1、Designation: E2443 05 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Guide forVerifying Computer-Generated Test Results Through TheUse Of Standard Data Sets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTE3.1.2 and 3.1.4 were editorially updated in December 2011.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes a proce
3、ss for the verification ofapplication software used to calculate the mechanical proper-ties of materials.1.2 This guide has two purposes: (1) it provides guidelinesfor creating standard data sets for verifying computer-generated test results, and (2) it describes how users can verifywhether the calc
4、ulations in their application software produceaccurate, acceptable results. This does not ensure that thesoftware will produce correct results in all cases. The verifi-cation is only for those conditions covered by the standard datasets. This guide uses the concept of standard “data sets,” whichare
5、made available by the ASTM groups responsible for eachof the individual standards.1.3 This guide defines the terminology, the format, and theprocess for the use of these data sets and how the data sets areto be used for verification. It does not define the specific datasets required to verify each o
6、f the application standards.Rather, such data sets would become a necessary part of thestandard and would be classified as an adjunct in accord withthe definition in section B29 of the “Form and Style for ASTMStandards.” This classifies an adjunct as any material that isrequired for use of the stand
7、ard but is not practicable to publishas an integral part of the standard.1.4 In Annex A1 there is an example of how such data setswould be made available for one example standard.1.5 Because the verification data sets are contained in filessupplied to the application software in the computer, thispr
8、ocedure only provides verification of post-test calculationsperformed by the computer system. It does not evaluate thedata acquisition system, real-time calculations, or any otherpart of the software beyond the post-test calculations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1823 Terminology Relat
9、ing to Fatigue and Fracture Test-ingE1942 Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition SystemsUsed in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics TestingE1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisi-tion Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal TestingMachines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Spec
10、ific to This Standard:3.1.1 ASCIIAmerican National Standard Code for Infor-mation Interchange. Data supplied in this form is readable byany computer system and will be displayed on the screen inhuman readable form.3.1.2 raw datathe sampled values of a sensor output.3.1.3 data setA self-contained set
11、 of data consisting of apreamble, specimen information, and basic data. This may takethe form of a printed document or a computer data file.3.1.4 derived datadata obtained through the processing ofthe raw data.3.1.5 expected resultsThe results accompanying the datasets that are expected from the com
12、puter.3.1.6 item separatorA special character (delimiter) usedto separate items that appear on one line of ASCII characters.3.1.7 keywordA text word or combination of charactersthat uniquely identify an item of information in the SpecimenInformation section. Such keywords are defined in a preambleto
13、 the data set within the standard in which they are to be used.3.1.8 line terminatorA character or sequence of charac-ters used to signify the end of a line of ASCII characters.3.1.9 preambleA text section describing the data set,which standard it applies to, any critical information and1This guide
14、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue andFracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.03 on AdvancedApparatus and Techniques.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E244
15、3-05. DOI:10.1520/E2443-05R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Internationa
16、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.restrictions for use of the data sets, and the expected values(derived data) to be found as a result of running the algorithmusing the basic data. This section of the data set would not beused by the computer, and
17、 would normally be stripped off ofthe data set prior to its use with the computer.3.1.10 segment markerA column of data alongside thecolumns of basic data which indicate different control sectionsduring the test, such as loading versus unloading sections,which might be needed by the algorithm under
18、evaluation.3.1.11 specimen informationInformation about a testedspecimen, other than the basic data, such as specimen dimen-sions, speed of testing, and any other relevant information thatare required in the analysis.3.1.12 statusThe status of the standard data set indicatesthat it has either been a
19、pproved by the appropriate ASTMentity, or that it is unapproved. Unapproved data sets may beposted and made available to users for round robin testing orother purposes, but results from the use of an unapproved dataset would not meet the requirements of this standard guide.4. Description of the Use
20、of Basic Data For SoftwareVerification.4.1 In its most basic form, a mechanical testing systemconsists of a test frame with grips which attach to a testspecimen, a method of applying forces to the specimen, and anumber of transducers that measure the forces and deforma-tions applied to the specimen.
