1、Designation: E2640 10Standard Guide forResource Management in Emergency Management andHomeland Security1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide offers a compilation of information intended to increase awareness and offer guidancein the area of resource manage
3、ment. While not binding on any sector, this guide presents ideas on andconcepts for what should be included as part of a resource management program. It is a blend of bestpractices for resource management and is intended to complement existing plans, policies, andprocedures; some terminology may dif
4、fer to convey the meaning to a broad audience. This guide isa product of an interagency task group formed to address the need for consistency in resourcemanagement processes nationwide and to assist the U.S. emergency management and homelandsecurity community in conforming to the basic concepts, pri
5、nciples, and policies of the NationalIncident Management System 2008 (NIMS).2This guide was established using the followingfoundational documents: the National Response Framework (NRF),3NFPA 16004and NFPA 1561,5NIMS, and the EMAP (Emergency Management Standard by the Emergency Management Accredi-tat
6、ion Program).61. Scope1.1 This guide provides a standard frame of reference formanaging resources in conjunction with an incident.1.2 This guide addresses fundamental terms, references,definitions, and a process model for implementation of re-source management plans, policies, and procedures in anin
7、cident.1.3 This guide complements the concepts and principles ofNIMS developed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Secu-rity (DHS).1.4 This guide is intended to complement and support theresource sharing goals and objectives of the Emergency Man-agement Assistance Compact (EMAC).71.5 This guide may b
8、e used in conjunction with theNFPA 1600 Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management andBusiness Continuity Programs and NFPA 1561 Standard onEmergency Services Incident Management System.1.6 This guide may be used by any and all entities having arole in the preparation for, response to, recovery from,
9、 andmitigation and prevention of an incident.1.7 This guide is not intended to address all facets ofresource management in the private sector, nor is it intended toprovide comprehensive guidance for categorization and typingof all resources that might be used during an incident.1.8 This standard doe
10、s not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The follo
11、wing is a list of fundamental references tounderstand this guide:DHS, NIMS Document, December 22, 2008DHS, NIMS Guide NG 0001 National Resource TypingCriteria, 20078DHS, NIMS Guide NG 0002 National Credentialing Defi-nition and Criteria, 20079DHS, Resource Typing Documents: FEMA 508-1FEMA508-8101Thi
12、s guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on HomelandSecurity Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.02 onEmergency Preparedness, Training, and Procedures.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. DOI: 10.1520/E2640-10.2For access to thi
13、s document, go to www.FEMA.gov/emergency/nims/.3For access tot his document, go to www.FEMA.gov/emergency/nrf/.4For access tot his document, go to www.nfpa.org/assets/files/pdf/nfpa1600.pdf.5For access tot his document, go to www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/CodesStandards/TIAErrataFI/TIA1561-02-1.pdf.
14、6For access tot his document, go to www.emaponline.org/.7For information on EMAC, go to http:/www.emacweb.org/.8For access to this document, go to http:/www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/ng_0001.pdf.9For access to this document, go to http:/www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/ng_0002.pdf.10For access to t
15、hese documents, go to www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/rm/rt.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DHS, National Response Framework, January 2008EMAP The Emergency Management Standard, September2007NFPA1561 Standard on Emergency
16、 Services Incident Man-agement System, 2008NFPA 1600 Standard on Disaster/Emergency Managementand Business Continuity Programs, 2007National Volunteer Organizations Active in Disaster(NVOAD), Managing Spontaneous Volunteers in Timesof Disaster: The Synergy of Structure and Good Inten-tions, 2008113.
