1、Designation: E2637 13E2637 17Standard Guide forUtilizing the Environmental Cost Element StructurePresented by Classification E2150E21501This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The Environmental Cost Element Structure (ECES) covered by Classification E2150 (and Adjunct E
3、2150) provides aconsistent and comprehensive structure across all phases of environmental remediation projects and is a tool to improve the costmanagement of those projects. This guide is intended to facilitate the application of the ECES to any environmental remediationproject, without regard to pr
4、oject size.1.2 Classification E2150 establishes the broad, top-level framework for environmental remediation projects by providing ahierarchical list of project elements to two levels of detail. Its associated Adjunct E2150 supports the top-level structure byproviding more detailed elements and defi
5、nitions of the ECES to three additional levels of detail. Although it is assumed that theuser is familiar with Classification E2150, much of the content of the classification is repeated in this guide to relieve the user ofthe burden of back-and-forth referencing during use. It is assumed, however,
6、that all users of this guide will have at hand bothClassification E2150 and the Adjunct Adjunct E2150E2150 during project planning.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addre
7、ss all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance
8、with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
9、s:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building SystemsE2150 Classification for Life-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmental Cost Element Structure2.2 ASTM Adjunct:3Adjunct E2150 Adjunct
10、to Classification E2150: Environmental Cost Element Structure at Levels 3, 4, and 5 and Definitions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology E631, and for general terms relatedto building economics, refer to Terminology E833.3.2 Definition
11、s of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)A congressional mandate, alsoknown as Superfund, CERCLA prescribes actions and regulatory requirements for reducing risks to human health and theenvironment resulting from releases
12、 or threatened releases of hazardous substances into the environment.1 This practiceguide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on BuildingEconomics.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013March 1, 2017. Publ
13、ished September 2013May 2017. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082013as E2637 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2637-13.-13. DOI: 10.1520/E2637-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
14、of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJE2150A.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicatio
15、n of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consid
16、ered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)A congressional mandate that requires the management of regulatedhazardous wastes and requires that permits
17、be obtained for facilities (both public and private) that treat, store, or dispose ofhazardous wastes. RCRA also establishes standards for these facilities and requires corrective actions (for example, remediation)of past releases of hazardous waste from regulated waste management units.3.3 Acronyms
18、:3.3.1 ASTAboveground Storage Tank3.3.2 CERCLAComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act3.3.3 CLPCertified Laboratory Procedure3.3.4 CMSCorrective Measure Study3.3.5 COACode of Accounts3.3.6 CWMChemical Warfare Materials3.3.7 D5.1.2 Communicating project data between insta
19、llations, complexes, agencies, and industry;5.1.3 Providing a project checklist;5.1.4 Cost and schedule estimating;5.1.5 Historical cost/schedule data collection;5.1.6 Historical project data collection (for example, technology deployments, project conditions);5.1.7 Validating and calibrating cost e
20、stimates and software tools; and5.1.8 Establishing and disseminating best practices and lessons learned.5.2 Several government agencies are already incorporating this structure into existing and future cost estimating models,databases, and other similar software tools and systems.6. Procedure6.1 Ove
21、rall StructureOverall StructureThe The hierarchical nature of the ECES cost structure (Fig. 1) allows detailed costdata at Level 3 to be summarized into higher level cost elements in a standardized fashion. It is recommended that the ECES beused as a common standard through its top three levels. App
22、endix X1 provides an example showing how to use the ECES at Level3 throughout the life-cycle of a project. The use of Level 4 or lower is optional. Similarly, while Level 5 is generally deemed toprovide a sufficiently low level of detail for most projects, the project managers are free to add furthe
23、r lower levels for their specificprojects or portions of their projects. Care must be taken in developing the associated numerical codes, however, to assure that eachlevel directly relates to the next higher level so that the project costs can readily be “rolled up” for reporting purposes.6.2 Level
24、1Level 1Level 1 of the structure includes seven cost categories. The first six categories represent the six life-cyclephases of an environmental project.The final categoryProgram Management, Support, and Infrastructureis included to addresscosts that are not attributable to a distinct project or are
25、 program management costs. Throughout the rest of this guide, the Level1 cost element for Program Management, Support, and Infrastructure will be referred-to as Phase 8, to simplify references to theLevel 1 cost elements. With minor variations in the definitions, these project life-cycle categories
26、apply to all environmentalprojects and programs, including environmental remediation, waste management, decontamination and decommissioning,ordnance and explosive retrievals, underground and above-ground storage tanks, and other environmental work.6.2.1 Phase 1: AssessmentPhase 1: AssessmentAssess A
27、ssess and inspect site, prepare site inspection reports.FIG. 1 Hierarchical Structure of the Environmental Cost Element StructureE2637 1736.2.2 Phase 2: StudiesPhase 2: StudiesRisk Risk assessment, characterization and investigations, development and analysisof treatment or remediation options, and
28、treatability studies.6.2.3 Phase 3: DesignPhase 3: DesignEngineering Engineering design and pre-construction activities of treatment orremediation alternatives.6.2.4 Phase 4: ConstructionPhase 4: ConstructionConstruction of selected treatment or remediation alternatives. Includesstart-up, but exclud
29、es all operations.6.2.5 Phase 5: Operations and Maintenance (O additional cost driving parameters for all Level 3 ECES elements must be identified.The purpose of secondary parametersis to identify and capture those characteristics that impact environmental management project cost. Cost driving param
30、eters aredata that characterize activities or sub-activities and significantly effect cost. These cost driving parameters are readily availableTABLE 1 Level 1 and Level 2 Classification MatrixLevel 1 Level2 Environmental ManagementPh1 Ph2 Ph3 Ph4 Ph5 Ph6 Ph8 Sub-Proj.Assess. Studies Design Const. O
31、or(2) 4.X.33.03 for all subprojects if the distinction for this element is not important between subprojects.7.6.1.6 If there are no subprojects, then there will be no alpha characters in the ECES number. In this case the numbering forthe ECES element Disposal Tipping Fees for Phase 4 would be:(1) 4
32、.33.037.6.2 This optional level is not considered to be one of the ECES levels. Whether or not it is used, Level 1 of the ECES is stillPhases 1 through 6 and 8, and the Level 2 is still the 34 major ECES elements from Program Management, Support, andInfrastructure to DisposalCommercial.8. Keywords8.
