1、Designation: E 2505 07Standard Practice forIndustrial Rope Access1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard applies where access is gained to structures, man-made or natural, by means of ropessuspended from the structure or the features concerned. It appli
3、es to cases where ropes are used (1)as the primary means of support, (2) as the means of primary protection or positioning, and (3) whereoperatives descend or ascend on a rope, or traverse along a tensioned horizontal rope where the useof hands and feet can no longer be used to fully support the bod
4、y.This standard is not intended to apply where rope access techniques are used by the fire department,other emergency services, and the armed forces. The authorities concerned with these activities havetheir own standards for such work.This standard does not apply to other methods of working at heig
5、ht such as steeple jacking,suspended scaffolds, steelwork erection, or boatswains chairs.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a framework of practical andtechnical information within which the specifying authorityand the operators using rope access techniques can developeffective arrangements to help
6、ensure the safety and health ofpersonnel involved in these projects.1.2 This practice applies to the use of techniques wherebyaccess is gained to structures, man-made or natural, by meansof ropes suspended from the structure. It applies to all caseswhere ropes are used as the primary means of suppor
7、t andwhere persons descend or ascend a rope, or traverse along atensioned horizontal or inclined rope.1.3 This practice applies to all industrial uses of rope accesstechniques except use by the fire department and other emer-gency services for rescue work and training in connectiontherewith. Fire an
8、d rescue authorities have special proceduresapplicable to their circumstances. This standard does not applyto other methods of working at heights, such as suspendedscaffolds.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconve
9、rsions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
10、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2ANSI 289.1 2003 HelmetsANSI 2359.1 1992 Harnesses2.2 OSHA Regulations (Standards29 CFR):31910.66 App C Fall Protection System1926.450 Scope, applications applicable to this subpart192
11、6.500 Scope, application, and definitions applicable tothis subpart1926.502 Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices1926.503 Training Requirements2.3 Other Standards:CE EN361 6.3.1.2 Be intended by the manufacturer to be used for thesupport of personnel; and6.3.1.3 Incorporate a locking mechan
12、ism that prevents un-intentional disengagement of the connector OSHA1926.502(d) (5).6.4 Lanyards:6.4.1 Lanyards used in fall protection systems shall:6.4.1.1 Be constructed of synthetic fibers;6.4.1.2 Have a maximum length that, when loaded by theweight of the operator, enables the operator to reach
13、 andoperate the device to which the lanyard is attached; and6.4.1.3 Have a minimum breaking strength of 5000 lb (22.2kN) OSHA 1926.502(d) (9).6.4.2 An energy-absorbing lanyard shall have a ratedstrength of at least 5000 lb (22.2 kN) when fully extendedOSHA 1926.502(d) (13).6.5 Backup Rope Grabs:6.5.
14、1 Backup rope grabs used in fall protection systemsshall:6.5.1.1 Automatically grip the safety rope in the event ofeither a fall or a failure of the suspension system;6.5.1.2 Incorporate a means of preventing unintentionalremoval from the safety rope;6.5.1.3 Be permanently marked by the manufacturer
15、 show-ing the maximum and minimum rope diameters suitable for usewith the device; and6.5.1.4 Be permanently marked by the manufacturer show-ing details, where necessary, of the correct orientation in whichthe device is to be installed.6.6 Descenders:6.6.1 A descender shall be manufactured specifical
16、ly tocontrol the rate of descent of a person sliding down a workingrope.6.6.2 A descender used for work-level suspension shall:6.6.2.1 Include a braking mechanism, which must be disen-gaged manually for a worker to descend. The braking mecha-nism shall automatically reengage on removal of the worker
17、shand from the device; and6.6.2.2 Be capable of holding a worker in place on aworking rope with both hands free.6.6.3 Descenders shall be permanently marked by themanufacturer with details, where necessary, of the correctprocedure for threading the rope through the device.6.7 Ascenders:6.7.1 Ascende
18、rs shall:6.7.1.1 Be constructed so that it is not possible to move thedevice down the working rope without a deliberate actionperformed by the operator;6.7.1.2 Be constructed so that a minimum of two distinct,deliberate actions are required to remove the device from theworking rope;6.7.1.3 Be intend
