1、Designation: E2541 10Standard Guide forStakeholder-Focused, Consensus-Based DisasterRestoration Process for Contaminated Assets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2541; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 To ensure a publicly acceptable and timely restoration ofan asset contaminated as a result of a natura
3、l or man-madedisaster, including a terrorist event, it is essential to have apre-planned strategy developed and tailored at the communitylevel and facilitated by the government which advocates thesupport and involvement of the affected community duringsuch a crisis period. This pre-planned strategy
4、for restorationwill need to be seamlessly incorporated into the overallemergency management process within the community. Thisguide presents a framework (that is, strategy) for involving thepublic in a stakeholder-focused, consensus-based event resto-ration process, for those situations where such i
5、nvolvement isessential to move a stalled (due to stakeholder issues) restora-tion process forward. This framework is designed to be anevent-specific, community-specific process to help prioritizeand consider actions necessary to optimize the restoration of anasset contaminated as the result of a dis
6、aster.1.2 This guide is intended to describe a highly flexiblerestoration planning process, and therefore does not specify orrecommend a specific course of action for this activity.1.3 This guide is intended to assist in the implementation ofa restoration planning process allowing a holistic assessm
7、entand balancing of the impacts associated with human health,ecology, socio-cultural values, and economic implications. It isintended to be used in alignment with current Federal Emer-gency Management Agency (FEMA) guidance and otherguides and agency procedures and requirements to addressspecific st
8、akeholder issues and concerns.1.4 After completing the immediate response and stabiliza-tion phase of a disaster that required Federal assistance throughestablishment of a Joint Field Office (JFO) in accordance withthe National Response Plan, mitigation and recovery activitieswill need to be planned
9、 and initiated to address the significantlong-term impacts for any contaminated assets in the affectedarea. This guide provides a process that can be used by the JFOto gain stakeholder consensus on the restoration of these assets.1.5 The user should consult other restoration-related stan-dards, regu
10、lations, and sources for specific methods in theutilization of predictive models or other analysis tools that maybe required under a restoration planning assessment.1.6 Although the implementation of a restoration planningprocess is intended for use after a disaster occurs, it needs to bean integral
11、 part of a communitys pre-event planning activitiesand incorporated into appropriate community response plans.Identifying the important assets of a community and keystakeholders associated with each respective asset, before anevent occurs through a process such as Community AssetMapping, will help e
12、nsure a more efficient restoration processfollowing an actual contamination of the asset in a disastrousevent.1.7 Since restoration planning as proposed in this guidefollows a plan established prior to the event, it is important tocoordinate asset restoration plans with event preplanning onhow to mi
13、nimize damages to significant assets from uncertain,low-probability, but potentially costly natural and man-madedisasters. What will be required for asset restoration will be inpart dependent on what measures have been taken to protectthose same assets before the extreme event occurs. GuideE2506 pro
14、vides a three-step protocol for formulating andevaluating risk mitigation strategies for constructed facilities.Assets identified for risk mitigation in the application of GuideE2506 prior to a disaster will likely be assets that therestoration stakeholders using this guide will want to considerrest
15、oring in the recovery phase following a disaster.1.8 This standard guide does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard guide to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicab
16、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building Systems1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 HomelandSecurity Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
17、tee E54.02Emergency Preparedness, Training, and Procedures.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2541 07. DOI:10.1520/E2541-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
18、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E964 Practice for Measur
19、ing Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building SystemsE1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savingsfor Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE1739 Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied atPetroleum Release SitesE1765 Practice for Applying A
20、nalytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of InvestmentsRelated to Buildings and Building SystemsE1984 Guide for Brownfields RedevelopmentE2348 Guide for Framework for a Consensus-based Envi-ronmental Decision-making ProcessE2506 Guide for Developing a Cost-Effective Risk
21、Mitiga-tion Plan for New and Existing Constructed Facilities2.2 Other Documents:(SARA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.) EmergencyPlanning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)of 1986(Act 1990-165, 35 P.S. 6022.101 et seq.) HazardousMaterial Emergency Planning and Response ActNRP 2004 National Re
22、sponse Plan, including the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex, Emergency Support Func-tion #10 (Oil and Hazardous Materials Response Annex)and Emergency Support Function #14 (Long-Term Com-munity Recovery and Mitigation Annex). December,2004. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washing-ton, D.C.P
23、/CCRARM (The Presidential/Congressional Commissionon Risk Assessment and Risk Management). 1977a. RiskAssessment and Risk Management in Regulatory Deci-sion Making. Volume II, Washington, D.C.P/CCRAM (The Presidential/Congressional Commissionon Risk Assessment and Risk Management). 1997b.Framework f
24、or Environmental Health Risk Management.Final Report. Volume I, Washington, D.C.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 affected stakeholder, nany individual, group, com-pany, organization, government, tribe, or other entity whichmay be directly affected by the outcome of the specificrestoration plannin
25、g process.3.1.2 asset, nproperty of a community to which (forpurposes of this standard) a high monetary, ecological, orsocio-cultural, or a combination thereof, value can be assigned,but which has no essential service or critical infrastructurefunction within the community. (There would be no need f
26、orthis consensus-based restoration process in cases where com-plete restoration of critical infrastructure is obligatory.)3.1.2.1 DiscussionSome examples of assets include stat-ues and monuments, historical landmarks, forests and naturepreserves, watersheds, parks and recreational areas, culturaland
