ASTM E2375-2008(2013) Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products《锻造产品超声检测的标准方法》.pdf

1、Designation: E2375 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forUltrasonic Testing of Wrought Products1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2375; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 PurposeThis practice establishes the minimum re-quirements for ultrasonic examination of wrought products.NOTE 1This standard was

3、 adopted to replace MIL-STD-2154, 30Sept. 1982. This standard is intended to be used for the same applicationsas the document which it replaced. Users should carefully review itsrequirements when considering its use for new, or different applications,or both.1.2 ApplicationThis practice is applicabl

4、e for examinationof materials such as, wrought metals and wrought metalproducts.1.2.1 Wrought Aluminum Alloy ProductsExaminationshall be in accordance with Practice B594.1.3 Acceptance ClassWhen examination is performed inaccordance with this practice, engineering drawings,specifications, or other a

5、pplicable documents shall indicate theacceptance criteria. Five ultrasonic acceptance classes aredefined in Table 1. One or more of these classes may be usedto establish the acceptance criteria or additional or alternatecriteria may be specified.1.4 Order of PrecedenceContractual requirements andaut

6、horized direction from the cognizant engineering organiza-tion may add to or modify the requirements of this practice.Otherwise, in the event of conflict between the text of thispractice and the references cited herein, the text of this practicetakes precedence. Nothing in this practice, however, su

7、per-sedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemp-tion has been obtained.1.5 Measurement ValuesThe values stated in inch-poundsare to be regarded as standard. The metric equivalents are inparentheses.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass

8、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice tothe extent specif

9、ied herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:3B107/B107M Specification for Magnesium-Alloy ExtrudedBars, Rods, Profiles, Tubes, and WireB221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Ex-truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesB241/B241M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamle

10、ss Extruded TubeB594 Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-AlloyWrought ProductsE127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Al-loy Ultrasonic Standard Reference BlocksE164 Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of WeldmentsE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe andTubin

11、gE317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics ofUltrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systemswithout the Use of Electronic Measurement InstrumentsE428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Otherthan Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in UltrasonicTestingE543 Specification f

12、or Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1065 Guide for Evaluating Characteristics of UltrasonicSearch UnitsE1158 Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication ofReference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ul-trasonic Testing of Metal and Metal Alloy ProductionMaterialE1316 Terminology for

13、Nondestructive Examinations2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)Standards:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing41This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the dire

14、ct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 onUltrasonic Method.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2375 - 08. DOI:10.1520/E2375-08R13.2When accepted by DoD this standard is expected to replace MIL-STD-2154.3

15、For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from TheAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing

16、 (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel42.4 Society for

17、Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:AMS 4928 Titanium Alloy, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings6Al-4V Annealed5AMS 6409 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 0.80 Cr, 1.8Ni, 0.25 Mo, (0.38 - 0.45 C), (SAE 4340) Special AircraftSteel Cleanliness, Normalized and Tempered5AMS 6415 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and

18、 Tubing, 0.80 Cr, 1.8Ni, 0.25 Mo (0.38 - 0.43 C) (SAE 4340)5AMS 6484 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 080 Cr, 1.8Ni, 0.25 Mo (0.38 - 0.43 C) (SAE 4340) Normalized andTempered52.5 Aerospace Industries Association Standard:NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel62.6 F

19、ederal Specifications:QQ-A-225/6 Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire, Rolled,Drawn, or Cold Finished, 20246QQ-A-225/9 Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, Wire, and SpecialShapes, Rolled, Drawn, or Cold Finished, 707562.7 Military Standards:7NOTE 2For DoD contracts, unless otherwise specified, the issues ofthe do

20、cuments which are DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of theDoDISS (Department of Defense Index of Specifications Standards) citedin the solicitation.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions relating to ultrasonicexamination, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall applyto the terms used in t

21、his standard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back surface resolutionthe minimum distance be-tween the back surface and a discontinuity of known size thatwill result in a clear differentiation of the two signals asindicated by the trace recovering to 20 % or less of disconti-

