1、Designation: E2358 04 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forthe Performance of Glass in Permanent Glass RailingSystems, Guards, and Balustrades1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glass in permanent railingsystems, guards and balustrad
3、es installed in agricultural, as-sembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, rec-reational, and residential buildings.1.2 This specification is intended to be applied to permanentglass railing systems for buildings and to such railing systems,rails, guards and balustrades having majo
4、r structural compo-nents made of glass, or the secondary components such as infillor balusters made of glass.1.3 This specification considers that the overall outlook isbased on the health and safety of all potential users ofbuildings. The criteria incorporated in this specification pro-vide for nor
5、mal and anticipated building uses, but not forabuses for which the building and its components are notdesigned.1.4 This specification establishes basic minimum require-ments and criteria that lead to satisfactory products undernormal use conditions and does not give consideration todesign criteria f
6、or specific field conditions, the establishment ofwhich is the prerogative and responsibility of the designer,specification writer, and regulatory agencies.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
7、 this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE2025 Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Compo-nents and Assemblies
8、for Resistance to Impact EnergiesF1233 Test Method for Security Glazing Materials AndSystemsE935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails for Build-ingsE2353 Test Methods for Performance of Glass in Permanent
9、Glass Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades2.2 Other Standards:ANSI Z97.1 Glazing Materials Used in Buildings, SafetyPerformance Specifications and Methods of Test3CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201 Architectural Glazing Materials,Federal Register43. Terminology3.1 Definitions: General terms used in this stan
10、dard testmethod are defined in Terminologies E631 and E1481. Termscommon to this standard test method and referenced testmethods are defined in the respective document unless definedherein.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Failure LoadA load, which, if placed upon a struc-ture
11、 or test piece, is just great enough to break it.3.2.2 Glazing Retentionthe property of maintaining theglass or glazing material, post breakage, in a system, such thatthe glass must be held in the framing system with no openingsufficient to pass a 76 mm (3 in.) solid steel sphere through thesystem u
12、sing a horizontally applied force of 18 N (4.0 lbs).3.2.3 Guard SystemA protective railing system along theouter edges of locations of an accessible roof, parapet, balcony,landing, platform or ramp, designed to minimize the probabil-ity of an accidental fall from the walking surface.3.2.4 Interlayer
13、a layer of material acting as an adhesivebetween lites of glazing, which adds additional performanceattributes to the finished product, for example: impact resis-tance, solar control, and acoustical insulation.3.2.5 Litea term for a single pane (or piece) of glass orother glazing material.1This spec
14、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56on Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004. La
15、st previous edition approved in 2004 as E2358 04. DOI:10.1520/E2358-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
16、ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330East-West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
17、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.6 Stileone of the upright structural members of aframe or a framework of bars4. Design Requirements4.1 Railing Height4.1.1 Guardrail Systems:4.1.1.1 The fabricated height of a guardrail system, mea-sured from its top surface to the finished floor level, shal
18、l be atleast 1070 mm (42 in.). When variation in the evenness of thefinished floor will result in any individual height measurementof the installed guardrail system to be less than 1040 mm (41in.), the fabricated height of the entire guardrail system shall beincreased accordingly.4.1.1.2 Within an i
19、ndividual dwelling unit, the requiredrailing height shall be permitted to be reduced as allowed bythe governing jurisdiction.4.1.1.2.1 Where the vertical distance between adjacent fin-ished floor levels is less than 1830 mm (72 in.), the height ofthe guardrail system shall be at least 810 mm (32 in.
