1、Designation: E2623 081E2623 14Standard Practice forReporting Thermometer Calibrations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe title was corrected editorially in May 2009.1. Scope1.1 This practice contains reporting requirements for thermometer calibrations included in AST
3、M Committee E20E20 TestMethods.1.2 This practice covers reports of calibration for radiation thermometers, liquid-in-glass thermometers, resistancethermometers, digital thermometers, and new thermocouples.NOTE 1This practice does not apply to used thermocouples.1.3 This standard does not purport to
4、address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E77 Test Met
5、hod for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryE1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers2.2 Other Standards:Standards or Guides:ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994Z540.3-2006 American National Standard for CalibrationCalibration
6、Laboratories and Measuringand Test EquipmentGeneral Requirements3ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories3JCGM100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement DataGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty in MeasurementISO/IEC Guide 98-3 Uncertainty of Measur
7、ementPart 3: Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement(GUM:1995)NIST Technical Note 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, 1994EditionUKAS M3003 The Expression of Uncertainty and Confidence in Measurement, Edition 2ANSI/NCSL Z540.2-1997
8、 (R2002) U.S. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions given in Terminology E344, unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 correction, nnumerical value added
9、to the uncorrected result of a measurement to compensate for errors.3.2.1.1 Discussion1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Fundamentalsin Thermometry.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008D
10、ec. 15, 2014. Published January 2009January 2015. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asE2623 081. DOI: 10.1520/E2623-08E01.10.1520/E2623-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An
11、nual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only
12、to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
13、of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1The correction is equal to the negative of the estimated errors. Since the systematic error cannot be known
14、 perfectly, thecompensation cannot be complete.3.2.2 error, nthe indication of a thermometer or temperature measuring device minus athe true value of the correspondinginput quantity.3.2.2.1 DiscussionSince the true value cannot be determined, in practice a conventional true value is used. This conce
15、pt applies mainly wherewhenthe instrument is compared to a reference standard.3.2.3 gradient zone, nthe section of a thermocouple that is exposed during a measurement to temperatures in the range fromtamb + 0.1(tm tamb) to tamb + 0.9(tm tamb), where tamb is ambient temperature and tm is the temperat
16、ure of the measuringjunction.junction (all in C).3.2.3.1 DiscussionThis term is used in thermocouple calibration reports as part of the description of the thermal profile along the length of thethermocouple.Although a thermocouple emf is a function of the measuring and reference junction temperature
17、s, the emf is actuallygenerated along the length of the thermocouple, wherever the thermoelements pass through a temperature gradient. The gradientzone definition is intended to describe, in an approximate way, the section of thermocouple that created most of the emf duringthe calibration.3.2.4 half
18、-maximum heated length, nthe distance between the tip of the temperature sensor and the position along the lengthof the sensor leads or sheath where the temperature equals the average of the calibration-point and ambient temperatures.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThis term is used in thermocouple calibration re
19、ports as part of the description of the thermal profile along the length of thethermocouple.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the required information necessary for reporting results of temperature calibrations included inASTM Test Methods.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is
20、adequate for use with all ASTM Test Methods which require the reporting of temperature measurements.5.2 The Report of Calibration, however named, is the physical output of the calibration laboratory. It shall be prepared so thatboth the results of the measurement(s) and the non-technical information
21、 necessary to support those results are conveyed in amanner that ensures accurate communication and justification of the results to the benefit of all concerned.results.5.3 This practice is not meant to supersede requirements of other standards practice such as ISO/IEC 17025 or ANSI/NCSLZ540-1.Z540.
22、3.6. Procedure6.1 Requirements for Written Report The requirements in 6.1.1 through 6.1.14 are mandatory for all written reports issued incompliance with this practice. SectionsSubsections 6.1.15 through 6.1.19 include general provisions for information that may beomitted if not required by a calibr
23、ation procedure or client/user.6.1.1 Title ExamplesReport of Calibration, Calibration Certificate, Test Report or Test Certificate.6.1.2 Name and address of the laboratory and location where the calibration was performed, if different from the laboratoryaddress.6.1.3 Unique identification of the rep
24、ort or certificate, and on each page an identification in order to ensure that the page isrecognized as part of the report or certificate, a clear identification of the end of the report or certificate, and the page number andtotal number of pages.6.1.4 Name and address of the client.6.1.5 Statement
25、 and concise description of the test method or calibration procedure used. This statement shall include revisionsand the date of the test method or calibration procedure. Test methods can consist of published standards (such as ASTM TestMethods), internally developed methods, or a combination of bot
26、h.6.1.5.1 Information describing deviations from previously agreed upon agreed-upon procedures.E2623 1426.1.6 Description of the thermometer or thermocouple, includingthe overall range, and, if different, range calibrated. thecalibrated range. This shall also include the manufacturer, model number (
27、as applicable), identification or unique serial number,and the condition of the thermometer or thermocouple upon receipt.6.1.7 Date of Calibration:6.1.7.1 Where applicable, additional dates, including date received, date of report preparation and next due date may beincluded.6.1.8 Calibration Result
28、sThis can take the form of a table with reading of standard temperature, reading of test instrument,corrections to be applied and consistent units of measure or any form of reporting as requested by the customer.6.1.8.1 When an instrument has been repaired or adjusted, the calibration results before
