consistent weight of soilper plate, it
38、is best to spray soil onto tare glass plates and checkthe final weight after complete solvent evaporation. Dependingon the soiling compound, the amount of soil applied may varyfrom the Spangler soil protocol of three coats.7.3.5 All plates used in the testing array should be soiled atthe same time.
39、It is suggested that plates soiled on the same daybe used as a group.7.3.6 WarningThe soiling process requires skill andjudgment. Consideration should be given to the soil loadingdesired for the test objective (light, regular or heavy soil load).The soil load selected should be realistic and applica
40、ble inmeeting the purpose and objective of the test. Practice isencouraged before preparing surfaces for the actual test.7.4 Aging of the SoilsSoils should be aged for 24 h priorto use to ensure that the soil has cured on the hard surface andhas achieved the desired soil tenacity. An exception to th
41、is iswhen using established soil protocol where a different agingtime is provided. An example is the aging process for Spanglersoil: The soiled surface must be aged at 50C for 2 h, followedby cooling to ambient temperature, prior to application of thespray cleaner.7.5 Cleaning of the SurfacesIt is r
42、ecommended that thetrigger spray product being evaluated be used in accordancewith the product use instructions and with the marketed trigger.When appropriate, the user develops/adapts the usage protocolaccording to the research objective.7.5.1 If the surface is one that is cleaned in a verticalposi
43、tion, then it is recommended that the product usage andassessment be made in the vertical position. For example, glassis usually seen in a vertical position (windows). Therefore, it isrecommended that the surface be cleaned vertically and that thearea behind the glass needs to have a neutral backdro
44、p toprevent any distraction from assessing the product performanceon this surface. If the surface is one that is cleaned in ahorizontal position, then it is recommended that the productusage and assessment be made in the horizontal position. Forexample, sheet acrylic is usually seen in a horizontal
45、position(counter tops). For assessing horizontal surfaces, the Mac BethLighting needs to be positioned such that shadows do not fallacross the surface being evaluated.7.5.2 The test objective will determine who applies theproduct. For example, if application is the area beingevaluated, then the asse
46、ssors or trained assessors apply theproduct. If visual is the area being assessed, the sensoryprofessional applies the trigger products and cleans the surface.This is to ensure consistency across the treated surfaces.7.5.3 Assessors and trained assessors wipe the surface witha lint free paper towel
47、or an absorbent cotton cloth. Throughorientations prior to evaluations trained assessors will haveestablished the number of wipes, the direction of wipes, and theamount of pressure that they need to apply for an applicationassessment.7.6 Trained Assessors:7.6.1 Trained descriptive panels should be u
48、sed when thereis the desire to obtain a detailed qualitative and quantitativeproduct characterization and to determine the differencesbetween products on sensory product attributes.7.6.2 For general information on panel selection criteria andtraining, consult ASTM Manual 13 (2), ASTM Manual 26 (3),a
49、nd ASTM STP 758 (4). Additional assessor considerationsshould be taken into account and screened out depending uponthe test requirements. Some considerations are color blindness,olfactory acuity or lack of olfactory sensitivity, allergies, andmedical conditions like pregnancy, breast feeding, or chronicdisease of the assessor.7.7 Consumers:7.7.1 Consumer panels should be used when affective andpreference information is needed.7.7.2 Consumers should be recruited among the targetpopulation. For example, when assessing a glass cleaner, theconsumer should b
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