1、Designation: E2785 11Standard Test Method forExposure of Firestop Materials to Severe EnvironmentalConditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFirestops are installed in buildings to prevent the spread of fire. Each firestop design is dependenton its specific arr
3、angement, thickness, density, and shape of materials used in its construction and uponthe specific assembly in which it is fire tested. There are at least five types of materials used infirestops. They are endothermic, intumescent, insulative, subliming, and ablative. Some firestops usemore than one
4、 type in a specific design. The purpose of this test method is to provide a common setof procedures for evaluating the potential behavior of materials used in firestops to variousenvironmental conditions. There are other materials used in firestop systems that are not of the fivetypes listed above,
5、which are not intended to be evaluated by this test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physical proper-ties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materials after astandardized environmental exposure. This test method doesnot evaluate the fire performance of the firestop m
6、aterials.1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid indetermining the use of the tested material in buildings.1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of componentproducts used within a firestop system, and does not evaluatethe properties of assembled firestop systems.NOTE 1This
7、test method does not preclude the possibility of exposingcomplete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposuresand then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method inthe evaluation of the relative behavior of a speci
8、fic materialbefore and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria.Individual tests are not intended to be the only determiningfactor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material becauseeach test has limitations.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The
9、values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
10、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparat
11、usC1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and D
12、ensity of Bituminous Paving MixturesD3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without LoadD3850 Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation ofSolid Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimet-ric Method (TGA)D4434 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roof-ing1This test method is under th
13、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21on Serviceability.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2785-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
14、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4637 Specification for
15、EPDM Sheet Used In Single-PlyRoof MembraneD4714 Test Method for Determination of Effect of MoistHeat (50 % Relative Humidity and 90C) on Properties ofPaper and Board3D5510 Practice for Heat Aging of Oxidatively DegradablePlastics3D5893 Specification for Cold Applied, Single Component,Chemically Curi
16、ng Silicone Joint Sealant for PortlandCement Concrete PavementsD6083 Specification for Liquid Applied Acrylic CoatingUsed in RoofingD6754 Specification for Ketone Ethylene Ester Based SheetRoofingD6878 Specification for Thermoplastic Polyolefin BasedSheet RoofingD6947 Specification for Liquid Applie
17、d Moisture CuredPolyurethane Coating Used in Spray Polyurethane FoamRoofing SystemE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE176 T
18、erminology of Fire StandardsE473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsF495 Test Method for Weight Loss of Gasket MaterialsUpon Exposure to Elevated TemperaturesG151 Practice for E
19、xposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions in the following standards willprevail for terms not defined in this test meth
20、od.3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in this testmethod related to building construction, refer to TerminologyE631.3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used in this testmethod related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.3.1.3 For definitions of general terms used in this testmet
21、hod related to thermal analysis and rheology, refer toTerminology E473.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ablative, adjcharacterized by the capability for rap-idly dissipating heat from a substrate.3.2.2 endothermic, adjcharacterized by a process orchange that takes place with
22、absorption of heat and requireshigh temperature for initiation and maintenance.3.2.3 insulative, adjcharacterized by an extremely lowdielectric constant, low thermal conductivity or both.3.2.4 intumescent, adjcharacterized by foaming andswelling when exposed to high surface temperatures or flames.3.
23、2.5 subliming, adjcharacterized by the direct passage ofa substance from solid to vapor without appearing in theintermediate (liquid) state.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes the following test sequenceand procedure:4.1.1 The firestop material is measured for its physicalpropert
24、ies or chemical properties, or both, before exposure tostandardized severe environments.4.1.2 The firestop material is exposed to standardized severeenvironmental exposures for a specific time period and retestedfor its physical properties or chemical properties, or both, atvarious time periods.4.1.
25、3 After the total exposure time period, the firestopmaterials physical properties or chemical properties, or both,and performance is calculated and reported as a percentage ofinitial values.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the materialperformance after exposure to
26、a standardized set of severeenvironmental conditions. It is understood that these perfor-mance values are dependent upon these standardized exposureperiods and environmental concentrations. Other values arepossible if the exposure period or severe environmental con-centration, or both, is changed.5.
27、2 This test method is intended to be used where thematerial is exposed to the specific extreme environmentalcondition in its intended field of application.5.3 The user shall establish which properties are relevant tothe application at hand, in order to determine the properties tobe tested.NOTE 2It i
28、s not intended for all properties to be tested in all cases.5.4 This test method is intended to evaluate only thefollowing types of materials, as defined by their physicalproperties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetra-tion firestops:5.4.1 Endothermic,5.4.2 Intumescent,5.4.3 Insulati
29、ve,5.4.4 Ablative, and5.4.5 Subliming.5.5 This test method determines initial physical properties,chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physi-cal properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. Thefollowing properties are to be considered, as applicable:5.5.1 Weight loss or
30、 gain,5.5.2 Volume expansion,5.5.3 Thermal conductivity,5.5.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),5.5.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),5.5.6 Tensile strength and elongation,5.5.7 Visual observations, and3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.
