ASTM E2484-2008 Standard Specification for Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Controlled Descent Devices《多层建筑外部疏散缓降器的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: E 2484 08Standard Specification forMulti-Story Building External Evacuation Controlled DescentDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements, perfor-mance, design, marking instructions, test methods and ancil-la

3、ry components of Multi-Story Building External EvacuationControlled Descent Device (CDD) systems for emergencyescape of persons who cannot use the standard exit facilities inmulti-story buildings, defines requirements for their installa-tion, periodic maintenance when installed and instructions fort

4、heir use.1.2 This specification does not apply to personal escapeparachutes, rope, chain ladders or rappelling devices.1.3 This specification does not apply to ancillary compo-nents used with and included in CDD systems, harnesses,connecting hardware, signage, special evacuation openings,personal pr

5、otection equipment or devices and other compo-nents used on CDD systems which may be installed, purchasedor used in accordance with the requirements specified herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con

6、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray

7、 (Fog) ApparatusE 488 Test Methods for Strength of Anchors in Concreteand Masonry ElementsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 894 Test Method for Anchorage of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE 1512 Test Methods for Testing Bond Performance ofBonded AnchorsE 2265 Termin

8、ology for Anchors and Fasteners in Concreteand Masonry2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI Z359.1 Fall Arrest System Components3ANSI/AWS D, 14.4 Specification for Welded Joints inmachinery and Equipment32.3 ASCE Standard:ASCE 1-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures42.4 ASME Standard:ASME A120

9、 Safety Requirements for Powered Platformsfor Building Maintenance52.5 International Standards:CSA-Z259.10 Full Body Harness, M906CSA-Z259.2.3-99 Descent Control Devices6EN 292-1:1991 Basic Design Concepts and general Prin-ciples of Design for Safety Machinery7EN 362 Connectors and Attachment Hardwa

10、re7EN 1497 Rescue Equipment-Rescue Harness7EN 1498 Rescue Equipment Class B-Rescue Harness7EN 1891 Personal Protective Equipment7PrEN 341:2002 Personal Protective Equipment for Protec-tion Against Falls from Height72.6 ISO Standards:ISO 9002 Quality Management and Manufacturing QualityAssurance8ISO

11、10333-5 Connectors and Attachment Hardware81This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.77on High Rise Building External Evacuation Devices.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February

12、 2008. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2484 - 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summa

13、ry page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.5Available from American

14、Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.7Available from European Committee for Standa

15、rdization (CEN), 36 rue deStassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.8Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70

16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.7 NEMA Standard:NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment92.8 NFPA Standard:NFPA 130 Appendix B 2.1.1 and B 2.1.2102.9 OSHA Document:OSHA Safety and Health Bulletin, SHIB 02-24-2004 Suspension Trauma/Orthostatic Intolerance112.10 UL Standard:UL

17、 1523 Controlled Descent Devices for Marine Use, 9, 15,16, 17 and 18123. Terminology3.1 See Terminology E 631 for definitions of general con-cepts related to building construction.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 controlled descent device, (CDD) systema systemthat lowers one

18、or two people per descent, at a controlled rateof descent, with each person wearing a rescue harness, on theoutside of a building, from an upper level to the ground orother safe location.3.2.1.1 controlled descent device (CDD)a device that isan integral part of all CDD systems, which controls the ra

19、te ofdescent.3.2.1.2 automatic controlled descent devicea CDD thatprovides automatic control of the rate of descent without anyaction required of the user.3.2.1.3 automatic controlled descent device, with manualoverridea CDD that provides automatic control of the rate ofdescent with a manual overrid

20、e capability which gives the userthe ability to slow or stop the descent.3.2.2 force limitera mechanism that limits the force on theuser, rescue line, rail or track and all in line, load bearing CDDsystem components and parts to a specific value duringdeceleration.3.2.3 one time rescue CDDa CDD syst

