1、Designation:E263909a Designation: E2639 12Standard Test Method forBlast Resistance of Trash Receptacles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2639; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a procedure for characterizing the performance of a trash receptacle when an explosive isdetonated w
3、ithin the receptacle.1.1.1The procedure measures the magnitude of blast waves (that is, external overpressures) developed and determines the extentand location of fragmentation produced during the explosion.1.1.2Effects due to a fireball resulting from the detonation of an explosive within a trash r
4、eceptacle are beyond the scope of thetest method.1.1.1 The procedure determines the extent and location of fragments produced during the explosion, and whether breaches arecreated in the exterior surfaces of the trash receptacle.1.1.2 Appendix X1 provides guidance for determining the magnitude of bl
5、ast waves (that is, external overpressures) developed.1.1.3 Effects due to a fireball resulting from the detonation of an explosive within a trash receptacle are beyond the scope ofthe test method.1.2 This test method is intended to be performed in open-air test arenas.1.3 The values stated in SI un
6、its are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
7、 practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD790 Test Methods for Flexural Propert
8、ies of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE2740 Specification for Trash Receptacles Subjected to Blast Resistance Testing2.2 Government Standards:DOD 4145.26 M De
9、partment of Defense: DOD Contractors Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives3DOD 6055.9 STD Department of Defense: DOD Ammunition and Explosives Safety StandardsDepartment of Commerce: Voluntary Product Standard PS 1, Structural Plywood4Voluntary Product Standard PS 1 Structural Plywood51This te
10、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.08 onOperational Equipment.Current edition approved June 1, 2009.Feb. 15, 2012. Published July 2009.March 2012. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous
11、edition approved in 2009 asE2639 09a. DOI: 10.1520/E2639-09A.10.1520/E2639-12.2Available from the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060 6128.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Ser
12、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from the worldwide web at: http:/www.ddesb.pentagon.mil/DoD6055.9-STD%205%20Oct%202004.pdf.3Available from the Defense Technical Information Cente
13、r, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060 6128.4Available from the worldwide web at http:/ts.nist.gov/Standards/Conformity/upload/PS%201%20final%20complete%20w%20cover.pdf. at: http:/www.ddesb.pentagon.mil/DoD6055.9-STD%205%20Oct%202004.pdf.Fundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems
14、 , Chapter 12, Weapons and Systems Engineering Department, United States Naval Academy, http:/www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part12.htm.5Available from the worldwide web at http:/ts.nist.gov/Standards/Conformity/upload/PS%201%20final%20complete%20w%20cover.pdf.1This document is not an ASTM st
15、andard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all ca
16、ses only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 For terminology generally associated with explosives, refer t
17、o the glossaries given in DOD 4145.26 M and DOD 6055.9STD.3.1.1 Some of the definitions in this standard (3.2) are either adopted as exact copies, or are adapted, from DOD 4145.26 M.Where adapted, changes to the DOD definitions were made only to clarify the meaning or to incorporate related terms th
18、at alsoare defined in this terminology section.3.1.2 The DOD source is identified parenthetically at the right margin following the definition.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 alias, na false low-frequency component that appears when reconstructing analog data that are sampled at an insufficientrate.3.2.2 deto
19、nation, n(1) Aa violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mechanical mixture resulting in heat andpressure.pressure; (2)Aa reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe result of the chemical reaction is
20、 exertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding mediumforming a propagating shock wave that is originally of supersonic velocity. DOD 4145.26 M3.2.3 explosion, na chemical reaction of any chemical compound (or mechanical mixture) that, when initiated, undergoes avery rapid combustion or deco