22、nuity or back surface amplitude (whichever is lower) betweenthe indications at the sensitivity required for the specifiedexamination.3.2.2 cognizant engineering organizationthe company,government agency, or other authority responsible for thedesign, or end use, of the system or component for whichul

23、trasonic examination is required. This, in addition to designpersonnel, may include personnel from engineering, materialand process engineering, stress analysis, NDT or qualitygroups and others, as appropriate.3.2.3 contract documentany document specified in thecontract, including the purchase order

24、, specification, drawing,or other written material.3.2.4 displaythe display on which ultrasonic data arepresented, including, but is not limited to, cathode ray tubes,liquid crystals, electro-luminescent phosphors, or plasmas.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr.

25、, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.6Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.7Copies of specifications, standards, drawings and publications required bymanufacturers in connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtainedfrom the contracting ac

26、tivity or as directed by the contracting officer.TABLE 1 Ultrasonic ClassesClassSingle DiscontinuityResponseA,BMultipleCDiscontinuitiesLinearDDiscontinuityLength and ResponseLoss of BackReflection PercentE,FNoiseG,HAAAH 164 in. (0.397 mm)or 25 % of364 in. FB10 % of364 in.(0.119 mm) FB18 in. (3.176 m

27、m) long and 10 % of364 in. (0.119 mm) FB50 alarm levelAAH 364 in. (1.19 mm)FB264 in.I(0.794 mm)FB12 in. (12. 7 mm)long264 in. response (0.794 mm)FB50 alarm levelA564 in. (1.98 mm)FB364 in. (1.191 mm)FB1 in. (25.4 mm)long364 in. response (1.19 mm)FB50 alarm levelB864 in. (3.18 mm)FB564 (1.98 mm)FB1 i

28、n. (25.4 mm)long564 in. response (1.98 mm)FB50 alarm levelC864 in. (3.18 mm) Not Applicable Not Applicable 50 alarm levelAAny discontinuity with a response greater than the response from a flat-bottom hole or equivalent notch (see footnoteB) at the estimated discontinuity depth and thediscontinuity

29、size given is not acceptable.BSee Fig. 3, Fig. 4,orFig. 5 for dimensions of notches and holes when these are required for angle beam examination of tube walls and near-surface regions of cylindricalparts and other products.CMultiple discontinuities with indications greater than the response from a r

30、eference flat-bottom hole or equivalent notch at the estimated discontinuity depth of the sizegiven (diameter) are not acceptable if the centers of any two of these discontinuities are less than one inch apart (not applicable to Class C).DAny discontinuity longer than the length given with indicatio

31、ns equal to or greater than the response given (flat-bottom hole or notch response) is not acceptable. Notapplicable to Class C).ELoss of back reflection by more than 50 %, when compared to non-defective material in the same or a similar part, is not acceptable.FFor longitudinal examination of mater

32、ial over 6-in. (152.4-mm) thick in the short transverse direction, any loss of back reflection equal to or greater than 12 dB over anarea 2 by 2 in. (50.8 by 50.8 mm) is rejectable. (Noise level is not relevant to this back reflection evaluation.GNoise which exceeds the alarm level setting (see 7.4.

33、10.7), is not acceptable, except for titanium. For titanium alloys, the alarm level may be set just above the noiselevel, but shall not exceed 70 % of the reference standard response.HWhen examining titanium, Class AA and Class AAA, no rejection shall be made on the basis of “noise” level, if within

34、 the limits specified in footnoteG.IEvaluation may be done by setting up on a364 in. (1.19 mm) hole and adding 7 dB of gain. (Also see Note 5 under Table 5.)E2375 08 (2013)23.2.5 entry surface resolutionthe minimum distance be-tween the entry surface and a discontinuity of known size thatwill result

35、 in a clear differentiation of the two signals asindicated by the trace recovering to 20 % or less of thediscontinuity amplitude between the indications at the sensi-tivity required for the specified examination.3.2.6 full scale deflection (FSD)the maximum displayablesignal amplitude on the display