21、em or CDD that iscapable of only one rescue descent.3.2.4 repetitive rescue CDDa CDD system or CDD that iscapable of being returned to the site of descent initiation andused repetitively.3.2.5 multiple rescue CDD systema CDD system capableof multiple rescues using multiple, one time rescue CDDs anda

22、 descent rail or track.3.2.6 rescue harnessan adjustable human body holdingdevice or harness assembly, which supports the pelvis and thetorso.3.2.6.1 separate rescue harnessa rescue harness is aseparate component of the CDD system that connects to arescue line or the CDD.3.2.6.2 integral rescue harn

23、essa rescue harness is anintegral part of a descending CDD system.3.2.7 rescue linea flexible cable or rope that is used tosupport individuals during descent.3.2.7.1 anchored rescue linea rescue line that is anchoredat the descent initiation location and is dispensed from orpasses through a descendi

24、ng CDD.3.2.7.2 descending rescue linea rescue line that is dis-pensed from or passes through a CDD that is anchored at thedescent initiation location.3.2.8 descent rail or trackload bearing assemblies onwhich CDDs are mounted, inserted or attached and secured.Descent rails and tracks are components

25、of CDD systems thatare pre-installed on the outside of buildings and joined togetherin sections on which specially designed CDDs are supportedduring controlled descent.3.2.9 special evacuation openinga pre-installed special ormodified window or door that can be opened to allow access tothe outside o

26、f a building during an emergency.3.2.10 rated loadthe weight of the person or personsbeing rescued including items worn or carried. The weights ofsystem component parts that descend are not included in therated load.3.2.10.1 minimum rated loadthe lightest weight of aperson, including items worn or c

27、arried that must result in acontrolled descent, within the required rate of descent limits.3.2.10.2 maximum rated loadthe heaviest weight of theperson or persons, being rescued, including items worn orcarried that must result in a controlled descent, within therequired rate of descent limits.3.2.11

28、anchoragethe physical weight bearing attachmentof a CDD, rescue line or any part of a CDD system, to abuilding including the attachment of rails or tracks.3.2.12 maximum rated heightthe highest elevation fromwhich a specific CDD may be used.3.2.13 total descent energyThe total descent energy W,expre

29、ssed in Joules is the energy that must be dissipated by aCDD during use. It is equal to the product of the descent load(m) multiplied by the acceleration of gravity, (g) times theheight of the descent, (h) times the number of cycles, (n);W 5 m 3 g 3 h 3 n3.2.13.1 DiscussionTotal descent energy manif

30、ests asheat energy that must be dissipated by CDD systems during useand is a critical parameter that must be accounted for in thethermal design of each system according to its Class and itsmaximum rated height.3.2.14 static loadthe specified steady state load, ex-pressed in Kilo Newton that must be

31、supported by the CDD,rescue line, rail, track, connector, connection hardware, mountsand anchors.3.2.15 dynamic loadthe dynamic load that results fromfree-fall, expressed in Kilo Newton that must be supported bythe CDD, rescue line, rail, track, connector, connection hard-ware, mounts and anchors.3.

32、2.16 free falluncontrolled descent.3.2.17 suspended trauma syndromea sometimes fatalcondition caused by blood pooling when the legs are keptmotionless in the vertical downward position during the periodof suspension in some types of harnesses.9Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Associa

33、tion (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.10Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.11Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW,

34、 Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.12Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.E24840823.2.18 re-certificationthe process by which the manufac-turer or their representative repairs or refurbishes CDD sys-tems, and approves them for ad

35、ditional use.3.2.19 hazard and safety assessmentthe process, involv-ing hazard and safety evaluation, to determine that the safetyand health hazards associated with the installation and use of aCDD system are acceptable.4. Significance and Use4.1 PurposeThis standard defines the design, materials,ph

36、ysical properties, operation and testing requirements forCDD systems, for use as a last resort for the externalevacuation of people from multi-story buildings.4.2 Test RequirementsThe test requirements contained inSection 16 are for the purpose of design verification andcertification, that CDD Syste