19、ed by the manufacturer to be used prima-rily as a means of ascent of a rope by a person; and6.7.1.4 Be used as a component of an ascent system, andshall not be used as fall protection.6.8 Ropes:6.8.1 Rope used as a safety rope or a working rope shall:6.8.1.1 Be low-stretch static kernmantle rope con
20、structed ofsynthetic fibers;6.8.1.2 Have a rated strength of 5000 lb (22.2 kN) OSHA1926.502(d)(9); and6.8.1.3 Have a minimum diameter of716 in. (11 mm).6.9 Slings:6.9.1 Slings used to rig an anchor shall:E25050746.9.1.1 Be made of synthetic fibers or steel wire; and6.9.1.2 Be constructed on site usi
21、ng a static rope, low stretchrope or webbing by a competent person using recognizedknots; or they shall be of a type manufactured for personnelsupport and have an explicitly stated strength rating.6.9.1.3 Steel wire rope slings should be one piece, manu-factured with explicit stated strength rating,
22、 and have ends thatare secured with a pressed metal sleeve. Where steel wire ropesare utilized, connectors shall be steel.6.10 Ancillary Equipment:6.10.1 In some situations rope access work may be moreefficiently and safely carried out by supplementing it withancillary equipment such as platforms, n
23、ets and purpose builtitems; in such situations rope access must remain the principalaccess system for workers and their anchor points must beseparate from any used for supporting this equipment.7. Care of Equipment7.1 Equipment shall be used and maintained according tothe instructions of the manufac
24、turer including:7.1.1 Cleaning and lubrication of hardware components;7.1.2 Cleaning of soft goods such as webbing, straps, andharnesses; and7.1.3 Equipment shall be used solely for purposes indicatedby the manufacturer and shall not be modified by the user.7.2 A program of periodic inspection of eq
25、uipment shallinclude explicit criteria for inspection. Inspection results shallbe documented. Damaged or non-functioning equipment shallbe removed from service. This shall be prior to each use.8. Industrial Rope Access Systems8.1 Anchors:8.1.1 Anchor Point:8.1.1.1 The point of attachment of the work
26、ing rope, orsafety rope, to an anchor system. The failure strength of theanchor point shall be at least equal to the greater of 6 times themaximum intended static load and 2 times the dynamic loaddue to a potential fall. This corresponds to a minimum safetyfactor of 6 for this static load and 2 for
27、this dynamic load. Thecapacity of the anchor point shall account for the anticipateddirection of loading.8.1.2 Anchor System:8.1.2.1 A single attachment, or combination of attachmentsand rope, that connect an anchor point to the structure orfeature such that it provides a minimum factor of safety of
28、 6against failure from the maximum intended static loads, and aminimum factor of safety of 2 against failure from dynamicloads due to a potential fall.8.1.2.2 TheAnchor Systems for each worker shall rely on atleast two independent attachments to the structure. Anchorsystems that rely on multiple att
29、achments to the structure shallbe rigged such that the failure of any single attachment will notcause the failure of any other attachment.8.1.2.3 Anchor Points and Anchor Systems shall be riggedsuch that, in the event of the failure of one anchor point, theworker can not free fall more than 6 ft (1.
30、8 m) and the failureof any one point will not result in a catastrophic failure, suchas a progressive failure of other parts.8.1.2.4 Connectors used in the rigging of anchors shall meetthe requirements of 6.3.8.1.2.5 Slings used to construct anchors shall meet therequirements of 6.9.8.1.2.6 Slings an
31、d ropes used to construct an anchor shall beprotected at all locations where they may be subject to abrasionor cutting. Suitable rope protection devices shall be selected bya competent person.8.1.3 Primary Anchor Point:8.1.3.1 An anchor that will bear directly a suspensionsystem or fall protection s
32、ystem using a recognized knot orfastening that does not reduce the system strength to belowOSHA minimum standards as determined by a competentperson. A primary anchor point shall be considered an anchorpoint when determining the required anchor capacity andrigging requirements (see 8.1.1).8.1.4 Dire
33、ctional Anchor Point:8.1.4.1 Directional Anchor Points shall be considered an-chor points when determining required anchor capacities andrigging requirements as determined by the competent person.Directional anchors shall be used when no suitable anchor isavailable at a location that is on a line wh
34、ich is perpendicularto the edge of the structure above the intended worksite or toredirect ropes away from a potential hazard (see 8.1.1.1).8.1.5 Anchor Attachments to the Structure:8.1.5.1 All anchor attachments to the structure shall bedesigned to carry the intended loads and installed by acompete