36、device, or any signal reachingor exceeding the 100 % amplitude scale graduation.3.2.7 horizontal limitthe maximum readable length ofhorizontal position that is determined either by electrical or aphysical limit in the A-scan presentation of an ultrasonicexamination instrument.3.2.8 immersion ultraso

37、nic examinationthe use of a watermedium to couple the search unit to the part surface. Thistechnique includes immersion in a tank of water, the use ofwater columns, bubblers, or similar device.3.2.9 primary reference responsethe maximized signalamplitude obtained from the applicable reference reflec

38、tor thatproduces the lowest amplitude signal.3.2.10 vertical linearity limit (upper and lower) values ofthe vertical amplitude at which a proportional relationship withthe input signal deviates from or exceeds a prescribed amount.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended primarily for the

39、 examinationof wrought metals, forged, rolled, machined parts or compo-nents to an ultrasonic class most typically specified in thepurchase order or other contract document.5. Basis of Application5.1 Basis of ApplicationThere are areas in this practicethat may require agreement between the cognizant

40、 engineeringorganization and the supplier, or specific direction from thecognizant engineering organization.6. General Requirements6.1 SpecifyingWhen ultrasonic examination is specified inaccordance with this practice, the ultrasonic technique(immersion, contact, angle beam, straight beam, and so fo

41、rth)and acceptance criteria should be specified. Suggested classesin Table 1 may be specified to establish acceptance criteria. Acontract document shall specify zones, when applicable, toindicate different quality level acceptance criteria based on thecriticality of each zone. When directions of max

42、imum stressingare indicated on a contract document and configuration allows,ultrasonic examination shall be performed to locate disconti-nuities oriented perpendicular to the directions of maximumstressing.6.2 Personnel Qualification/CertificationPersonnel per-forming examinations to this practice s

43、hall be qualified inaccordance with ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, NAS-410, or SNT-TC-1A and certified by the employer or certifying agency asapplicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may beused when specified in the contract or purchase order.6.3 Agency EvaluationIf required by contract, evaluationof

44、 the agency performing examination shall be in accordancewith Practice E543.6.4 Written ProcedureA detailed procedure (generalprocedure, or part specific technique, or both) shall be preparedfor each part and type of examination to be performed. Theprocedure shall meet the requirements of this pract

45、ice and shallprovide consistency for producing the results and quality levelrequired by this practice and other contractual documents. Theprocedure shall be approved by an individual qualified andcertified as a Level III in the practice of ultrasonic examination.The procedure shall be submitted upon

46、 request to the contract-ing agency for approval, or review, or both (see 8.1). Theprocedure shall cover all of the specific information required toset-up and perform the examination, such as the following:6.4.1 Name and address of examination facility,6.4.2 Number of the procedure including latest

47、revisiondesignation, if applicable, and date.6.4.3 Number of this standard including latest revisiondesignation letter, if applicable, and date.6.4.4 Examination method and acceptance criteria to beapplied.6.4.5 Examination zones, if applicable.6.4.6 Specific part number and configuration or product

48、form for which the procedure is being prepared.6.4.7 Manufacturer and model numbers of any instrumen-tation to be used in the examination. Any external recordingequipment, alarm equipment and electronic distance-amplitudecorrection equipment shall be included.6.4.8 Type and size of search unit. Incl

49、ude frequency, focallength, as applicable, manufacturer, sound beam angle anddescription of any wedges, shoes, saddles, stand-offattachments, bubblers, or squirters.6.4.9 Description of manipulating and scanning equipment.6.4.10 Couplant: type and manufacturer.6.4.11 Scanning plan which describes, for each portion ofthe examination, the surfaces from which the examination willbe performed, the ultrasonic modes, and directions of the soundbeam.6.4.12 Method of applying transfer (see 7.4.10.4), if ap-plied.6.4.13 Reference blocks, water path (if