37、ms comply with the requirementsof this standard. Each manufacturer, in concert with the testingauthority shall develop detailed test plans and procedures,based on the requirements of Section 16.4.3 Test and Inspection DocumentationAll tests and in-spections shall be fully documented and retained by

38、the testingauthority and the manufacturer.4.4 Installation, Instruction and Periodic MaintenanceThis standard also defines requirements for the installation,instruction of those intending to use the CDDs and periodicmaintenance of installed CDD systems.4.5 Hazard and Risk AnalysisThe standard also i

39、ncludesrequirements for hazard and risk analysis.5. CDD Classification5.1 Type designates automatic control or automatic controlwith manual override capability and indicates whether or not aforce limiter is employed.5.2 Grade designates storage or permanent mounting of theCDD System or its component

40、s on the inside or outside of abuilding.5.3 Class designates CDD Systems with one time rescue,repetitive rescue or multiple rescue capability, with the maxi-mum rated load capability for one person or for two people perdescent.NOTE 1The maximum rated height of a given CDD is a function ofthe specifi

41、c Class of the CDD system, its total descent energy dissipationcapability and the length of the rescue line, etc. The manufacturer shalldefine the maximum rated height for each of their specific CDD systemsin compliance with the requirements of sections 8.7 through 8.7.10.5.4 Classification by TypeE

42、ach CDD system and itsCDDs shall be designed for use with rescue lines, with descentrails or with descent tracks. Type designates CDD systems withautomatic descent control, automatic descent control withmanual override capability and whether force limiters are orare not employed.5.4.1 Type IAutomati

43、c descent control CDD system.5.4.2 Type IIAutomatic descent control CDD system,which employ a force limiter.5.4.3 Type IIIAutomatic descent control CDD system,with manual override capability.5.4.4 Type IVAutomatic descent control CDD system,with manual override capability that employs a force limite

44、r.5.5 Classification by GradeClassification by grade iden-tifies CDD systems, CDDs, and component parts of CDDsystems that are stored or installed inside or outside ofbuildings.5.5.1 Grade 1A CDD system designed for storage orinstallation outside of a building.5.5.2 Grade 2A CDD system designed for

45、storage orinstallation inside of a building.5.5.3 Grade 3A CDD system designed for the storage orinstallation of some components or parts of the system on theinside and some stored or installed on the outside of a building.5.6 Classification by ClassClassification by class definesCDD systems with an

46、chored CDDs and descending rescuelines, anchored rescue lines with descending CDDs, repetitiveor one-time rescue descent CDDs, one person or two personrescue capability, CDDs that are used on rails or tracks, and themaximum rated load.NOTE 2Classes I and J CDD systems shall be limited to the ratedhe

47、ight of 35 m, reference sections 8.7.9 and 8.7.10.6. Ordering Information6.1 CDD systems may be purchased by individual apart-ment or high-rise Condo dwellers and families, multi-storybuilding business tenants; for their employees and multi-storybuilding owners or others requiring a last resort mean

48、s ofevacuation. These systems may be ordered by Type, Grade andClass, based on the requirements of the purchaser. The selec-tion of CDD systems may be based on any combination ofType, Grade and Class, in order to achieve the requiredcapability.TABLE 1 CDD Systems by ClassClassAnchoredCDDAnchoredResc

49、ue LineRailsor TracksRepetitiveRescuesOne TimeRescueNumberper DescentMaximumRated LoadA X X 1 135 kgB X X 1 or 2 180 kgCX X 1 135 kgDX X 1 or 2 180 kgE X X 1 135 kgF X X 1 or 2 180 kgG X X 1 135 kgH X X 1 or 2 180 kgI X or X X 1 135 kgJ X or X X 1 or 2 180 kgE24840836.2 Height of UseThe height of intended use, based on thepurchasers requirements, must be specified for each CDDsystem and CDD purchased.6.3 AssistanceThe CDD system manufacturer or themanufacturers representative shall provide assistance andguidance to