ASTM E2774-2011 Standard Specification for Evaluation and Selection of Venues for Environmentally Sustainable Meetings Events Trade Shows and Conferences《用于环境可持续发展会议 活动 贸易展览和研讨会的场馆.pdf

1、Designation: E2774 11Standard Specification forEvaluation and Selection of Venues for EnvironmentallySustainable Meetings, Events, Trade Shows, andConferences1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado

2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification offers a way to address environmental sustainability

3、 in the meeting and eventindustry. It is a tool for event planners and suppliers to understand the attributes of an environmentallysustainable event. The goal in developing this specification is to establish common benchmarks forenvironmental performance in events for both planner and supplier secto

4、rs. This specificationconsiders the creation of an environmentally sustainable event to be a partnership between plannersand their suppliers. Each plays a critical role in the effort.In this specification, options are addressed for minimizing the environmental impact of face-to-faceevents. The appro

5、ach of this specification is to focus on measurable outcomes and policies for plannersand suppliers. This maximizes the ability of businesses to select the methods best tailored to theirneeds to achieve benchmarks and measurable outcomes.1. Scope1.1 This specification delineates procedural requireme

6、ntsfor venue selection for meetings, events, tradeshows, or con-ferences (hereafter, referred to as events). Venue selection is thepractice of researching, evaluating and choosing the facility foran event. Site selection is a core activity to plan an event andbring it to fruition.1.2 This specificat

7、ion has two categories: planner and sup-plier:1.2.1 In the planner category, criteria are identified relatedto sustainability that are considered in venue selection byplanners.1.2.2 In the supplier category, criteria are listed for venueprofessionals.1.3 There are nine specifications covering the fo

8、llowingareas of event planning: destination selection, accommoda-tions, food and beverage, audio visual, onsite offices, commu-nication and marketing materials, transportation, exhibits, andvenues. Within each specification are eight categories criteria:staff management policy, communications, waste

9、 management,energy, air quality, water, procurement, and community part-ners. Each category is further split into four progressive levelsof achievement. Information within each specification is di-vided as follows: Main BodyScope, Referenced Documents,Terminology, Planner Requirements for Level 1, S

10、upplier Re-quirements for Level 1, and Keywords; AnnexesPlannerRequirements for Levels24andSupplier Requirements forLevels24.1.4 All areas of performance specified under this specifica-tion may not be relevant for each event, or for each facility orprovider of event services. In some cases, an event

11、 plannerwould use this specification in conjunction with other specifi-cations (for example, Specifications E2741, E2742) or thisspecification may be used individually. In other words, ele-ments of an event may be separated out and considered solely,or added together and considered as a unit (for ex

12、ample,venues used individually versus transportation, accommoda-tions, and destination selection used in conjunction). Further-more, the specification applies separately to each supplier foran event. This means if multiple suppliers are used within thecontext of a single specification, each supplier

13、 must individu-ally meet the supplier requirements. To be considered anenvironmentally sustainable event at Level 1, all areas appli-cable to that event shall be achieved.1.5 If higher levels are achieved in some sections, the eventcan only be considered environmentally sustainable at thelowest leve

14、l achieved.1.6 The use of levels within this specification recognizes thepath to environmentally sustainable events is a multi-stageeffort. The idea behind the levels is to provide a coherentbaseline for measuring environmental performance, while1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

15、Committee E60 onSustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.02 on Hospital-ity.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2774-11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sta

16、tes.being flexible enough to adapt to the needs of more advancedplanners and establish a performance path that encouragesfurther environmental performance improvement. In addition,the evolution of products and services to support events isexpected allowing additional advancements and underscoringthe

17、 dynamic nature of environmental sustainability. This speci-fication primarily focuses on environmental sustainability,while some aspects of economic and social sustainability areincluded recognizing the complete path toward overall sustain-ability.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be

18、 regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the

19、 user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsE2114

20、Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Per-formance of BuildingsE2741 Specification for Evaluation and Selection of Desti-nations for Environmentally Sustainable Meetings, Events,Trade Shows, and ConferencesE2742 Specification for Evaluation and Selection of Exhib-its for Environmentally Sus

21、tainable Meetings, Events,Trade Shows, and Conferences2.2 ASHRAE Documents:3ASHRAE Guideline 0 The Commissioning Process2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 14040 Environmental ManagementLife CycleAssessmentPrinciples and Framework2.4 Federal Statutes:5Federal Hazardous Substances Act Labeling and BanningRequirem

22、ents for Chemicals and Other Hazardous Sub-stances, 15 U.S.C. 1261 and 16 C.F.R. Part 1500U.S. Clean Air Act3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 alternative fuel, na fuel that is substantially nonpe-troleum based conventional liquids (for example, non-gasolineor non-diesel), yields substantial energy

23、 security benefits, andoffers substantial environmental benefits.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThese fuels can include: pure metha-nol, ethanol, and other alcohols; blends of 68 % or more ofalcohols with gasoline; natural gas and liquid fuels domesti-cally produced from natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas(prop

24、ane); hydrogen; electricity; biodiesel; fuels, other thanalcohol, derived from biological materials; and P-Series fuels.3.1.2 biodegradable, adjcapable of decomposing undernatural conditions into elements found in nature. E21143.1.3 commissioning, na quality-oriented process forachieving, verifying,

25、 and documenting that the performance offacilities, systems, and assemblies meets defined objectives andcriteria. ASHRAE Guideline 03.1.3.1 DiscussionCommissioning is an 9umbrella9 pro-cess for all the planning, delivery, verification, and managingrisks to critical functions performed in, or by, fac

