1、Designation: E2786 10 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Expansion of Intumescent Materials Used inFirestop and Joint Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods determine, by measurement, theexpansion of intumescent materials use
3、d in firestop and jointsystems under specified conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The text of these test
4、methods references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the fire test response standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
5、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of Build
6、ing Constructions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions in the following standards willprevail for terms not defined in these test methods.3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in these testmethods related to building construction, refer to TerminologyE631.3.1.2 For definitions of general te
7、rms used in these testmethods related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 expansion, nan increase in the dimensions as the resultof heating.3.4 expansion factor, nthe ratio of the material heightbefore and after heating, under test cond
8、itions that allowexpansion only in the vertical direction.3.5 intumescent, adjcharacterized by swelling when ex-posed to high surface temperatures or flames.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods place a material of a specifiedthickness or volume into a specific device that is capable ofhea
9、ting the material.4.2 After the material is heated, its dimensional or volumet-ric change is measured.4.3 Two test methods are provided, one using a test speci-men holder (Test Method A) and the other using a waterdisplacement method (Test Method B).4.4 Test Method A may be used for measuring expans
10、ion ofany material.4.5 Test Method B may be used for measuring expansion ofany material, except for those materials that are granular, thatare susceptible to absorbing paraffin in conditioned pre-expanded state or post-expanded state, or that are susceptible todamage or deformation in a post-expande
11、d state.4.6 The test method used must be reported, as use ofdifferent test methods will result in different expansion factors.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to measure the materi-als expansion after heating.5.2 The test methods also provide a means to determine theexpansi
12、on factor.6. Apparatus6.1 Heating DeviceAn enclosed furnace or oven or simi-lar equipment capable of maintaining the temperature specifiedherein and large enough to contain the test specimen holder.6.2 Test Method ATest Specimen Holder Method:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
13、mmittee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21on Serviceability.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E278610. DOI:10.1520/E2786-10R15.2For referenced ASTM s
14、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
15、, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2.1 Test Specimen HolderA Series 300 stainless steelassembly consisting of at least two cylinders contained in aframe into which the material is placed. Each cylinder shall benominally 5 in. (130 mm) high with a nominal 2 in. (50 mm)outside diameter. Fig. 1 is an exa
16、mple of a test specimenholder. Wall thickness shall be nominal 0.08 in. (2 mm).6.2.2 Restrictor PlateA Series 300 stainless steel discwith a diameter of 0.01 to 0.015 in. (0.25 to 0.38 mm) less thanthat of the cylinder in 6.2.1 and with a mass of 1.14 oz/in2(5g/cm2), 60.023 oz/in2(0.1 g/cm2).NOTE 1F
17、or a Series 300 stainless steel, a qualifying restrictor platecan be made from solid bar stock with an O.D. of 1.82 in. (46.2 mm) anda thickness of 0.25 in. (6.5 mm ) (see Fig. 2).6.2.3 Steel rule die with the same width as the diameter ofthe cylinder in 6.2.1, +0.0 0.015 in. (+0 0.38 mm).6.2.4 The
18、following are needed to prepare some test speci-mens:6.2.4.1 A dial caliper with a smallest division of 0.001 in.(0.025 mm),6.2.4.2 Drying oven capable of reaching and maintaining212F (100C),6.2.4.3 A balance accurate to 60.00035 oz (60.01 g),6.2.4.4 Asmall hydraulic press with platens larger than 5
19、 in.(130 mm) square,6.2.4.5 Two nominal 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) thick metal shims atleast 4 in. (100 mm) long to create the needed productthickness in the press,6.2.4.6 Release liner paper, and6.2.4.7 Steel ruler graduated to 0.0156 in. (0.39 mm).6.3 Test Method BWater Displacement Method (See Fig.3):6.3.
