ASTM E3024 E3024M-2016 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for General Industry《一般工业用磁粉试验的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: E3024/E3024M 16Standard Practice forMagnetic Particle Testing for General Industry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3024/E3024M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements formagnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface orslightly subsur

3、face discontinuities in ferromagnetic material.This standard is intended for industrial applications. Refer toPractice E1444/E1444M for aerospace applications. GuideE709 may be used in conjunction with this practice as atutorial.1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detectcracks, laps,

4、 seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on ornear the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particletesting may be applied to raw material, billets, finished andsemi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magneticparticle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metalsan

5、d alloys such as austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1for additional information.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independent

6、ly of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3.1 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTMstandard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound unitsare included in the same standard, with each system of units tobe regarded separately as

7、 standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re

8、ferenced Documents2.1 The following documents form a part of this standardpractice to the extent specified herein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2E543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1444/E1444M

9、Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingE2297 Guide for Use of UV-AandVisible Light Sources andMeters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic ParticleMethodsE3022 Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteris-tics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used inFluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Parti

10、cle Testing2.3 ASNT Documents:3SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)-AMSDocuments:4,5AMS 2641 M

11、agnetic Particle Inspection VehicleAMS 3040 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Dry MethodAMS 3041 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, WetMethod, Oil Vehicle, Ready-To-UseAMS 3042 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, WetMethod, Dry PowderAMS 3043 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, WetMethod, Oil Veh

12、icle, Aerosol PackagedAMS 3044 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method,Dry PowderAMS 3045 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method,Oil Vehicle, Ready-To-Use1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 onNondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt

13、ee E07.03 onLiquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August, 2016. DOI: 10.1520/E3024_E3024M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan

14、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., W

15、arrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.5Copies of standards, specifications, drawings, and publications required bymanufacturers in connection with specification acquisition should be obtained fromthe contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar

16、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1AMS 3046 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method,Oil Vehicle, Aerosol PackagedAMS 5062 Steel, Low Carbon Bars, Forgings, Tubing,Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.25 Carbon, MaximumAMS I-83387 Inspection Process, Magnetic Rubber

17、AS 4792 Water Conditioning Agents for Aqueous MagneticParticle InspectionAS 5371 Reference Standards Notched Shims for MagneticParticle Inspection2.5 Federal Standards:5,6FED-STD-313 Material Safety Data Sheets, Preparation andthe Submission of2.6 Military Standards:5,7A-A-59230 Fluid, Magnetic Part

18、icle Inspection, Suspension2.7 OSHA Document:5,829 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication2.8 ISO Documents:5,9ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing Qualification and Cer-tification of NDT PersonnelISO 10012 Measurement Management SystemsRequirements for Measurement Processes and MeasuringEquipmentISO 17025 Ge

19、neral Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories2.9 ANSI Documents:5,10ANSI Z540.3 Requirements for the Calibration of Measur-ing and Test Equipment2.10 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the referenced documents citedherein,

20、the text of this practice takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions relating to magnetic par-ticle testing, which appear in Terminology for NondestructiveTest Examination E1316, shall apply to the terms used in thispractice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1

21、 magnetometer, nmechanical instrument used tomeasure magnetic field strength, in air, adjacent to the part.4. Significance and Use4.1 Description of ProcessMagnetic particle testing con-sists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applying suitablyprepared magnetic particles while the area is magne

22、tized, andsubsequently interpreting and evaluating any resulting particleaccumulations. Maximum detectability occurs when the dis-continuity is positioned on the surface and perpendicular to thedirection of magnetic flux in the part.4.2 This practice establishes the basic parameters for con-trolling

23、 the application of the magnetic particle testing method.This practice is written so that it can be specified on theengineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not adetailed how-to procedure to be used by the examinationpersonnel and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailedwritten p

24、rocedure that conforms to the requirements of thispractice.5. General Practice5.1 Personnel QualificationPersonnel performing exami-nations in accordance with this practice shall be qualified andcertified in accordance withASNT Recommended Practice No.SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, ISO 9712,

25、or asspecified in the contract or purchase order.5.2 Agency QualificationIf specified in the contractualagreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated asdescribed in Specification E543. The applicable edition ofSpecification E543 shall be specified in the contractual agree-ment.5.3 Written

26、 ProcedureMagnetic particle testing shall beperformed in accordance with a written procedure applicable tothe part or group of parts under examination. The procedureshall be in accordance with the requirements of this practice.The process, when conducted in accordance with the writtenprocedure, shal

27、l be capable of detecting discontinuities speci-fied in the acceptance criteria. The written procedure may begeneral if it clearly applies to all of the specified parts beingexamined and meets the requirements of this practice. Allwritten procedures, including technique sheets for specificparts, sha

28、ll be approved by an individual qualified and certifiedat Level III for magnetic particle testing in accordance with therequirements of subsection 5.1.5.3.1 Elements of the Written ProcedureThe written pro-cedure shall include at least the following elements, eitherdirectly or by reference to the ap

29、plicable documents:5.3.1.1 Procedure identification number and the date it waswritten;5.3.1.2 Identification of the part(s) to which the procedureapplies; this shall include the material or alloy, or both;5.3.1.3 For new components, sequence of magnetic particletesting as related to manufacturing pr

30、ocess operation (forexample, post-plating, after heat treat, etc.);5.3.1.4 Identification of test parts used for system perfor-mance verification (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2);5.3.1.5 Process controls (see Table 1); including the defini-tion of “use” in subsections 7.3.2.2 and 7.4.4;5.3.1.6 Areas of the par

31、t to be examined and whereappropriate, identified by a photograph, sketch, or relationshipto a drawing, etc., to show the area;5.3.1.7 Part preparation required before examination;5.3.1.8 Directions for positioning the item with respect tothe magnetizing equipment;6Available from U.S. Government Pri

32、nting Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.8Available from U.

