1、Designation: E2618 09E2618 13Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Particulate Emissions and HeatingEfficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-Fired Hydronic HeatingAppliances1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method applies to wood-fired or automatically fed bio
3、mass burning hydronic heating appliances, which themanufacturer specifies for outdoor installation or in structures not normally occupied by humans. appliances. These appliancestransfer heat to the indoor environment through circulation of a liquid heat exchange media such as water or a water-antifr
4、eezemixture.1.2 The test method simulates hand loading of seasoned cordwood or fueling with a specified biomass fuel and measuresparticulate emissions and delivered heating efficiency at specified heat output rates based on the appliances rated heating capacity.1.3 Particulate emissions are measured
5、 by the dilution tunnel method as specified in Test Method E2515. Delivered efficiencyis measureddetermined by determining measurement of the usable heat output (determined through measurement of the flow rateand temperature change of water circulated through a heat exchanger external to the applian
6、ceappliance) and determining the heatinput (determined from the mass of dry fuel burned and its higher heating value.value). Delivered efficiency does not attempt toaccount for pipeline loss.1.4 Products covered by this test method include both pressurized and non-pressurized heating appliances inte
7、nded to be firedwith wood or automatically fed biomass fuels. These products are hydronic heating appliances which the manufacturer specifiesfor outdoor installation or in structures not normally occupied by humans. or indoor installation. They are often connected to anindoor a heat exchanger by ins
8、ulated pipes buried in the ground and normally include a pump to circulate heated liquid. They areused to heat structures such as homes, barns, and greenhouses and can heat domestic hot water, spas, or swimming pools.1.4.1 Hydronic heating systems that incorporate a high mass heat storage system tha
9、t is capable of storing the entire heat outputof a standard fuel load are tested by the procedure specified in AnnexA1. Systems that incorporate high mass heat storage capableof storing a portion of the output from a standard fuel load are tested by the procedure specified in Annex A2.1.5 Distinguis
10、hing features of products covered by this standard include:1.5.1 Manufacturers specify outdoor installation or installation in structures not normally occupied by humans.indoor or outdoorinstallation.1.5.2 A firebox with an access door for hand loading of fuel or a hopper and automated feed system f
11、or delivery of particulatefuel such as wood pellets or solid biomass fuel to a burn pot or combustion chamber.1.5.3 Typically a thermostatic control device that controls combustion air supply or fuel delivery, or both, to maintain the liquidin the appliance within a predetermined temperature range p
12、rovided sufficient fuel is available in the firebox or hopper.1.5.4 A chimney or vent that exhausts combustion products from the appliance.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard whether in inch-pound or SI units. standard. Thevalues given in parentheses are for
13、information only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6.1 ExceptionMetric units are used in 13.1, 13.4.3, Tables 4-6, and A1.11.6.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with
14、its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct re
15、sponsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid FuelBurning Appliances.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2009Sept. 1, 2013. Published April 2009November 2013. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082009as E2618 08.E2618 09. DOI: 10.1520/E2618-09.10.1520/E2618-13.This documen
16、t is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as app
17、ropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4442 Test Method
18、s for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2011)3E2515 Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected
19、by a Dilution Tunnel2.2 Other Standards:CAN/CSA-B415.1-2010 Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances4ASME Pressure Vessel Code5EN3035 Pressure Vessel Code6NIST Traceable Methods72.3 Other Documents:7Monograph 175 Temperature-Electromotive Force Reference Functions and Tables for
20、the Letter-Designated ThermocoupleTypes Based on the ITS-903. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology E631, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 burn ratethe rate at which test fuel is consumed in an appliance measured i
21、n kilograms or pounds of fuel (dry basis)per hour.3.2.2 delivered effciencythe percentage of heat available in a test fuel charge that is delivered to a simulated heating load asspecified in this test method. This test does not account for jacket losses or for transfer line losses which will vary wi
22、th actualapplication.3.2.3 fireboxthe chamber in the appliance in which the test fuel charge is placed and combusted.3.2.4 hydronic heatinga heating system in which a heat source supplies energy to a liquid heat exchange media such as waterthat is circulated to a heating load and returned to the hea
23、t source through pipes.3.2.5 manufacturers rated heat output capacitythe value in Btu/h (MJ/h) that the manufacturer specifies a particular modelof hydronic heating appliance is capable of supplying at its design capacity as verified by testing, in accordance with Section 12.3.2.6 overall effciency,
24、 also known as stack loss effciencyThe efficiency for each test run as determined using the CSAB415.1-2010 Stack Loss Method (SLM)3.2.7 test fuel chargea full load of fuel as specified in Section 12 placed in the appliance at the start of the emission test runor the mass of fuel consumed by automati
25、cally fed appliance during a test run.3.2.8 test runan individual emission test which encompasses the time required to consume the mass of the test fuel charge.3.2.9 thermostatic controla control device that opens, closes or modulates a circuit to control the rate of fuel consumption inresponse to t
26、he temperature of the heating media in the heating appliance.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Dilution TunnelEmissions are determined using the “dilution tunnel” method specified in Test Method E2515. The flowrate in the dilution tunnel is maintained at a constant level throughout the test cycle and acc
27、urately measured. Samples of thedilution tunnel flow stream are extracted at a constant flow rate and drawn through high efficiency filters. The filters are dried andweighed before and after the test to determine the particulate emissions catch and this value is multiplied by the ratio of tunnelflow
28、 to filter flow to determine the total emissions produced in the test cycle.4.2 Delivered EffciencyEffciency: The efficiency test procedure takes advantage of the fact that this type of appliance deliversheat through circulation of the heated liquid (water) from the appliance to a remote heat exchan
29、ger and back to the appliance.Measurements of the water temperature difference as it enters and exits the heat exchanger along with the measured flow rate allowfor an accurate determination of the useful heat output of the appliance. The input is determined by weight of the test fuel charge,2 For re
30、ferencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
31、 on www.astm.org.4 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.FIG. 1 Heat Exchanger Schematic5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY
32、 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.7 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.