20、1 Base, independent of the balance,6.3.2 Steel rule die, 1 in. (25 mm) diameter,6.3.3 Glass beaker, 400-mL smooth wall type,6.3.4 Weight with hook attached,6.3.5 Aluminum tins,6.3.6 Electric hot plate for heating wax,6.3.7 Paraffn wax with Melting Point of 132.8F 134.6F(56C 57C), or equivalent.6.3.8
21、 Distilled Water.7. Hazards7.1 This test method uses equipment, which alters a mate-rials state that may create noxious gases that may be harmful.Care should be taken to provide adequate ventilation for allequipment capable of producing this effect.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Samp
22、les representative of the material shall be ran-domly selected. Record the name, address, manufacturersdesignation, and lot number for the material that was used forthe test sample.NOTE 2When samples are selected by the laboratory or its authorizedrepresentative as part of a quality assurance progra
23、m, the samples shall beduly marked to ensure traceability.NOTE 3Samples may be selected from other sources other than themanufacturers facility. The manufacturer of the samples may not beknown.8.2 The results of this test are only applicable to the specificnominal thickness and density of the materi
24、al sampled andtested.8.3 At least three test specimens shall be used.8.4 Each test specimen shall be a single piece without anyjoints.8.4.1 Exception 1Granular materials.8.4.2 Exception 2Materials that have dimensions that aresmaller than required to create a 2 in. (50 mm) method A or 1in. (25 mm) m
25、ethod B, diameter round test sample shall bejoined together to create the test specimen. The method ofjoining shall be acceptable to the test sponsor and to the testinglaboratory.NOTE 4When joining is required, the method of joining should nothave any significant anticipated effect on the results of
26、 the test. Prepare alltest specimens using the same method for each material.FIG. 1 Test Specimen Holder (Test Method A)E2786 10 (2015)2NOTE 5When comparing results between laboratories or tests, it iscritical that the same preparation and test method is used in all tests.8.5 For preformed materials
27、, cut the samples into disc-shaped test specimens using a die.8.6 For caulk and putty materials:8.6.1 Cut two pieces of release liner paper into nominal 5 in.(125 mm) squares for each test specimen. Place enoughmaterial in the center of one sheet so that when compressed itwill create a nominal 4 in.
28、 (100 mm) square by 0.25 in. (6.4mm) thick sample. Place the other sheet of release liner papersquarely over the top of the first, sandwiching the materialbetween them.8.6.2 Place the metal shims along the outer edges of theplaten press.8.6.3 Place the release liner paper and material sandwichbetwee
29、n and in the center of the platen press.8.6.4 Close the press so that it stops at the metal shims.Leave the release liner paper and material sandwich in thepress for at least 30 s.8.6.5 Remove sample from press.8.6.6 Cure samples in accordance with manufacturers pub-lished instructions.8.6.7 Take th
30、e release liner with material out of the oven andlet it cool to room temperature, then remove the top and bottomlayers of the release liner paper and remove the cured material.8.6.8 Cut the sample into at least three disc-shaped testspecimens using a die.8.7 For granular materials:8.7.1 Pour granule
31、s into a 100 ml graduated cylinder.8.7.2 Tap the graduated cylinder on hard surface 10 times.8.7.3 Read and record the volume of granules in thegraduated cylinder to the nearest millilitre (see 12.1.2.1).8.7.4 Pour material into test specimen holder.8.7.5 Repeat steps 8.7.1 8.7.4 until three test sa
32、mples areprepared for heating.8.8 Each test specimen shall have its own identification ordesignation. All information recorded shall reference thatidentification or designation.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Test TemperaturesPrior to conducting the test, theheating device shall be brought to equilib
33、rium at the requiredtest temperature.9.2 The test specimen holder, used for Test Method A, shallbe cleaned prior to performing each test. Cleaning shallincorporate any process used at the discretion of the laboratorythat will render the apparatus free from any debris or residuefrom previous testing.