29、 and after repair or adjustment shall bereported, if available.6.1.9 Conditions (for example, environmental conditions) under which the calibrations were made that have an influence on themeasurement results.6.1.10 A statement of calculated measurement uncertainty and the estimated uncertainty(ies)
30、of measurement and thecorresponding level of confidence.6.1.10.1 Method for calculating uncertainties.estimating uncertainties. Internationally the BIPM document JCGM100:2008(“Guide to the Expression of Uncertianty of Measurement”) is cited, ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, NIST Technical Note 1297, UKASM3003 an
31、d Z540.2-1997 (R2002) also meet this requirement.6.1.10.2 Coverage factor and estimated confidence interval. Typically the coverage factor (k) is 2 for an approximate confidencelevel of 95%.6.1.11 Traceability statement to NIST the International System of Units (SI) through the National Institute of
32、 Standards andTechnology (NIST) or other National Metrological Institute (NMI) of test equipment used in the test or calibration.6.1.12 Signature or equivalent identification of the responsible party.6.1.12.1 Other signatures may be required, at the discretion of the laboratory manager. Each signato
33、ry or named person acceptsresponsibility for the contents of the report.6.1.13 A statement specifying that the calibration certificate, however named, shall not be reproduced except in full, withoutwritten approval of the laboratory.6.1.14 Statement of Temperature Scale (e.g. (for example, Internati
34、onal Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).6.1.15 Where appropriate and needed, opinions and interpretations, including additional information which may be required byspecific methods, clients or groups of clients.6.1.16 Where relevant, a sampling plan and procedure and a statement to the effect that t
35、he results relate only to the itemscalibrated.6.1.17 Where relevant, a statement of compliance/non-compliance with requirements and/or specification.or specification, orboth.6.1.17.1 Compliance refers may refer to all criteria, including both specifications and maximum permissible error, of areferen
36、ced standard and not just portions, such as, compliance with maximum permissible error only.standard. When the scope ofcalibration is limited to only certain portions of the standard, the statement of compliance shall cite and be limited to those sectionsof the referenced standard with which the the
37、rmometer complies. If non-compliance is to be noted, the statement should cite thosesections of the referenced standard for which the thermometer fails to comply.6.1.18 Date of receipt of calibration item where this is critical to the validity and application of the results.6.1.19 When applicable, c
38、ustomer purchase order or reference number and date.6.2 Additional Requirements for All Reported Calibrations for Radiation Thermometers only:6.2.1 Statement of source type (black body, (blackbody, filament lamp, etc.).and so forth).6.2.2 Statement of source aperture or diameter of flat type sources
39、.6.2.3 Statement of calibration distance.measuring distances between the objective lens and the source aperture or cavity bottom,or both.6.2.4 Statement of aperture distance, if an aperture is used.6.2.5 Statement of target size field-of-view or size of source (as referenced to the thermometer under
40、 test).6.2.6 Statement of emissivity of the thermometer under test (emissivity setting of the thermometer under test.test).6.2.7 Statement of source emissivity.6.2.8 Statement of the spectral response of the thermometer under test.6.2.9 Statement of optical resolution.traceability of the source thro
41、ugh contact or radiation thermometry.6.3 Additional Requirements for All Reported Calibrations of Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers:6.3.1 Statement of minimum length of time at test temperature before reading.NOTE 2The time allowed for equilibrium of a liquid-in-glass thermometer is dependent on the type
42、 of thermometric liquid used. For the purposesof this practice, the timing device for this measurement does not need to be traceable to an NMI.National Metrology Institute (NMI).6.3.2 Statement of emergent stem temperature either in chart form or text form (for partial immersion thermometers or tota
43、limmersion thermometers calibrated with partial immersion only).E2623 1436.4 Additional Requirements for Reported Calibrations of Resistance ThermometersThe requirements in 6.4.16.4.1 6.4.4through 6.4.4are mandatory for all written reports for resistance thermometers issued in compliance with this p
44、ractice.SectionsSubsections 6.4.56.4.5 6.4.9 through 6.4.8include general provisions for information that may be omitted if not requiredby a calibration procedure or client/user.6.4.1 As found values R(0.01 C), R(0 C) or other agreed upon agreed-upon value.6.4.2 Change in R(0.01 C) or R(0 C) observe
45、d during calibration.6.4.3 Nominal excitation current.6.4.4 Uncertainty of fitted results, if different from the uncertainty of measurement data.6.4.5 Tabulated R(t)resisteance, R(t) when specified by the client/user.6.4.6 Hysteresis results, if applicable.6.4.7 Fitting equation or reference to fitt
46、ing equation, if applicable.6.4.8 Fitting residuals, if applicable.6.4.9 Repeatability results, if applicable.6.5 Additional Requirements for Reported Calibrations of ThermocouplesThe requirements in 6.5.16.5.1 and 6.5.2 through6.5.4are mandatory for all written reports for thermocouples issued in c
47、ompliance with this practice. SectionsSubsections6.5.56.5.3 6.5.6 and 6.5.6include general provisions for information that may be omitted if not required by a calibrationprocedure or the client/user.6.5.1 Mathematical description of any fitting equation used in reporting the results of the calibrati
48、on. The equation may consistof a deviation function modeling the difference in emf from a reference function of a stated thermocouple type, or the equationmay consist of a function giving emf versus measuring emf-versus-measuring junction temperature.6.5.2 Statement whether any allowance is included
49、 in the uncertainty for thermocouple drift and inhomogeneity.6.5.3 Immersion depth used during the test.6.5.4 Gradient zone of the thermocouple during the test.6.5.4 Statement whether any allowance is included in the uncertainty for thermocouple drift and inhomogeneity.6.5.5 Statement of calibration set up, if applicable.6.5.6 Reference junction temperature.6.6 Additional Requirements for Reported Calibrations of Digital ThermometersThe requirements in 6.6.1 6.6.3 aremandatory for all written reports for digital thermometers issued in
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