1、Designation: E3107 17E3107 17aStandard Test Method forResistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation forBallistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic penetration and to
3、 backface deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torsobody armor and shoot packs.1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot packsmounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.NOTE 1This test method does not apply to b
4、allistic helmets, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of test items.1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers,
5、 purchasers, or other users in order to meet their specificneeds.1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference definingthe ballistic test threats is called the “test threats document.”1.5.2 In this test method, “other stan
6、dards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example,military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users are responsible forthe “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements
7、 that supersede those of this test method.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport t
8、o address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international s
9、tandard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. R
10、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E3004 Specification for Preparation and Verification of Clay Blocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso Body ArmorE3005 Terminology for Body ArmorE3062 Specification for Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges for Small Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballisti
11、c-resistant ItemsE3068 Test Method for Contact Measurement of Backface Deformation in Clay Backing During Body Armor TestingE3086 Practice for Creating Appliques for Use in Testing of Nonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for Females2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Comp
12、etence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.04 onPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved June 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2017. Publish
13、ed June 2017October 2017. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 asE3107 17. DOI: 10.1520/E3107-17.10.1520/E3107-17A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
14、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.This document is not an AS
15、TM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In a
16、ll cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 NIJ Standard:4NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor3
17、. Terminology3.1 For terms not defined in this test method, the following definitions of Terminology E3005 apply: accessories, angle ofincidence, backface deformation, backing assembly, backing material, backing fixture, body armor, complete penetration, fair hit,hard armor, in conjunction with armo
18、r, obliquity, partial penetration, plates,plate, shoot pack, shot-to-edge distance, shot-to-shotdistance, soft body armor, stop, strike face, test item, unfair hit, witness panel, and yaw.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 applique, na three-dimensional item made from backing m
19、aterial that is shaped and sized for testing or conditioning anonplanar test item.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSome appliques are designed for the purpose of filling the entire space behind a nonplanar test item; other appliques are designedto assess features of a nonplanar test item.3.2.2 striking device, nde
20、vice used on a clay block to establish an appropriate, flat surface on the clay backing material withrespect to the backing fixture edges. E30043.2.3 test series, nthe set of all shots necessary to obtain the required number of fair hits on a single test item or the set ofall shots necessary over mu
21、ltiple test items to generate ballistic response data.3.2.4 warmer round, na projectile fired from a receiver or firearm, prior to testing, to warm the test barrel.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method specifies the methods for assessing penetration resistance and backface deformation for ba
22、llistic-resistanttorso soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot packs.4.2 A number of individual test items, each mounted on a clay block, is impacted one at a time with a number of Individualtest items are subjected to ballistic tests with specified test threats. The
23、 type and velocity of the test threats are specified in theatest threats document, and the quantity number of shots and shot pattern are specified in other standards and specifications.orspecifications, or both.5. Significance and Use5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice stan
24、dards and specifications require assessing the penetrationresistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and developmentorganizations, and others assessing the ballistic res
25、istance of body armor or performing research and development of new materials.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, or test methods.6. Test Equipment and Apparatus6.1 Test threats shall be specified in a separate test threats document.6.2 The ball