34、 The apparatus shall also be fully dryprior to installing test specimens.FIG. 2 Restrictor PlateFIG. 3 Test Method B ApparatusE2786 10 (2015)310. Calibration and Standardization10.1 The temperature in the heating device shall be verifiedusing a thermocouple or thermometer that is accurate to 65F(63C
35、).10.2 The measuring device used to determine expansionshall be accurate to 60.01 in. 6(0.25 mm).10.3 The measuring device used to determine the initialthickness of the samples shall be accurate to 60.001 in.(60.025 mm).11. Conditioning11.1 All test specimens shall be conditioned to equilibriumby we
36、ight in a room or chamber with a temperature of 72F 65F (23 6 3C) at 50 6 5 % RH. Weigh and record the weightof each test specimen once a day until equilibrium is reached.Equilibrium is considered achieved when the weight change isless than 1 % per day. After the samples have reachedequilibrium, the
37、y are to be retrieved and tested within 1 hourafter removal from the conditioning environment.12. ProceedureTEST METHOD A TEST SPECIMEN HOLDERMETHOD12.1 Measure the pre-test sample dimensions:12.1.1 Solid Samples:12.1.1.1 Measure and record each preformed test specimenthickness at five symmetrical p
38、oints as shown in Fig. 4 forthree test specimens. For granular materials, see 12.1.2.12.1.1.2 Measure the thickness as shown in Fig. 4 within60.001 in. (60.025 mm). Record this measurement as Hs(see13.1.1).12.1.2 Granular Samples:12.1.2.1 Use the volume recorded in 8.7.3. Divide thevolume by the cro
39、ss-sectional area of the inside of the testspecimen holder cylinder. Record this value as Hs.NOTE 6For the cylinder dimension discussed in 6.2.1, the insidediameter of commercially available stainless steel tubing is 1.834 in. (46.6mm) and the correlating area is 2.64 in2(17 cm2).12.2 Place test spe
40、cimens into the test specimen holder.Place one sample in the bottom of each cylinder. Each testspecimen shall be laid flat in the bottom of the cylinder. Coverthe test specimen with the Restrictor Plate as described in6.2.2.12.3 Measure the distance from the top edge of the testspecimen holder to th
41、e top of Restrictor Plate. Record thisdistance as Hi.12.4 The specimen holder containing test specimens, asdescribed in 12.2, shall be exposed to a temperature of 1022 65F (550 6 2.7C).12.5 Insert the test specimen holder into the pre-heatedheating device as described in 6.1.12.6 Leave the test spec
42、imen holder in the heating devicefor 30 6 1 min.12.7 Remove the test specimen holder from the heatingdevice and place it in a room or chamber with a temperature of72F 6 5F (23 6 3C) at 50 6 5 % RH.12.8 Allow the test specimen holder to cool to reach thetemperature in the room or chamber.12.9 Measuri
43、ng Expanded Samples:12.9.1 Solid Samples:FIG. 4 Thickness Measuring PointsE2786 10 (2015)412.9.1.1 After cooling, measure and record the minimumand maximum expansion of intumescent materials for each testspecimen to the nearest116 in. (1.6 mm). Measure the distancefrom the top edge of the test speci
44、men holder to the top ofRestrictor Plate. Record this distance as Hf.12.9.1.2 If the expanded sample height, as calculated by (Hf Hi)+Hs, is less than 1.5 in. (38 mm), the test shall bediscarded. Subsequent tests shall be conducted using theminimum number of multiple layers of material at the initia
45、lsample thickness, so that the expanded sample shall have aminimum height of 1.5 in. (38 mm) and a maximum height of4 in. (102 mm).NOTE 7Hfis measured in 12.9.1.1, Hiis measured in 12.3, Hsismeasured in 12.1.1.2 or 12.1.2.1.NOTE 8Discussion: A minimum expansion height is specified so theallowed meas
46、urement tolerance of132 in. (0.8 mm) does not produceexcessive errors in the final result.12.9.1.3 Calculate the expansion factor using the procedureand formulas in 13.1.12.9.2 Granular Samples:12.9.2.1 Pour into a graduated cylinder large enough to holdthe material.12.9.2.2 Record the volume of mat
47、erial to the nearestmillilitre.12.9.2.3 Calculate the expansion factor using the procedureand formulas in Section 13, Test Method B.TEST METHOD B WATER DISPLACEMENTMETHODNOTE 9Some materials may not be appropriate to test using thismethod. For example, a product that loses structure after intumescin
48、g maybe damaged with a paraffin soak, or a sample that the char cannot behandled without breaking.NOTE 10Procedure Test Method B uses Archimedes Principal tomeasure the volume displacement of the initial verses the expandedsample. Refer to Appendix X1 for a more in depth discussion on thisprinciple
49、and how it is applied in this method.12.10 Die cut three 1 in. (25 mm) diameter samples from thematerial to be tested.12.11 Balance Set Up:12.11.1 Place the sample holder (metal frame) on top of thebalance pan (Fig. 2).12.11.2 Place the metal base over the balance. Make sure itis not touching the balance.12.11.3 Place the beaker on the metal frame and fill withwater to approximately 1 in. (25 mm) below the top rim.12.11.4 Tare the balance.12.12 Unexpanded Volume Determination:12.12.1 Tare the balance with the hook and w
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