1、Designation: E 2353 06Standard Test Methods forPerformance of Glass in Permanent Glass Railing Systems,Guards, and Balustrades1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures to be followed intesting the performance of glass in permanent ra
3、iling systems,guards and balustrades installed in and for assembly, commer-cial, educational, industrial, institutional, stadiums, recre-ational, and residential buildings.1.2 These test methods are applicable to such railing, guard,and balustrade systems having glass as the major structuralcomponen
4、t or the infill panel1.3 These test methods can be used to determine whetherpermanent rails, guards and balustrades having a glass compo-nent comply with anticipated performance requirements of theapplicable specifications, codes, and standards.1.4 Specifically, these test methods cover procedures f
5、ordetermining the static strength, impact performance, and postbreakage retention characteristics of railing systems, guards,and balustrades with a glass component installed in one, two,three and four side support systems that are fastened toconcrete, masonry, wood, and metal as well as related prod
6、ucts.1.5 No consideration is given in these test methods to anypossible deterioration of the railing, guard, or balustradesystem or their connections and fasteners as resulting fromadverse environmental or in-service conditions. The perfor-mance of special tests covering this aspect may be desirable
7、.1.6 These test methods are limited to the application ofconcentrated and linear loads and impact resistance describedherein. Whenever uniformly distributed loads are to be resistedby a railing system, guard, or balustrade in accordance withgoverning specifications, codes and standards, the effects
8、ofsuch loads on the member stresses shall be determined bycalculation and the corresponding concentrated and linearloads shall be tested. Should computations make it possible toprovide the needed information, testing can be employed forverification.1.7 These test methods address the capability of gl
9、ass rails,guards, and balustrades in one, two, three and four sidedsupport systems to continue in their function as a barrier byremaining in the designed framing system after impact or glassbreakage. This specification does not address structural limita-tion of glass rails, guards, and balustrades o
10、r vehicular guardsexcept when in the area of a pedestrian walkway.1.8 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regardedas standard. Values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Certain values contained in reference documents citedand quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and
11、 mustbe converted by the user.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation
12、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 329 Specification for Agencies Engaged in ConstructionInspection and/or TestingE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 699 Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved inTesting, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of BuildingComponentsE
13、 935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE 1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails forBuildings1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.
14、56on Performance of Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 2353 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
15、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 2025 Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration
16、 Compo-nents and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies2.2 Other Standards:ANSI Z97.1 Standard Glazing Materials Used in Buildings16 CFR Part 1201 CPSC Safety Standard for ArchitecturalGlazing Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral terms used in this standard testmethod are defined in T
17、erminologies E 631 and E 1481. Termscommon to this standard test method and referenced testmethods are defined in the respective document unless definedherein.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 failure loada load, which, if placed upon a specimenor test piece, causes fracture o
18、f the glass.3.2.2 glazing retentionthe property of maintaining theglass or glazing material, post breakage, in a system, such thatthe glass must be held in the framing system with no openingsufficient to pass a 75 mm (3 in.) solid steel sphere through thesystem using a horizontally applied force of
19、18 N (4.0 lb).3.2.3 guard rail systema protective railing system alongthe outer edges of locations of an accessible roof, balcony,landing, platform, or ramp, designed to minimize the probabil-ity of an accidental fall from the walking surface.3.2.4 interlayera layer of material acting as an adhesive
20、between lites of glazing, which adds additional performanceattributes to the finished product; for example: impact resis-tance, solar control, and acoustical insulation.3.2.5 litea term for a single pane (or piece) of glass orother glazing material.3.2.6 specifying authoritythe design professional r
21、espon-sible for interpreting applicable regulations of authoritieshaving jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specificfactors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate thespecified design load and furnishing other information requiredfor performance of specified materials.3.2.7
22、stileone of the upright structural members of aframe or a framework of bars.4. Types4.1 For purposes of these test methods, glass rails, guards,and balustrade assemblies are classified as types and aredescribed in 4.1.1 through 4.1.5 and as shown in Figs. 1-8.4.1.1 Type IA glass rail, guard, or balu
23、strade assemblywith a single full view glazing material that is fully captured onall sides (that is, four side support).4.1.2 Type IIA glass rail, guard, or balustrade assemblywith a single full view or multiple units of glazing material thatare captured on two sides (that is, two side support).4.1.