35、nt person in accordance with the manufacturers speci-fications.8.2 General Requirements for Fall Protection Systems:8.2.1 A fall protection system shall:8.2.1.1 Limit the maximum arresting force on a fallingworker to 1800 lb (8 kN) OSHA 1926.502(d)(16)(ii);8.2.1.2 Limit a workers free fall to a maxi
36、mum of 6 ft (1.8m) OSHA 1926.502(d)(16)(iii); and8.2.1.3 Bring a worker to a complete stop and limit maxi-mum deceleration distance to 3.5 ft (1.07 m) OSHA1926.502(d) (16) (iv).8.3 Selection of Components in Fall Protection Systems:8.3.1 Individual components of a fall protection systemshall togethe
37、r comprise a system that meets the requirements of8.2.1.8.3.2 Workers performing industrial rope access work shallcarry means of both ascent and descent regardless of theanticipated requirements of the job.8.3.3 System components shall not be changed or substi-tuted without the approval of a compete
38、nt person.8.4 Use of Fall Protection Systems:8.4.1 Fall protection systems shall be provided for and usedby workers during all rope suspension work and whenever aworker is less than 6 ft (1.8 m) from an unprotected edge thatis without a guardrail at least 39 in. (1 m high) OSHA1926.502(b)(1).8.4.2 E
39、ach worker shall have a separate and independent fallprotection system:8.4.2.1 Only one worker shall be attached to a safety rope,except in a rescue situation; andE25050758.4.2.2 Each worker shall be attached to independent lan-yards, rope grabs, or any other component of a fall protectionsystem, ex
40、cept in a rescue situation.8.4.2.3 Safety ropes shall be protected where they contactedges of a structure, anchor, obstruction, crossing rope, orother surface that might cut or weaken the rope. Suitable ropeprotection devices shall be selected by a competent person.8.5 Inspection of Fall Protection
41、Systems:8.5.1 Fall protection systems and components subjected toimpact loading shall be tagged and removed from service andshall not be used again for fall protection or suspension untilinspected and determined by a competent person to be undam-aged and suitable for reuse OSHA 1926.502(d) (19), exc
42、eptfor safety ropes, which shall be immediately removed perma-nently from further service in fall protection or suspensionsystems.8.5.2 Fall protection systems shall be inspected prior to eachuse for improper rigging, wear, damage, and other deteriora-tion; defective components shall be immediately
43、removed fromservice OSHA 1926.502(d) (21).8.6 Selection of Components in Descent Systems:8.6.1 Descenders shall be selected to function as part of acomplete descent system and used in conformance with themanufacturers recommendations. Several factors affect theperformance of a descent system. Togeth
44、er, these factorsdetermine the effective rate of descent, the ease of control, andthe ability to lock the descender in place. The following factorsshall be considered when matching a descender to a workingrope:8.6.1.1 Rope diameter, which shall meet manufacturersspecifications for the descender;8.6.
45、1.2 Rope handling characteristics;8.6.1.3 Length of descent; and8.6.1.4 Weight of worker and equipment.8.7 Use of Descent Systems:8.7.1 The descender shall either be attached directly to theworkers harness or, if attached to a swing seat, the descendershall be linked directly to the harness by a lan
46、yard less than 2ft long.8.7.2 During the course of industrial rope access work, eachworker shall have a separate descent system:8.7.2.1 Only one worker shall be attached to a working rope,except in a rescue situation.8.7.2.2 Workers shall not share lanyards, descenders, or anyother component of a de
47、scent system, except in a rescuesituation.8.7.3 Working and safety ropes shall extend either to theground or a safe location.8.7.4 If the descent does not terminate at the ground, theworking and safety rope shall extend below the lowest intendedwork level and have a knot or secure fitting at the ter
48、minal endto prevent the descender from running off the end of the ropes.8.7.5 All ropes shall be protected where they contact edgesof a structure, anchor, obstruction, or other surface that mightcut or weaken the ropes. Suitable rope protection devices shallbe selected by a competent person.8.8 Insp
49、ection of Descent Systems:8.8.1 Descent systems and components subjected to impactloading shall be immediately removed from service and shallnot be used again for fall protection or suspension untilinspected and determined by a competent person to be undam-aged and suitable for reuse, except for working ropes, whichshall be removed permanently from service in fall protection orsuspension systems immediately after impact loading.8.8.2 Descent systems shall be inspected prior to each usefor improper rigging, wear, damage, and other deterioration;defective compone
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