33、1 CERCLA; characterization; cleanup technology; code of accounts; cost elements; cost estimation; cost management;decommissioning; decontamination; ECES; environmental cost element structure; environmental management; environmentalremediation; environmental restoration; life-cycle costs; life-cycle
34、phases; operation and maintenance; phases; programmanagement; project management; RCRA; remediation; site investigation; standard classification; surveillance and long-termmonitoring; waste management; WBS; work breakdown structureAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF USE OF THE ECESX1.
35、1 The following example is provided to show how to use the ECES throughout the life-cycle of a project. This hypotheticalproject involves a site that may or may not be contaminated with organic and inorganic hazardous waste.X1.2 Project DescriptionThe site is located in the Mid-Atlantic region of th
36、e country with very sandy soil and shallowgroundwater. The assessment conducted discovered that the groundwater is contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, andxylene (BTEX), lead, and high levels of arsenic. As part of Phase 2 studies, it was also found that the contaminants pose anunaccept
37、able risk to a nearby community. Based on a cleanup technology alternative study, engineers will select groundwaterpumping followed by coagulation/flocculation/precipitation and ion exchange as a final step. The treatment units need to treatapproximately one million gallons of groundwater per day. T
38、o remove the BTEX, Ultraviolet Photolysis will be used. A treatmenttrain will be designed and constructed to clean up the site. The technologies (treatment train) will be housed in a treatment trainfacility. The O additional cost driving parameters for all Level 3ECES elements must be identified. Th
39、e purpose of secondary parameters is to identify and capture those characteristics that impactenvironmental management project cost.X3.2 Cost driving parameters are data that characterize activities or sub-activities and significantly effect cost. These cost drivingparameters are readily available t
40、o the work managers who are acquainted with the work and can be included while reporting thecost data without requiring additional resources. As an example, Element 4.18.01 (Phase 4) Extraction Wells will commonly havean associated parameter of each (that is, $X/each well). However, additional cost
41、driving parameters are necessary to define thisactivity in a meaningful way. The additional cost driving parameters for this activity would include depth and diameter of the well,the construction material of the well, site conditions, or physical state of media and other parameters. This information
42、 should bereadily available to the work manager.X3.3 The cost driving parameters associated with Level 3 elements of ECES are presented in a matrix format. The first row ofthe matrix identifies the secondary parameters or measures while the first four columns represents the ECES numbers and titles.T
43、he numbers marked within the matrix represents those ECES phases where these parameters are most applicable and the boldednumbers represent primary unit of measure. The numbers are used as a guideline, and users are free to use any parameters asappropriate. For example, the WBS Element X.22.09, Tric
44、kling Filter, is marked with the numbers “4,5” in Materials UsedTABLE X2.1 Proposed Waste CategoriesCategories1. Sanitary Waste2. PCB WasteTo include radioactive PCB waste3. Asbestos WasteTo include radioactive asbestos waste4. Hazardous WasteWaste that appears on one of the four RCRA hazardous wast
45、es lists or exhibits at least one of four characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, ortoxicity5. Mixed Radioactive WasteWaste containing both hazardous waste (“listed waste” and exhibits hazardous characteristics as defined in 40 CFR Part 261, Subpart C, or both) and lowlevel radioacti
46、ve waste (source material, special nuclear material, or by-product material subject to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954)6. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)Fly ash produced from burning coal (may contain uranium, thorium or other naturally occurring radionuclides)Bulk wastes produced when
47、 mining uranium ores using underground mining, in-situ leaching, or surface excavation methods (typically containing radium,uranium and thorium)7. Uranium Mill Tailings (11e.(2) WasteWaste rock (fine grained, sand-like, and silt materials) and processing equipment generated from mining and milling o
48、perations8. Low Level Radioactive Waste (LLW)Radioactive waste not classified as high level waste, transuranic waste, or spent nuclear fuel, and does not contain RCRA-hazardous wasteLLW accounts for approximately 90 % of all radioactive wastes; approximately 95 % of LLW is Class AClass Aloses its ra
49、dioactive hazard in 20 years$100 nanocuries gram of waste with a half life of 20 years10. Contact Handled Transuranic Waste (CH TRU)Contained in 55-gallon metal drums or metal boxesAlpha emitter: shielded by outer layer of persons skin or sheet of paperMaximum radiation dose at the surface of CH TRU container is 200 mrem/h11. Remote Handled Transuranic Waste (RH TRU)Handled and transported in shielded casksGamma emitter (very penetrating)requires concrete, lead, or steel to blockUnshielded container at surface emits 200 mrem/h12. Spent Nuclear Fuel
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