24、3 Type IIIA glass rail, guard, or balustrade assemblywith a single full view glazing material that is held in place bya point fixed glazing system, corner brackets or other non-continuous brace along a portion of the glazing.4.1.4 Type IVA glass rail, guard, or balustrade assemblywith a single full
25、view glazing material that is fully captured onthree sides (that is, three side support).4.1.5 Type VA glass rail, guard, or balustrade assemblywith a single full view glazing material that is fully captured ononly one side (that is, single side support). A decorative orprotective top rail (Fig. 7),
26、 or a handrail may or may not beattached to the glass (Fig. 8), but does not offer structuralsupport to the system.FIG. 1 Type I: Four-side SupportInfillFIG. 2 Type II: Two-side SupportSingle Lite InfillFIG. 3 Type II: Two-side SupportMultiple Lite InfillFIG. 4 Type III: Point Fixed Glazing SystemIn
27、fillFIG. 5 Type IV: Three-side SupportStructuralE23530625. Summary of Test Method5.1 The procedure consists of preparing a specimen inaccordance with the manufacturers or designers specifications.The supporting and embedding materials shall be in accor-dance with intended use. The system or infill m
28、aterial is testedby applying loads and impacting the glazed portion of theassembly in the prescribed sequence, as outlined in Table 1.Asymmetrical systems shall be tested from both sides.5.2 Acceptance criteria for performance levels shall beprovided by the specifying authority. Adoption of performa
29、ncecriteria shall be a matter for authorities having specific juris-diction.6. Significance and Use6.1 These test methods are intended to provide informationfrom which applicable design data can be derived for theperformance of glass in rails, guards and balustrade systems asinfill panels that are f
30、astened to concrete, masonry, wood andmetal as well as related products, and to the performance ofglass as the structural element of the rail, guard, or balustradesystem.6.2 Specification E 329 abd Practice E 699 are standardsthat assist the user of these test methods to apply appropriateprocedures
31、and methods to ensure a quality result is provided.7. Apparatus7.1 Instrumentation, load and time-measuring devices withan accuracy of 62 % or the full scale shall be incorporated inthe test setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that theperformance levels are within an accuracy of 65%.7.2 Load
32、Attachments, brackets, fasteners, or other devicesused in performing these tests shall be designed and attached soas to minimize their influence on the test results.7.3 Shot Bag, Traction and Release System:7.3.1 The test apparatus shall be capable of supporting a45.4 kg (100 lb) shot bag and allowi
33、ng unimpeded swinging ofthe shot bag from a drop height of 1220 mm (48 in.). Theimpactor system consists of the impactor, traction, release, andsuspension devices as described in CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201.7.3.2 The impactor shall consist of the leather bag describedin Fig. 9, a commercial punching bag3w
34、ith its bladder left inplace, or any other leather bag of nominally identical shape andsize. The bag shall be filled with lead shot of 2.4 6 0.1 mmdiameter (nominal USA No. 71/2 or European No. 7 lead shot)and taped. After filling with lead shot, the top shall be eitherpulled over the metal sleeve a
35、nd tied with a cord; or twistedaround the threaded eyebolt shaft and tied below the metalsleeve, or both. To reduce bag damage during testing, theexterior of the leather bag surface shall be completely coveredwith glass filament reinforced pressure sensitive polyesteradhesive tape,412 to 15 mm (0.5
36、to 0.6 in.) in width and 0.15mm (0.006 in.) thick. Tape the entire bag, using three (3) rollsor 165 m (180 yd) total length, and taping in a diagonal-overlapping manner. Tape the neck of the bag separately, withadditional glass filament reinforced tape of the same kind. Thetotal mass of the impactor