33、gov.E2618 132adjusted for moisture content, multiplied by the higher heating value. Additional measurements of the appliance weight andtemperature at the beginning and end of a test cycle are used to correct for heat stored in the appliance.4.2.1 Delivered EffciencyThe efficiency test procedure take
34、s advantage of the fact that this type of appliance delivers heatthrough circulation of the heated liquid (water) from the appliance to a remote heat exchanger and back to the appliance.Measurements of the water temperature difference as it enters and exits the heat exchanger along with the measured
35、 flow rate allowfor an accurate determination of the useful heat output of the appliance. The input is determined by weight of the test fuel charge,adjusted for moisture content, multiplied by the higher heating value. Additional measurements of the appliance weight andtemperature at the beginning a
36、nd end of a test cycle are used to correct for heat stored in the appliance.4.2.2 Overall EffciencyOverall Efficiency (SLM) is determined using the CSA B415.1-2010 Stack Loss Method for dataquality assurance purposes.4.3 OperationAppliance operation is conducted on a hot-to-hot test cycle meaning th
37、at the appliance is brought to operatingtemperature and a coal bed is established prior to the addition of the test fuel charge and measurements are made for each test fuelcharge cycle. The measurements are made under constant heat draw conditions within predetermined ranges. No attempt is madeto mo
38、dulate the heat demand to simulate an indoor thermostat cycling on and off in response to changes in the indoor environment.Four test categories are used. These are:4.3.1 Category IA heat output of 15 % or less of Manufacturers Rated Heat Output Capacity.4.3.2 Category IIA heat output of 16 to 24 %
39、of Manufacturers Rated Heat Output Capacity.4.3.3 Category IIIA heat output of 25 to 50 % of Manufacturers Rated Heat Output Capacity.4.3.4 Category IVManufacturers Rated Heat Output Capacity.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measurement of particulate matter emission rates is an important test method
40、widely used in the practice of air pollutioncontrol.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal or state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determiningcompliance with regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after design modifications are necessary to demon
41、strate the effectiveness of designchanges in reducing emissions and make this standard an important tool in manufacturers research and development programs.5.2 Measurement of heating efficiency provides a uniform basis for comparison of product performance that is useful to theconsumer. It is also r
42、equired to relate emissions produced to the useful heat production.5.3 This is a laboratory method and is not intended to be fully representative of all actual field use. It is recognized that usersof hand-fired wood burning equipment have a great deal of influence over the performance of any wood-b
43、urning appliance. Somecompromises in realism have been made in the interest of providing a reliable and repeatable test method.6. Apparatus6.1 ScaleAplatform scale capable of weighing the appliance under test and associated parts and accessories when completelyfilled with water to an accuracy of 61.
44、0 lb (60.5 kg).6.2 Heat ExchangerA water-to-water heat exchanger capable of dissipating the expected heat output from the system undertest.6.3 Water Temperature Difference MeasurementThermocouples or a thermopile installed in thermowells A Type -T “speciallimits” thermopile with a minimum of five pa
45、irs of junctions shall be used to measure the temperature difference in water enteringand leaving the heat exchanger. The temperature difference measurement shall have an uncertainty of 60.50F (60.25C).uncer-tainty of this type of thermopile is equal to or less than 60.50F (60.25C). Other temperatur
46、e measurement methods may be usedif the temperature difference measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than 60.50F (60.25C).6.4 Load Side Water Flow MeterA totalizing type water flow meter with a resolution of 0.1 gal (0.025 L) and an accuracyof 0.5 % of volume recorded or a flow meter with shal
47、l be installed in the inlet to the load side of the heat exchanger. The flowmeter shall have an accuracy of 60.01 gal/min (60.0025 L/min).61 % of measured flow.6.4.1 Optional Appliance Side Water Flow MeterA water flow meter with an accuracy of 61 % of the flow rate isrecommended but not required to
48、 monitor appliance side water flow rate to the heat exchanger.6.5 Recirculation PumpCirculating Optional circulating pump used during test to prevent stratification of liquid being heated.6.6 Water Temperature MeasurementThermocouples or other temperature sensors to measure the water temperature at
49、theinlet and outlet of the load side of the heat exchanger. Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 10.1.6.7 Wood Moisture MeterCalibrated electrical resistance meter capable of measuring test fuel moisture to within 2 % moisturecontent. Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 10.4.6.8 Flue Gas Temperature MeasurementMust meet the requirements of CSA B415.1-2010, Clause 6.2.2.6.9 Test Room Temperature MeasurementMust meet the requirements of CSA B415.1-2010, Clause 6.2.1.E2618 1336.10 Flue Gas Compo
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