21、 (See Fig. 1)4.2 The measurement system may be divided into threesections for the purpose of verification: the mechanical testframe and its components, the electrical measurement system,and the computer processing of data. This guide is specificallyconcerned only with the final section, namely the c
22、omputerprocessing of data once the basic data are acquired.4.3 The principle of using data sets is that a standard maypublish as an adjunct a set of basic data and expected resultsthat may be used to verify that software designed to implementthe calculations is performing correctly. The user of the
23、data setinputs such data into their computer either automatically,manually, or a combination of both.4.3.1 For example, it may prove most convenient to inputthe specimen information (described in 4.7) manually, and thenhave the computer read the basic data as a file. The user thenstarts the computat
24、ion and compares the actual results withexpected results supplied along with the data set. If such resultsagree with the expected results within the specified tolerance,the computer algorithms may be considered verified. If not, theuser must explore the reason for the difference.4.4 When supplied in
25、 the form of a computer-readable file,the data set shall be in industry-standard ASCII format.4.5 Preamble CharacteristicsThe preamble to the data setis a section of text containing at least the following:4.5.1 Unique ID of the form: ASTM standard number towhich this data set applies, DSxx, where xx
26、 is the data setnumber (revision year.) For example, E 1234-DS2(2005);4.5.2 Title;4.5.3 Any parameters required by the algorithm, and theunits to be used;FIG. 1 Schematic of a typical test systemE2443 05 (2010)124.5.4 Short description of the content of the data file andwhat test conditions this dat
27、a set is verifying;4.5.5 Details of the segment markers on the data file, if any;4.5.6 Expected results (in appropriate units), as well as theallowable tolerance (in %); and4.5.7 Contact information for ASTM International.4.6 The preamble is initiated with the marker ,and terminated by the marker .4
28、.7 Specimen Information Characteristics:4.7.1 The specimen information section consists of a num-ber of rows of information essential for use by the algorithmunder evaluation. Such information might, for example, in-clude the gage length of an extensometer, the dimensions of aspecimen, or the test t
29、emperature. Each row has this format:keyword (text), item separator, value (numeric), units (text).4.7.2 It is required for ease of use that the specimeninformation section contain only essential information for thecalculations to be performed by the computer. Such informa-tion would include the len
30、gth of the basic data file. Otherinformation, such as specimen identification, relative humidity,and so forth which might normally be included in a test reportshould not be included in the specimen information section ofthe data set.4.7.3 The specimen information section is initiated with themarket
31、and terminated by the marker.4.8 Basic Data Characteristics:4.8.1 Following the specimen information section are twoor more columns of synchronous data in a table representing orcontaining data acquired from a test. The order and contents ofeach column are defined by the standard using the data set.