37、 assembly shall be 45.4 6 0.1 kg(100 lb 6 4 oz), excluding traction system attachments.7.3.3 A traction system shall be used which enables theimpactor to be brought into its launch position. The launchposition depends on the drop height selected. The tractioncable shall be connected to the impactor
38、traction system by arelease mechanism, with provisions for rotating the impactor.3Such as 230 mm (9 in.) diameter by 360 mm (14 in.) high Everlast 4207 (raw,full grain 85-g (3-oz) cowhide) or Everlast 4212 (split 85-g (3-oz) cowhide)available from Everlast Sports, Bronx, New York, USA. These are tra
39、denames. Thisinformation is given for the convenience of users and does not constitute anendorsement of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can beshown to lead to the same results. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International
40、Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.4Such as 3M No. 898 (a tradename), or equal. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comme
41、nts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 6 Type V: One-side SupportStructuralFIG. 7 Type V: One-side Support with Protective TopRailStructuralFIG. 8 Type V: One-side Support with Surface Attached / BoltedHandrailStructuralTA
42、BLE 1 Test SummaryTypeTest 1:FrameATest 2:Glazing Infill Impact 1BTest 3:Glazing Infill Impact 2CI through V A, B, and C Shot Bag PendulumATests performed as outlined in Test Method E 935.BTests performed as described in ANSI Z97.1 and 13.3 of this standard.CTests performed as described in Test Meth
43、od E 2025 and 13.4 of thisstandard.E23530637.4 Pendulum Impactor:7.4.1 Apparatus specified in Section 6 of Test MethodE 2025 with the specifications noted in sections 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.7.4.2 Impactor:7.4.2.1 The impactor shall be a pendulum system made ofsteel and capable of delivering horizontal impa
44、cts of up to 100FIG. 9 Shot Bag ImpactorFIG. 10 Vertical Loading Points and Glass FailureE2353064J (74 ft-lbf). The striking end of the impactor shall have aremovable steel hemispherical nose approximately 30 mm(1.25 in.) diameter.7.4.3 Impact Nose:7.4.3.1 The impact nose shall be 63 6 5 mm (2.5 6 0
45、.2 in.)in diameter and the radial tolerance shall be within 3.2 mm (18in.). The nose shall be made of steel. No chips, irregularities, orsurface blemishes that may affect the outcome of the impactshall be present on the impact nose.8. Hazards8.1 Glass breakage may occur during the application ofload
46、s or forces required by the test methods. Take adequateprecautions to protect personnel from broken glass.8.2 Glazing anchorage, glass, and other test specimen com-ponents may suddenly fail when loads and forces are appliedduring these test methods, causing the assembly to rapidlymove. Take adequate
47、 precautions to protect personnel fromrapidly moving weights and test specimen components.9. Test Selection, Sampling, Test Specimens, andInstallation9.1 Test Selection:9.1.1 The only tests that need to be performed are those thatare considered necessary to provide information required bythe request
48、ing party, testing agency and regulatory bodyinvolved.9.2 Sampling:9.2.1 A minimum of three representative replicate speci-mens of each type of system shall be tested.9.2.2 Sequential testing of the same specimen shall bepermissible provided no breakage of any component occursduring the previously p
49、erformed tests.9.3 Test Specimens:9.3.1 The specimen installation, including the post spacing,shall be the same as the actual field installation. The specimenshall have a minimum of three posts or have a minimum linearlength of 3 m (10 ft). Each unique attachment scenario shall betested.9.3.2 Multiple types of infill panels shall be qualified withinone test provided each panel is individually glazed into thesystem prior to the start of the test. No substitution of infillproduct shall be permitted once testing has commenced.9.4 Installation:9.4.1 The glass rail,
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