21、mposition releasing large volumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on the surroundingmedium. DOD 4145.26 M3.2.4 explosive, nany chemical compound (or mechanical mixture) that, when subjected to heat, impact, friction, detonation,or other suitable initiation, undergoes a very rapid chemical
22、 change with the evolution of large volumes of highly heated gases thatexert pressures in the surrounding medium. DOD 4145.26 M3.2.5 fireball, na highly luminous, intensely hot cloud of dust, gas, and or vapor generated by an explosion.3.2.6 fragment, nsolid material propelled from an explosion as a
23、 result of fragmentation.3.2.6.1 primary fragment, na fragment produced from the explosive device itself.3.2.6.2 secondary fragment, na fragment produced from the container or environment where the container is placed; a pieceof receptacle broken off as a result of the charge being detonated inside
24、of it.3.2.7 fragmentation, nbreaking up of the confining material of a chemical compound (or mechanical mixture) when anexplosion takes place. DOD 4145.26 M3.2.8 overpressure, nthe pressure, exceeding the ambient pressure, manifested in the shock wave of an explosion.DOD 4145.26 M3.2.9 rigid plastic
25、, nfor purposes of general classification, a plastic that has a modulus of elasticity, either in flexure or intension, greater than 700 MPa (100 000 lbf/in2) at 23C (73F) and 50 % relative humidity when tested in accordance with TestMethod D747, Test Methods D790, Test Method D638, or Test Method D8
26、82. D8833.2.10 silhouette, na witness panel that is constructed in the approximate shape of a human.3.2.103.2.11 trash receptacle, na public- or commercial-use refuse bin that holds discarded items until collected.3.2.10.13.2.11.1 DiscussionThe capacity of a trash receptacle specimen subjected to th
27、e test procedure described in this standard istypically less than 200 L (50 gal).3.2.113.2.12 trash receptacle lid, na removable or hinged cover that fits over the open hollow of the receptacle.3.2.12.1 DiscussionA lid component is normally fitted to the configuration of the top opening of the trash
28、 receptacle and ismanufactured by means of a molding process using a rigid plastic having a relatively low tensile or flexural modulus, 1000 MPa(150 000 lbf/in.2) maximum. The thickness of a section (for example, top) of a typical lid generally does not exceed 5 mm (316in.).3.2.13 trash receptacle l
29、iner, nremovable or non-removable a removable lining that is provided within a trash receptacleto retain liquids and fluid-like materials that seep from trash.3.2.11.13.2.13.1 DiscussionThis device is normally fitted to the configuration of the interior of the trash receptacle and ismanufactured usi
30、ng a molding process from non-rigid plastic materials.3.2.12This component is normally fitted to the configuration of the interior of the trash receptacle and is manufactured bymeans of a molding process using a rigid plastic having a relatively low tensile or flexural modulus, 1000 MPa (150 000 lbf
31、/in.2)maximum. The wall thickness of a typical liner generally does not exceed 5 mm (316 in.).3.2.14 trash receptacle rubbish bag, na removable, replaceable container that is provided within a trash receptacle to allowcollected trash (that is, rubbish) to be removed from the receptacle and moved to
32、a disposal location.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThis bag is normally of a volume capacity to fit the configuration of the interior of the trash receptacle.It is manufactured from a plastic film generally having a thickness of less than 0.16 mm (0.006 in.).3.2.15 witness panel, na flat, rectangular sheet-cons
33、truction mounted upright within the explosion test arena for purposes ofdetermining whether fragments are produced during the detonation of the specimen.E2639 1224. Summary of Test Method4.1 A trash receptacle is placed on a steel plate in the center of an explosive test arena (as described in Secti
34、on 11).4.2 An explosive charge is placed at one of four predetermined locations within the receptacle and detonated.4.3Upon detonation, the magnitude of the resultant pressure waves is measured. Subsequently, changes in the trash receptacledimensions are recorded, and the extent and location of frag
35、mentation produced is recorded.4.3 After detonation, the trash receptacle is examined for the presence of breaches (such as cracks, fissures, and holes) in itsexterior surface, and the extent and location of fragments produced are recorded.NOTE 1Users of this standard testing the blast resistance of