26、ilities.Commissioning uncovers deficiencies in design or installationusing peer review and field verification. Commissioning alsoaccomplishes higher energy efficiency, environmental health,and occupant safety and improves indoor air quality. Commis-sioning is a quality assurance-based process that d

27、eliverspreventive and predictive maintenance plans, tailored operat-ing manuals, and training procedures. Essentially, the commis-sioning process formalizes review and integration of all projectexpectations during planning, design, construction, and occu-pancy phases by inspection and functional per

28、formance testing,and oversight of operator training and record documentation.3.1.4 compostable, adjcapable of undergoing biologicaldecomposition in a compost site as part of an availableprogram where facilities exist, such that the material breaksdown into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds,

29、 andbiomass, at a rate appropriate for such program.3.1.5 convention and visitorsbureau (CVB), nconventionand visitor bureaus are not-for-profit organizations chargedwith representing a specific destination and helping the long-term development of communities through a travel and tourismstrategy.3.1

30、.5.1 DiscussionConvention and visitor bureaus areusually membership organizations bringing together businessesthat rely on tourism and events for revenue.3.1.6 corporate social responsibility (CSR), na policy thatfunctions as self-regulating mechanism whereby the organiza-tion monitors and ensures i

31、ts support of legal and ethicalstandards, and international norms addressing activities affect-ing the environment, consumers, employees, communities,stakeholders, and all other members of the public sphere.3.1.6.1 DiscussionCSR is the deliberate inclusion of pub-lic interest into corporate decision

32、-making and the honoring ofthe triple bottom line: People, Planet, and Profit. Also knownas corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsiblebusiness, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporatesocial performance, is a form of corporate self-regulationintegrated into a business m

33、odel.3.1.7 diversion rate, nthe rate or percentage of wastematerials diverted from traditional disposal such as landfills orincineration to be recycled, composted, or reused.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

34、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Available from I

35、nternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.E2

36、774 1123.1.8 environmental management system, na set of pro-cesses and practices that enables an organization to reduce itsenvironmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency.3.1.9 environmentally preferable products, nproducts orservices that have a lesser or reduced effect on human healtha

37、nd the environment when compared with competing productsor services that serve the same purpose.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis comparison applies to raw mate-rials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, opera-tion, maintenance, and disposal. These products may possessbiodegradable, organic, re

38、usable, recycled, or recyclable attri-butes.3.1.10 environmentally sustainable, adjenvironmental fo-cus on components, functions and systems that meets the needsof the present without compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their own needs.3.1.11 exhibitor, nan exhibitor is someone who

39、 organizesan exhibit for others to see.3.1.12 exhibitor appointed contractor (EAC), na contrac-tor hired by an exhibitor to perform trade show servicesindependently of show management appointed contractors.(Also called independent contractor.)3.1.13 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), ntoxic air pol-lu

40、tants as identified in Title III of the Clean Air Act.U.S. Clean Air Act3.1.14 hazardous materials, nany material or combina-tion of materials that because of their quantity, concentration,or physical or chemical characteristics poses an unreasonablerisk to the health and safety of persons or the en

41、vironment, orboth.3.1.14.1 DiscussionHazardous materials may require spe-cial handling during storage, manufacture, processing, packag-ing, use, disposal, or transportation due to one or more of thefollowing characteristics: poisonous, explosive, chemicallyactive, corrosive, toxic, or radioactive.3.

42、1.15 high-effciency fixtures, nplumbing fixtures (fau-cets, toilets, urinals and showerheads) that meet the followingminimum performance characteristics:3.1.15.1 Lavatory FaucetThe maximum flow rate shallnot exceed 1.5 gal (5.6 L) per minute (gpm).3.1.15.2 Single Flush ToiletsThe effective flush vol

43、umeshall not exceed 1.28 gal (4.8 L).3.1.15.3 Dual Flush ToiletsThe effective flush volumeshall not exceed 1.28 gal (4.8 L). The effective flush volume isdefined as the composite, average flush volume of two reducedflushes and one full flush.3.1.15.4 UrinalFlushing urinals shall use no more than0.5

44、gal (1.8 L) per flush (gpf) and comply with existingstandards for flushing urinals.3.1.15.5 ShowerheadsThe maximum flow rate shall notuse more than 2.0 gal (7.5 L) per minute (gpm).3.1.16 hybrid vehicle, n or adjvehicles which use amixture of more than one power source, such as electric andpetroleum

45、.3.1.16.1 DiscussionHybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs)combine the benefits of internal combustion engines andelectric motors and can be configured to obtain differentobjectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power,or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and powertools.3.1.17 lat

46、e-model vehicle, na model year 2007 heavytruck or later.3.1.18 life-cycle assessment (LCA), na method of evalu-ating a product by reviewing the ecological impact over the lifeof the product.3.1.18.1 DiscussionAt each stage, the product and itscomponents are evaluated based upon materials and energyc

47、onsumed, and the pollution and waste produced. Life stagesinclude extraction of raw materials, processing and fabrication,transportation, installation, use and maintenance, and reuse/recycling/disposal. ISO 14040 defines LCA as the compilationand evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential e

48、nviron-mental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle.E21143.1.19 local, adjrelating to or applicable to a city or townor district rather than a larger area.3.1.19.1 DiscussionThe exact distance for purposes ofsourcing goods (including food and beverage), services, andpersonnel will be

49、 determined by the planner or supplier, orboth, and be based upon the event location adjusting forlocation size and season. No standard definition exists to definelocal, inherent in this practice is the philosophy to use sourcesgeographically proximate to the event and be practical givenwide dispersion of services and products across geographicareas.3.1.20 no-idling policy, na written statement that setslimits on the maximum idling time for engines or motors of allvehicles.3.1.21 natural fiber, nnaturally-occurring materials fromplant