27、 archaeological sites, sports and entertainment pavilions,tourist attractions, government facilities, roads, streets, bridges,utilities, dams, and infrastructure.3.1.3 community, ngroup or groups of individuals, wholive or work in specific neighborhoods, areas, or regions.3.1.4 community asset mappi
28、ng, vdocumenting the tan-gible and intangible resources of a community where assets areto be preserved and enhanced.3.1.5 informed consent, nagreement reached between theresponsible party(ies) and the affected stakeholders, which isobtained by a process by which affected stakeholders (1) areinformed
29、 about the issues, concerns and priorities of all otheraffected stakeholders; (2) are directly involved in developingcriteria for selecting solution(s); and (3) consider the balancingof trade-offs to achieve procedurally defined consensus onspecific initiatives and actions identified through the res
30、torationplanning process.3.1.5.1 DiscussionMulti-criteria decision analysis meth-ods can be useful in sorting through and resolving differencesamong stakeholders with diverse opinions to help reach in-formed consent. (See Practice E1765 for help in multi-criteriadecision analysis.)3.1.6 interested p
31、arty, nany individual, group, company,organization, or other entity which is not an “affected stake-holder” but which is interested in the outcome of the particularrestoration planning process.3.1.7 regulator, nlocal, regional, state/provincial, or fed-eral government agency or person employed there
32、in for thepurpose of administering or enforcing compliance with lawsand regulations, which may be a stakeholder, a decision-maker,or an advisor to the responsible partys(ies) lead StakeholderCommittee.3.1.8 responsible party(ies), nspecific Federal, State, lo-cal, or tribal government, private secto
33、r or non-governmentalorganization(s) designated to be responsible for the restorationof an asset that was contaminated in a disastrous event.3.1.8.1 DiscussionFor example, upon request, the Federalgovernment assists State, local, and tribal governments todevelop and execute recovery plans. In accord
34、ance with theNational Response Plan, the Environmental Protection Agencymay be designated as the Emergency Support Function Coor-dinator and consequently the “responsible party” when adisaster results in the spread of radiological contamination orother hazardous materials.3.1.9 restoration, nreturni
35、ng the assets of a community toa normal, natural, or healthy condition as determined througha structured framework of decision making and communityaction.3.1.10 stakeholder committee, nentity lead by the respon-sible party(ies) which is directly involved in the decisionsmade within the restoration p
36、lanning process.3.1.10.1 DiscussionIt is composed of affected individualsor representative(s), or both, selected from each group ofstakeholders. Members of the Stakeholder Committee areresponsible to act as liaisons with their respective stakeholdergroups.3.1.11 stakeholder consensus on disaster res
37、toration plan-ning process, nresponsible party(ies)-led and stakeholder-involved, community-specific process to help assess, prioritize,and select restoration actions to be implemented with the goalof optimizing the restoration of an affected asset following aE2541 102disastrous event, which conside
38、rs and balances the full spec-trum of human health, ecological, socio-cultural, and economicimpacts.3.1.11.1 DiscussionIn the National Response Plan ex-ample given above, the Joint Field Office would serve as thecentral coordination point among Federal, State, local, andtribal agencies and voluntary
39、 organizations for this restorationplanning process as well as for delivering recovery assistanceprograms.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The StakeholderFocused Consensus-Based EventRestoration Planning Process is a responsible party(ies)-led,stakeholder-focused, event-specific, and community-specificprocess
40、 established to help assess, prioritize and select opti-mized and timely actions to effect the efficient restoration of acontaminated asset to its original or agreed upon alteredcondition and use. The restoration planning process is designedto consider and balance the events implications on humanhea
41、lth, ecology, socio-cultural values, and economic impacts.The Stakeholder Committee, established by the responsibleparty(ies), will consider issues related to environmental justice,which relates to the fair treatment and meaningful involvementof all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, income, nat
42、ionalorigin or education level. The restoration planning process isan iterative process comprised of five main steps: (1) affectedstakeholder identification and formation of the StakeholderCommittee; (2) information gathering; (3) forecasting; (4)establishment of informed consent; and (5) implementa
43、tion andevaluation of initiatives.4.2 The restoration planning process focuses on the holisticassessment of the impacts of any event restoration project. Byutilizing effective, science-based tools and active involvementof affected stakeholders, the responsible party(ies) (with assis-tance from the a
44、ffected stakeholders) can readily identify andmanage the most important issues related to the timely andacceptable restoration of the affected asset.4.3 There is no set prescriptive path that can be universallyfollowed when initiating or participating, or both, in therestoration planning process. Th
45、e process must be tailored tomeet the specific needs of the affected community and condi-tions of the disaster. Depending on the needs and prioritiesdictated by the specifics of the disaster, different analysis toolsmay be needed to address specific issues.5. Significance and Use5.1 The understandin
46、g and management of the interrelation-ship between human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being of the communityand the high-value asset is essential to timely and acceptablerestoration. This standard guide is designed to help responsibleparty(ies) with the iden
47、tification and integration of affectedstakeholders and with the establishment of a process to identifyand resolve key issues essential to a satisfactory restoration.The standard guide is presented herein as a “framework” tohelp ensure that all the restoration planning process compo-nents (that is, h
48、uman health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values and economic well-being) are considered. Theframework is designed to allow a user to determine whichcomponents of the process are applicable to the restorationproblem being addressed, and to establish the level of analyti-cal detail necessary
49、for each component. It provides generalguidance to help with the selection of approaches and methodsfor specific analysis of each of the major restoration planningcomponents (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being).5.2 By actively involving affected stakeholders in the res-toration decision-making process, it will help the user to orientthe process to prioritize and consider the most important issuesof those whos lives are most directly impacted by theconsequences of the event and resulting restoration. Th
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