17、 Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 categorizing resourcesthe process of organizingresources by category, kind, and type, including size, capacity,capability, skill, and other characteristics to facilitate moreefficient resource ordering among providers and users duringan incident.12NIMS 20083.1.2 ent
18、itya governmental agency or jurisdiction, privateor public company, partnership, nonprofit organization, orother organization that has disaster/emergency managementand continuity of operations responsibilities. NFPA 16003.1.3 credentialing processthe objective evaluation anddocumentation of an indiv
19、iduals current certification, license,or degree; training and experience; and competence or profi-ciency to meet applicable standards, provide particular servicesand/or functions, or perform specific tasks under specificconditions during an incident. NIMS 20083.1.4 inventory(v) a dynamic accounting
20、of resourcesavailable to an entity in order to ensure timely delivery; (n)resources being accounted for in the process.3.1.5 mobilizationprocesses and procedures used by allentitiesFederal, State, tribal, territorial, non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), private sector, and localfor activat-ing, as
21、sembling, and transporting all resources that have beenrequested to respond to or support an incident. NFPA 1600/NIMS 20083.1.6 agreementsadvance written (preferred) and/or oralarrangements between and among entities that provide amechanism to share resources and obtain assistance.NFPA 1600/NIMS 200
22、83.1.7 resourcespersonnel, materiel, and services availableor potentially available for assignment or allocation to incidentoperations or coordination, and for which status is maintained.Resources are categorized by kind and type, and may be usedin operational support or supervisory capacities at an
23、 incident.NIMS 2008DiscussionThe following definitions are subsets to theterm “resources”:3.1.7.1 materiel resourcesequipment, apparatus, animals,and supplies used by an entity that generally can be orderedfrom inventory or can be rapidly produced to meet the needs ofthe incident. Examples include b
24、uilding materials, householdgoods, consumables, and commodities needed for subsistence,such as water, food, clothing, ice, shelter, childcare products,medical and fire supplies, etc. (This term is often referred to byvarious entities within the resource management community as“material resources.”)3
25、.1.7.2 personnel resourcesall of the people who areneeded to support the incident, including the knowledge, skills,and abilities they possess. Personnel may be full- or part-time,in-house, or outsourced.3.1.7.3 services resourcesmateriel and personnel resourcefunctions that are assembled to support
26、missions or operationalneeds. Services can be categorized or typed to facilitatemeeting-specific requirements.3.1.8 resource management(n) an operational processmodel for identifying, categorizing, ordering, mobilizing,tracking, recovering, and demobilizing resources, as well as aprocess for reimbur
27、sement of resources, as appropriate; (v)application of the process. NFPA 1600/NIMS 20083.1.9 resource trackinga process to record, account for,monitor, and report the status of resources.3.1.10 volunteerany individual accepted to perform ser-vices by the lead agency (which has authority to acceptvol
28、unteer services) when the individual performs serviceswithout promise, expectation, or receipt of compensation forservices performed. Within this guide, the term “volunteer”when referenced solely will be inclusive of affiliated andunaffiliated volunteers and convergent groups. NIMS 2008DiscussionThe
29、 following definitions are subsets to theterm “volunteer” as defined and endorsed by the NationalVolunteer Organizations Active in Disaster (NVOAD):3.1.10.1 affliated volunteersvolunteers who are attachedto a recognized voluntary or nonprofit organization and aretrained for specific disaster respons
30、e activities. Their relation-ship with the organization precedes the immediate disaster, andthey are invited by that organization to become involved in aparticular aspect of emergency management. NVOAD3.1.10.2 unaffliated volunteersalso known as spontane-ous, emergent, and/or convergent volunteers,
31、individuals whooffer to help or self-deploy to assist in emergency situationswithout fully coordinating their activities with emergencymanagement at the local, State, territorial, tribal, or Federallevels. They are considered “unaffiliated” in that they are actingindependently, as individuals, outsi
32、de of the recognized coor-dination system of the impacted jurisdiction(s). NVOAD3.1.10.3 convergent groupsgroup of individuals that mayhave a distinguishable identity, organizational structure, and acollective desire to assist. These groups do not have anaffiliation with emergency management at the
33、local, State,territorial, tribal, or Federal levels. They are considered “con-vergent” in that they are self-deployed, acting independently,as a group, outside of the recognized coordination of theimpacted jurisdiction(s). NVOAD4. Summary of Guide4.1 Emergency management and homeland security practi
34、-tioners should use this guide as a reference to develop andimplement plans, policies, and procedures for the effective andefficient use of resources.11For access to this document, go to www.nvoad.org.12For access to the FEMA 508-1 through FEMA 508-8 resources categorydocuments, go to http:/www.fema
35、.gov/emergency/nims/ResourceMngmnt.shtm#item4.E2640 1024.2 Documents developed from this guide should be re-viewed and revised as necessary based on new mandates and/orguidance or, at a minimum, on the standard ASTM five-yearreview cycle. The review should consider new and updatedrequirements and gu
36、idance, technologies, and other informa-tion or equipment that might have a significant impact on themanagement of resources.4.3 This guide describes minimum requirements associatedwith resource management for the purpose of emergencypreparedness, response, and recovery. To provide clarity, thisGuid
37、e has been divided into two distinct sections:4.3.1 Resource Management PreparednessActivities thatoccur prior to an incident. (Reference Section 6, ResourceManagement Preparedness.)4.3.2 Operational Process ModelSequential steps associ-ated with resource management during and following anincident.