36、 trash receptacles can, at their own option, measure the magnitude of overpressures createdduring the explosion. Guidance for performing such measurements is provided in Appendix X1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test procedure is used to measure two of the main effects of an explosive detonated in
37、 a trash receptacle as related tothe type and amount of explosive charge and the location where the charge is placed in the trash receptacle. The two sources ofdamage are from:5.1.1Primary effects are:5.1.1 Release of primary and secondary fragments due to the detonation, fragments, and5.1.2Overpres
38、sure from the detonation.5.2This test procedure is also used to document the physical 5.1.2 Physical damage to the trash receptacle due to explosion.receptacle.5.3This5.2 This test procedure is applicable to all trash receptacles, including lidded or non-lidded as supplied by themanufacturer.5.4This
39、5.3 This test procedure is used to generate data for use in developing performance specifications for trash receptacles.5.4 For users having interest in determining overpressures created by the detonation, Appendix X1 provides guidance formaking such determinations.6. Test Apparatus and Equipment6.1
40、 Barometric Pressure GaugeTo determine atmospheric pressure at the time of the test, allowed variability is 60.1 kPa (61mbar). The gauge shall be capable of reading pressure at the altitude of the explosion test site.6.2 Calipers, Steel Rule, and Measuring tapeTape, calibrated in millimetres, to det
41、ermine the internal and external dimensionsof the trash receptacle specimen before and after the explosive event.6.3 CamerasDigital for still photos; digital video and high speed digital video, capable of recording a minimum 2400 framesper second, to record the explosive event, including slow-motion
42、 effects of fragmentation and deformation of the trash receptacle.6.4 Cardboard Tubes, to hold bare C4 explosive (see 7.1.3).6.5 DetonatorStandard electric detonator placed in the center of mass of the charge.6.6 Explosive, as described in Section 7.6.7 Humidity SensorAllowed variability is 62 % RH.
43、6.8 Pressure Measuring Sensors and Recorder, as described in 11.5.1 and 11.5.2, respectively; allowed pressure sensorvariability is 617 kPa (62.5 lbf/in.2).6.9Temperature Measuring DeviceAllowed variability is 61C (62F).6.106.9 Weighing Balance or Scales, for weighing the amount of explosive charge;
44、 allowed variability is 60.1 g.6.116.10 Weighing Scales, for determining the mass of the trash receptacle test specimen; allowed variability is 61.0 %.6.126.11 Wind Measuring Deviceallowed variability is 62 m/s (4.5 mph).7. Explosive Charge7.1 Type of Explosive ChargeUnless otherwise determined by a
45、greement between the party commissioning the test and thetesting laboratory, use a bare C4 explosive charge as the test explosive at a relative effectiveness factor of 1.34 in relation to 0.45kg (1.0 lb) of trinitrotoluene (TNT).NOTE1A 2A Relative Effectiveness Factor (R.E. factor) is a measurement
46、of an explosives power and is used to compare an explosiveseffectiveness relative to TNT by mass (weight) only. Engineers can substitute one explosive for another when using blasting equations that are designedfor TNT. For example, if a timber cutting charge requires 1 kg of TNT to work, it would ta
47、ke 0.75 kg of C4 to have the same effect. For further discussionson the potential and relative strength of explosives, see Fundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems, Chapter 12.66Fundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems , Chapter 12, Weapons and Systems Engineering Department, United States Naval Academy,
48、http:/www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part12.htm.E2639 1237.1.1 Mass of Explosive ChargeDetermine the mass of the explosive charge by agreement between the party commissioningthe test and the testing laboratory.7.1.2 Fabricate the charge by packing C4 charge (or the agreed upon explosive) into
49、 a cylindrical cardboard tube. The heightof the explosive packed in the cardboard tube shall be within 1.0 to 1.5 times the diameter of the tube. For ease of handling, usemasking or duct tape to close the top and bottom openings of the packed cardboard tube.7.1.3 The density of the packed explosive charge shall be uniform throughout the cardboard tube. For purposes of this standardtest method, the charge is considered to be uniformly packed in the cardboard tube if the explosive charge density is at least 1.4g/cm3(0.051 lb/in.3).7
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