32、 Forexample, the first column might be values for Crack-TipOpening Displacement (COD), and the second might be thecorresponding force values. The first row of the table containscolumn descriptors (text). The second row contains units (text)for each column of data. For example, the COD values mightbe
33、 in mm, and the force values in Newtons.4.8.2 The data is initiated with the marker , andterminated by the marker .4.8.3 Following the two rows of column headings are rowsof basic data. Each row has the format: X value (numeric), itemseparator, Y value (numeric), item separator, Y2 value(numeric), i
34、tem separator,.segment marker, line termina-tor.4.8.4 Items enclosed by square brackets in 4.8.3 areoptional .4.8.5 The segment marker is an optional field in the data thatindicates different sections of data, such as an initial loadingsection, or loading and unloading compliance sections. Itsinclus
35、ion depends on whether it is required for the algorithmbeing tested.4.9 Basic Data Types:4.9.1 Two or more types of Basic Data are suitable forevaluating computer algorithms, absolute and typical, as fol-lows.(1) Absolute data sets are made of straight lines andsegments, which have only one, absolut
36、e correct answer (forexample, a very tight accuracy tolerance).(2) Typical data sets more closely resemble the actual dataone might expect from a test, such as, non-linear curves,discontinuities, or other data characteristics typical of thestandard test.4.10 Validity Testsi4.10.1 It is up to the Tas
37、k Group or Committee responsiblefor the Standard to create and recommend data sets that willadequately test the software for valid or invalid results. That is,if the software must be configured to catch certain things thatmake a test invalid, the data set and expected results must beconfigured to te
38、st these validity checks.4.11 Expected Results:4.11.1 The expected results are supplied along with thebasic data set and provide the correct, calculated (derived)results that should be produced by the software. Also includedwith the expected results is a tolerance band (+ or a certain% of the result
39、) within which the derived data must fall in orderto be considered acceptable. If the derived data falls outside thetolerance band, then it is presumed that the calculations, orcalculation parameters, are incorrect or improperly selected.4.12 Reformatting:4.12.1 It is expected that in many cases the
40、 data set mayhave to be reformatted prior to use, for example, to remove thepreamble and some or all of the specimen information. Thismay be readily done using a suitable software tool to producea reformatted data file that meets the needs of the computer.Note that reformatting does not include or p
41、ermit any contentchanges.4.13 ASCII File format :4.13.1 In the preamble section of the data set, there are noformat requirements other than that it be in ASCII format andreadable by any standard text reader. In the specimen informa-tion and data sections, items are in columns separated by thetab sep
42、arator . The end-of-line terminator should be asequence of carriage return followed by linefeed . Zeroes before decimal separators and after the lastsignificant digit are optional. Numbers shall not use a thou-sands separator.5. System Requirements5.1 No materials specimens or testing machines are r
43、equiredfor this evaluation. All that is necessary is the computer loadedwith the software (algorithm) to be evaluated5.2 The specimen information is supplied to the computereither by being manually typed in, or by direct input if thesoftware can adapt to the format supplied.5.3 The basic data is the
44、n entered by being read from a fileon the computer, or from a storage medium such as a CD.6. Procedure for Creating Data Sets6.1 Each Committee responsible for a standard that wishesto add a test data set to their standard should undertake thefollowing steps:6.1.1 Decide on Parameters to be Verified
45、, The committeeshould decide which parameters determined by the standardmight be implemented by computer algorithms and should beverified.6.1.2 Obtain Data, The committee should obtain one orseveral sets of basic data (absolute or typical, or both) that areE2443 05 (2010)13representative of test dat
46、a that might be obtained from aphysical test. These should then be formatted as described inthis standard for circulation.6.1.3 Provide Expected Results calculation; data acquisition; mechanicalproperties; software; standard data sets; validation; verificationE2443 05 (2010)14ANNEXA1. EXAMPLE OF A S
47、TANDARD DATA TESTA1.1 See Table A1.1.TABLE A1.1 Example of a Standard Data SetNote: The Standard Data Set has a unique ID and three sections: Preamble, Specimen Information, and Data.The Preamble does not have a fixed format. It is in plain language and may be translated into other languages. It is
48、initiated with the marker andterminated with . The Specimen Information has a fixed format and lists only parameters defined in the Preamble and their corresponding values, withunits. It is initiated with and terminated with . The Data section consists of two or more columns of data. The first row o
49、f eachcolumn has text naming the parameter, and the second row names the units. The Data section is initiated with and terminated with .The values given in the example below, including the tolerances on the Expected Results, are only for illustration.E399/1-DS1(2005)Contact information: ASTM International,www.astm.org/appropriate subcommitteeStatus: ApprovedThis is a Standard Data Set E399/1 to evaluate computer algorithms for ASTM Standard E399. It assumes a C(T) specimen geometry. Its format of this Data Setcomplies with ASTM Standard EXXXX-YYYY
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