20、) (Fig. 1).When variation in the evenness of the finished floor results inany individual height measurement of the installed guardrailsystem less than 790 mm (31 in.), the fabricated height of theentire guardrail system shall be increased accordingly.4.1.1.2.2 Where the vertical distance between adj
21、acent fin-ished floor levels is a minimum of 1830 mm (72 in.), the heightshall be a minimum of 860 mm (34 in.) (Fig. 2). Whenvariations in the evenness of the finished floor results inindividual height measurements of the installed guardrailsystem less than 840 mm (33 in.), the fabricated height of
22、theguardrail system shall be increased accordingly.4.1.1.3 In public assembly, elementary school, and multiple-family buildings where the vertical distance between stair andadjacent floor levels is more than 6100 mm (20 ft), the requiredheight of the top of the railing above the finished floorinclud
23、ing any variation shall be at least 1220 mm (48 in.).4.1.1.4 For balconies in public-assembly buildings, therequired railing height in front of the first row of fixed seatsshall be reduced to 660 mm (26 in.) provided adequate safetyis established by the design and approved by the authorityhaving jur
24、isdiction; however, it shall be a minimum of 910 mm(36 in.) at aisle ends and a minimum of 1070 mm (42 in.)where aisle steps are perpendicular to the railing system.4.1.2 Handrails and Stair-rail Systems4.1.2.1 In corridors, ramp, walkways, and enclosed stair-ways having a slope of at least 1 in 20,
25、 the height of thehandrail of the stair-rail system, measured from its top surfaceto the finished floor level or tread-nose line, shall be not lessthan 860 mm (34 in.) nor more than 970 mm (38 in.). When astair-rail system is higher than 970 mm (38 in.), a separatehandrail shall be installed at a he
26、ight of not less than 860 mm(34 in.) nor more than 970 mm (38 in.).4.1.2.2 Where required and in childcare and educationalfacilities serving children under the age of 12 years, a secondseparate handrail shall be permitted to be installed at amounting height of 610 mm to 710 mm (24 in. to 28 in.). Th
27、evertical clearance between the handrails shall be at least 230mm (9 in.).4.1.3 Transfer Rails Systemswhere transfer rail systemsare to be installed, such as in toilets and bathrooms, therequired height, measured from its top surface to the finishedfloor level, shall not be less than 760 mm (30 in.)
28、 nor more than860 mm (34 in.).4.2 Railing System Penetration4.2.1 Various members of the railing system, such as balus-ters, screens, wire mesh, or scrolls, shall be arranged in such away that a sphere, 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter cannot be passedthrough any opening in the system.4.2.2 Toe boards shal
29、l be provided in areas where tools andother objects could be dislodged and fall on occupants below.The top of the toe board shall not be less than 102 mm (4 in.)and the bottom not more than 12 mm (12 in.) above the averagefinished level at the line of the vertical supports of the railingsystem.4.3 H
30、andrail Design:4.3.1 Handrails shall be designed to permit continuoussliding of hands. The hardware chosen for attaching handrailsto balusters or walls shall be such that projecting lugs, devices,FIG. 1 Guardrail height for adjacent floors with wall heights up to but not including 1830 mm (72 in).E2
31、358 04 (2010)2or other construction elements shall have no sharp edges ordangerous protrusions.4.3.2 Handrail ends shall be returned to supporting walls orotherwise arranged to avoid projecting rail ends. Wall handrailsat stairs and ramps and other handrails that are not continuousshall be extended
32、horizontally for a distance of at least 305 mm(12 in.) beyond the intersection of the finish line (plane of treadnose lines) of the stair or ramp and the landings, unlessinterference limits such an extension.4.3.3 The clearance between the handrail and the mountingsurface or any protrusions from thi
33、s surface shall be 38 mm (112 in.). The handrail shall project no more than 89 mm (312in.) into the required egress width. The vertical clearance in arecess shall be in accordance with the provision in 4.4.5.4.3.4 The hand-grip portion of the handrail shall not be lessthan 32 mm (114 in.) or more th
34、an 51 mm (2 in.) in outsidediameter.4.4 Transfer Rail Design:4.4.1 Transfer rails shall be designed to permit continuoussliding of the arm and hand supporting the body weight duringtransfer. The hardware chosen for attaching the transfer railsshall be such that projecting lugs, devices, or other con
35、structionelements shall not interrupt the continuous sliding of the arm orhand or catches loose clothing. The transfer rails, includingtheir fasteners, shall not have sharp edges or dangerousprotrusions. The transfer rail top surface shall not be abrasive.4.4.2 Transfer rails shall be returned to su