31、org.E2785 1125.5.8 Loss on ignition.5.6 This test method uses the following exposures:5.6.1 Elevated temperature,5.6.2 High humidity,5.6.3 Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisturepresent,5.6.4 Water immersion,5.6.5 Temperature cycling,5.6.6 Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and5.6.7 Weathering.5.7 This
32、 test method does not provide any informationregarding the actual fire performance of the firestop before orafter the exposure tests.5.8 This test method will provide a comparison betweenformula and processing changes in materials.5.9 This test method only provides for a comparison of thetested mate
33、rial before and after a standardized exposureprocess.5.10 This test method shall be used as one element inevaluating materials or selecting firestop material(s) for aspecific application. Other factors shall be considered, such asits fire performance as tested in accordance with Test MethodsE814 or
34、E119, flame spread as tested in accordance with TestMethod E84, durability, and its compatibility with its adjacentmaterials.6. Apparatus6.1 Accelerated weathering unit as described in PracticeG151 and, more specifically, Practice G155.6.2 Cold box or freezer.6.3 Vented air circulating oven, complyi
35、ng with Specifica-tion E145 that is capable of exposing samples at212F 6 3.6F (100C 6 2C).6.4 Balance, calibrated to weigh specimens to the nearest0.00035 oz (0.01 g)6.5 A 6 in. (152 mm) dial caliper with a division of 0.01 in.(0.25 mm) or smaller6.6 A small hydraulic press with platens larger than
36、5 in.(127 mm) square.6.7 Two nominally 0.125-in. (3.2-mm) thick metal shims atleast 4 in. (102 mm) long.6.8 Release liner paper.6.9 A steel ruler graduated to164 in. (0.40 mm).6.10 Environmental chamber that can be sealed for use ofgas.6.11 A TGA system.6.12 A DSC system.6.13 A volume expansion meas
37、uring system.6.14 Other apparatus as specified in the referenced stan-dards.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Use as-commercially-supplied material from the manu-facturer, with dimensions or form modified to meet theexposure and property testing required. See 7.2 and SectionA1.1.7.2 Som
38、e materials that are used to seal a penetration in thefield require special preparation before samples are exposed tothe required environments.7.2.1 Cast or form samples into the cured or dry state beforeexposure to the environmental conditions for sealants, putties,coatings, sprays, mortars, and fo
39、ams.7.2.2 Cut sheet-type materials such as wrap strips, boards,mats, blankets, pillows, preformed plugs, and sponges into aform designed to be exposed to the environmental conditions.7.2.3 Make measurements on no less than three specimensfor each time increment. Obtain and prepare samples for allexp
40、osures.8. Conditioning8.1 All test specimens shall be conditioned to equilibriumby weight in a room or chamber with a temperature of72F 6 5F (22C 6 3C) at 50 % 6 5 % RH. Weigh andrecord the weight of each test specimen once a day untilequilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is considered achievedwhen th
41、e weight change is less than 1 % per day. After thesamples have reached equilibrium, they are to be retrieved andtested within one hour after removal from the conditioningenvironment.9. Procedure9.1 Control SamplesFor each individual physical prop-erty or chemical property, or both, as enumerated in
42、 5.4,determine and record benchmarks for each material. Thebenchmark value shall be the measurement prior to anyenvironmental exposure test.9.2 Subject test specimens to any of the following in9.2.1-9.2.7, as requested by the test sponsor, and record theresults. The results shall be reported for eac
43、h required timeincrement.9.2.1 Elevated Temperature Exposure in accordance withPractice D3045, Test Method D4714, or Practice D5510.9.2.2 High Humidity in accordance with Annex A1.6.9.2.3 Concentrated Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide inaccordance with Annex A1.2.9.2.4 Water Immersion in accordance
44、with Practice D870.9.2.5 Temperature Cycling in accordance with Annex A1.3.9.2.6 Wet-Freeze-Dry Cycling in accordance with AnnexA1.4.9.2.7 Weathering in accordance with Practice C1442 usingthe Xenon-arc procedure. Irradiance level is to be set at0.51 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm for 102 min of light and 18 m
45、in oflight plus moisture, as detailed in 7.2.3 of Practice C1442.Asan option, for users who are required to operate the machine atirradiance level of 0.35 W/(m2 nm), this exposure may beused with an adjustment using the equation for determiningequivalent radiant exposures at different irradiance lev
46、els inA1.2 of Practice C1442.9.3 After exposing samples to the conditions in 9.2, deter-mine and record the properties specified in 5.5.1-5.5.8,asapplicable.9.3.1 Mass.9.3.2 The intumescent expansion ratio for material type5.4.2.9.3.3 The thermal conductivity in accordance with TestMethod C177 for m
47、aterial type 5.4.3.E2785 1139.3.4 The thermo degradation measured by TGA in accor-dance with Test Method D3850 for material types 5.4.1, 5.4.4,and 5.4.5.9.3.5 The calorific value measured by DSC in accordancewith Test Method D2041 for material types 5.4.1, 5.4.4, and5.4.5.9.3.6 Tensile strength and
48、elongation in accordance withTest Methods D412.9.3.7 Visual appearance.9.3.8 Loss on ignition according to Test Method F495.10. Calculation or Interpretation of Results10.1 Express the final results of the exposure tests as apercentage of the change in each physical property or chemicalproperty, or
49、both (LOI, mass, specific heat, etc.), calculated asfollows:P 5 A O! / O 3 100 (1)where:P = percentage change in property,O = original value, andA = value after environmental exposure.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Name of company supplying material11.1.2 Name and lot number of material tested.11.1.3 Designation of active material type (that is, intumes-cent, endothermic, etc.).11.1.4 All data for each time interval for each test method.11.1.5 Test method and designation for standard used foreach test method.11.1.6 Variation to any
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