38、(Reference Section 7, Operational Process Model.)5. Significance and Use5.1 Coordination and provision of emergency resources tojurisdictions and people impacted by all types of incidents is afundamental aspect of emergency management. The ability toidentify resource needs, articulate those needs ef
39、fectively toresource providers, and mobilize the necessary resources fromthe source to the point of distribution is the essence of disasterassistance. Standardization of terminology and processes willbenefit all individuals and entities engaged in emergency-related resource management.5.2 This guide
40、 provides emergency management and home-land security practitioners with a common, structured approachto resource management.6. Resource Management Preparedness6.1 Resource management preparedness addresses resourcemanagement activities and processes that should be in placeprior to an incident to fa
41、cilitate effective response. There areseven essential elements to resource management prepared-ness: (1) planning and procedures; (2) resource needs assess-ment; (3) resources (materiel, personnel, and services); (4)agreements; (5) inventory process; (6) maintenance; and (7)information systems. Each
42、 one of the aforementioned elementswill be discussed globally to set its context, in addition tosuggesting minimum requirements associated with each. How-ever, this Guide does not set a standard for such requirements.6.1.1 Planning and ProceduresThe planning processshould include indentifying resour
43、ce needs based on the threatsto and vulnerabilities of the jurisdiction and developing alter-native strategies to obtain the needed resources. Entities shouldinvolve key private and public stakeholders in advising onstrategic planning and operations for any resource managementprogram. Further, entit
44、ies should incorporate unique aspectsfrom their resource management program (for example, man-aging of personnel and materiel resources and services) intocomprehensive preparedness, response, and recovery plans andprocedures.6.1.2 Resource Needs AssessmentEntities should deter-mine baseline resource
45、 requirements, compare those require-ments with available resources, and identify additional re-source needs or gaps. A resource needs assessment is based onhazards/threats identified through a comprehensive all-hazardidentification and risk assessment (HIRA) process. An assess-ment of the functions
46、 that could be performed by the entitiesshould be conducted and documented. Procedures to obtainsuch services during an incident should be established throughcontracts and agreements. To the extent possible, communicatepotential resource needs to likely resource providers, includingthe private secto
47、r, to support appropriate planning on their part.6.1.3 ResourcesResources may be conveniently groupedinto three fundamental categories: (1) materiel, (2) personnel,and (3) services resources. Alternatively, other categories maybe appropriate, such as more specific typing (for example,information res
48、ources) or by criticality of need (for example,critical services). Personnel resource management is markedlydifferent from materiel resource management and deserves itsown treatment. The following sections provide a standardizedguide for materiel resources, personnel resources, and servicesutilized
49、during an incident. Additionally, it should be recog-nized that materiel, personnel, and services resources areprovided to or requested from four categories of sources: (1)government; (2) private-sector business; (3) NGOs; and (4)donations.6.1.3.1 Materiel ResourcesMateriel resources can be“typed” by Category, Kind, and Typethese three measuresare known as performance capability levels. There are two tiersof resource typing definitions as defined in the DHS, NIMSGuide NG 0001. Tier One resources include the nationallydefined FEMA 120 Resource Types. Ti
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