36、pporting walls orotherwise arranged to avoid projecting rail ends that couldcatch clothing or objects during normal activity around the railends.4.4.3 The clearance between the face of the transfer rail andthat of the mounting surface or any protrusions from thissurface shall be at least 38mm (1-12
37、in.).4.4.4 The hand-grip portion of the transfer rail shall have aperimeter of not less than 102 mm (4 in.) nor more than 165mm (6-12 in.), and a maximum to minimum cross-sectionaldimension ratio of not more than two.4.4.5 Transfer rails shall not be located in a wall recessunless this recess is not
38、 more than 76 mm (3 in.) deep andextends at least 460 mm (18 in.) above the top of the transferrail, with the extension parallel with the wall surface or slopingfrom the depth of the recess to the wall surface above the recessin such a way that grasping of the transfer rail and transfer ofthe body w
39、eight is not impeded.4.5 Special Consideration Concerning Performance ofStructural SystemIn the event of lateral loading resultingfrom wind and seismic forces, the designer of the railingsystem shall evaluate the influence of the railing system on thebuildings structural system.4.6 Permissible Dimen
40、sional Tolerances, except as indi-cated otherwise:4.6.1 Fabrication tolerances of components shall be within6 1.5 mm (0.0625 in.).FIG. 2 Guardrail height for adjacent floors with wall heights equal to or greater than 1830 mm (72 in.)FIG. 3 Recessed Transfer RailE2358 04 (2010)34.6.2 Alignment tolera
41、nces of installed products shall bewithin 6 6mm(14 in.) within a length of 6100 mm (20 ft).5. Classification5.1 Classifications of systems passing the performance re-quirements are outlined in section 5 of this standard. Basicclassification shall indicate type of system (Type I through Vsee Figs. 48
42、c) and level of performance (1, 2, 3 or 4), withlevel one relating to Basic, level two relating to Safety, andlevel three and four relating to Enhanced.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The Performance Requirements are outlined in Table 1and section 6.2 below:6.2 Deflection Requirements6.2.1 The maximu
43、m allowable deflection at the required testload, measured at the top of the rail system at the critical pointof load application and from the position of the rail afterrelease of the preload, shall not be more than described in6.2.1.1-6.2.1.4 of this standard.6.2.1.1 When the load is applied at the
44、line of verticalsupport, the horizontal deflection shall not exceed the railheight (h) divided by 12 or h/12, with h being the distancebetween the surface of the uppermost post anchorage and thetop of the top rail.6.2.1.2 When the horizontal load is applied at the mid-spanof the rail, the horizontal
45、 deflection shall not exceed the sum ofthe rail height (h) divided by 24 plus the rail length (l) betweenthe vertical supports divided by 96, or h/24+l/96.6.2.1.3 When the vertical load is applied at the mid-span ofthe rail, the vertical deflection shall not exceed the length (l)divided by 96 or l/9
46、6.6.2.1.4 Residual deflection at the released test load, which isat 50% of the preload, shall not exceed 20% of the deflectionpermitted in 6.2.1.1-6.2.1.3 or 12 mm (12 in.), whichever isless.7. Pass/Fail Criteria7.1 Structural (Frame) Performance7.1.1 Complete glazing retention must occur and the gl
47、assmust be unbroken at the completion of each test.7.2 Shot Bag Impact Performance7.2.1 The glass shall be retained in the framing system suchthat a 76 mm (3 in.) solid steel sphere shall not pass throughany part of the system using a horizontally applied force of 18N (4.0 lb).7.3 Pendulum Impact Pe
48、rformance7.3.1 The glass shall be retained in the framing system suchthat a 76 mm (3 in.) solid steel sphere will not pass through anypart of the system using a horizontally applied force of 18 N(4.0 lb).8. Permissible Variations and Substitutions8.1 Thinner glazing shall qualify thicker glazing pro
49、vided atleast one of the following criteria is met:FIG. 4 Type I: Four-side support - InfillFIG.5aTypeII:Two-sidesupport Single Lite InfillFIG.5bTypeII:Two-sidesupport Multiple Lite Infill (continued)FIG. 6 Type III: Point Fixed Glazing System - InfillFIG. 7 Type IV: Three-side support - StructuralFIG.8aTypeV:One-side support - StructuralE2358 04 (2010)48.1.1 Tempered Glass shall be capable of meeting thefragmentation particle size test as outlined in CPSC 16 CFRPart 1201.8.1.2 Laminated glass shall have the same glass type (e.g.heat treatment) and minimum
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