33、S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.9Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva,

34、 Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.10Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E3024/E3024M 1625.3.1.9 The type of magnetizing current and the equipmentto be used;5.3.1.10 Method of establishing the magnetization (intern

35、alconductor, head, coil, prods, yoke, cable wrap, etc.);5.3.1.11 Directions of magnetization to be used, the order inwhich they are applied, and any demagnetization procedures tobe used between field applications;5.3.1.12 The current level, or the number of ampere turns, tobe used and the duration o

36、f its application or a procedure forestablishing proper magnetization;5.3.1.13 Type of magnetic particle material (dry or wet,visible or fluorescent, etc.) to be used and the method andequipment to be used for its application and, for the case of wetparticles, the particle concentration limits;5.3.1

37、.14 Type of records and method of marking parts afterexamination;5.3.1.15 Acceptance requirements, to be used for evaluatingindications and disposition of parts after evaluation; and5.3.1.16 Post-examination demagnetization and cleaning re-quirements.5.4 Examination SequencePerform magnetic particle

38、 ex-amination after all operations which might cause or revealdiscontinuities. Such operations include, but are not limited to,forging, heat treating, electroplating, forming, welding,grinding, straightening, machining, and proof loading.5.4.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or partdrawin

39、g, magnetic particle examination shall be performedprior to shot peening and prior to applying protective finishessuch as priming, painting, plating (see 5.4.3 through 5.4.3.2),or other coatings.5.4.2 In-process examinations may not be substituted forfinal examination.5.4.3 Plating and CoatingsThe w

40、ritten procedure shallspecify any limitations or other requirements associated withplating or coatings.5.4.3.1 Use caution when examining parts with an electro-plated nickel coating as indications may form from theresulting leakage fields within the nickel plating itself.5.4.3.2 For in-service exami

41、nation, plating or coatings donot require removal prior to examination unless they aredamaged or they interfere with the examination process.NOTE 1Examination sensitivity decreases as plating/coating thicknessincreases.5.5 Materials:5.5.1 Dry Particle RequirementsDry particles shall meetthe requirem

42、ents of AMS 3040.5.5.2 Wet Particle RequirementsWet particles shall meetthe requirements of AMS 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, or3046, as applicable.5.5.3 Suspension VehiclesThe suspension vehicle for thewet method shall be a light petroleum distillate conforming toAMS 2641 (Type I) or A-A-59230, or

43、a suitably conditionedwater that conforms to the requirements of 5.5.4. Whenapproved by the Level III, AMS 2641 (Type II) may be used.When specified, the oil suspension vehicle shall meet thesalient characteristics specified in A-A-59230.5.5.4 Conditioned Water VehicleWhen water is used as asuspensi

44、on vehicle for magnetic particles, the conditioningagents used shall comply with AS 4792. Proper wetting shallbe determined by a water break test (see 7.2.2). Smoothersurfaces generally require a greater percent of wetting agentthan rough surfaces. Foaming of the bath must be minimized tothe point t

45、hat it does not interfere with the examinationprocess.5.5.4.1 Water Vehicle Conditioning AgentsAny agentsadded to the water vehicle for any purpose shall conform to therequirements of the particle manufacturer.5.5.5 Particle ConcentrationThe concentration of par-ticles in the suspension bath shall b

46、e as specified in the writtenprocedure. Particle concentrations outside of the range of 0.1 to0.4 mL in a 100-mL bath sample for fluorescent particles and1.2 to 2.4 mL in a 100 mL sample for nonfluorescent particlesshall not be used. Fluorescent particles and nonfluorescentparticles shall not be use

47、d together.TABLE 1 Required Verification IntervalsItem Maximum Time Between VerificationAParagraphLightingVisible light intensity Weekly 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.2Ambient visible light intensity Weekly 7.3.1.2UV-A intensity Daily 7.3.2, 7.4.5Battery powered UV-A lamp intensity Before and after each use 7.3.2.

48、2UV-A lamp integrity Weekly 7.3.2System PerformanceBDaily 7.1,7.1.1, 7.1.2Wet particle concentration 8 hours, or every shift change 7.2.1.1Wet particle contaminationB1 week 7.2.1.2Water break test Daily 7.2.2Equipment calibration check:B6 months 7.4.1Timer control 6 months 7.4.2Quick break 6 months

49、7.4.3Yoke dead weight check 6 months 7.4.4Yoke dead weight check (battery-powered) Before and after each use 7.4.4UV-A radiometers and visible light meters 12 months 7.4.7Electronic Gaussmeter accuracy 12 months 7.4.6Magnetometer accuracy 6 months 7.4.6AWhen the test system is in operation.BThe maximum time between verifications may be reduced or extended when substantiated by actual technical/reliability data.E3024/E3024M 1635.6 SafetyThe safe handling of magnetic particles (wet ordry), oil vehicles, water baths, and water conditioner concen-trates are go