26、istic test range shall meet the requirements of Specification E3062.6.3 The method of measuring yaw shallmay be with a yaw cards,card, flash radiography, high-speed high speed video, orphotography. Yawphotography and shall be measured by the system to an accuracy of 1.capable of determining, at the
27、point ofmeasurement, whether the angle of yaw was greater or less than 5.6.4 Clay blocks shall be used as backing assemblies behind test items and shall meet the requirements of Specification E3004.6.5 For measuring BFD, the measurement method shall be specified in other standards and specifications
28、.6.5 Measurement of BFD may be performed using contact or non-contact measurement instruments, and other standards andspecifications will specify which method to use.6.5.1 When the contact method for BFD measurement is used, the equipment shall be as specified in Test Method E3068.7. Hazards7.1 The
29、ballistic tests described in this test method have inherent hazards.Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shallbe employed when conducting these tests.4 Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washington, DC 20531, http:/nij.gov.E3107 17a28. Sampling and Test It
30、ems8.1 The test items shall be individual soft armor panels, hard armor plates, in conjunction with systems, or shoot packs.8.2 Test item details, including quantity, size, and conditioning, shall be specified in other standards and specifications.NOTE 2The supplier is responsible for providing a su
31、fficient number of test items to accomplish the required testing. It is recommended that sparetest items be provided.8.3 When the use of a spare test item is required, details about selecting the appropriate spare item shall be specified in otherstandards and specifications.9. Test Requirements9.1 T
32、he intended angle of incidence, obliquity, or other shot direction details, if any, for all shots shall be specified in otherstandards and specifications.NOTE 3Typical angles of incidence are 0, 30, and 45, with most testing at angles an angle of incidence beingof 0.9.2 When warmer rounds are necess
33、ary, a number of test threats shall be fired through the projectile firing system.NOTE 4Examples of when warmer rounds may be necessary include, but are not limited to, at the start of a new day of testing and uponreconfiguration of the test range.9.3 Unless specified elsewhere, each ballistic impac
34、t shall meet the requirements listed below to be considered a fair hit. SeeAnnex A1 for flowchart showing the decision logic for determination of fair hit.9.3.1 The test threat shall impact the test item at an angle of incidence or obliquity within 5 from the intended angle.9.3.2 The test threat sha
35、ll have yaw verified to be 5 using a yaw card, flash radiography, high speed video, or photography.Yaw shall be checked for every test threat shot.9.3.2.1 The yaw measurement equipment shall be positioned perpendicular to the projectile line of flight. The yaw measurementequipment shall be securely
36、mounted and anchored to maintain its required position and alignment.9.3.2.2 When photographic means are used to assess the projectile yaw angle, the measurementassessment shall be made asclose as practical to the strike face of the test item but not more than 305 mm (12 in.) from the front of the s
37、trike face.9.3.2.3 When yaw cards are used to assess the projectile yaw angle, unless specified elsewhere, the cards shall be positionedbetween 51 and 305 mm (2 and 12 in.) from the front of the strike face of the test item.9.3.3 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer to the edge of th
38、e test item than the minimum shot-to-edge distance.The measurement for shot-to-edge distance shall be taken from the center of the projectile impact to the nearest edge of the ballisticmaterial in the test item. When not specified elsewhere, the minimum shot-to-edge distance shall be 51 mm (2 in.).N
39、OTE 5Procedures for determining the edge of the test item should be specified in other standards or specifications.9.3.4 For intended edge shots, the test threat shall impact the test item no further from the edge than the maximum shot-to-edgedistance.9.3.5 The test threat shall impact the test item
40、 no closer to a prior impact than the minimum shot-to-shot distance. Themeasurement for shot-to-shot distance shall be taken from the center of one projectile impact to the center of another. When theminimum shot-to-shot distance is not specified, the minimum shot-to-shot distance shall be 51 mm (2
41、in.).NOTE 6When assessing whether a particular impact location meets the minimum shot-to-shot distance requirements, the shot-to-shot distances shouldbe measured from that impact location to all prior impact locations.9.3.6 For grouped shots, the test threat impacts shall be within the specified spa
42、cing or pattern.9.3.7 The test threat shall impact the clay block no closer than 106 mm (4.2 in.) from the inside edge of the clay block frame.9.3.8 The test threat velocity shall conform to the requirements given in the test threats document. If no specification is given,the test threat velocity sh
43、all be within 69.1 m/s (630 ft/s) of the required velocity.9.3.9 The velocity difference requirements of Specification E3062 shall apply.9.3.10 The method for determination of Details for specifying a shot outcome as a complete penetration or a partial penetrationshall be specified in other standard
44、s and specifications.10. Mounting and Positioning of Soft Armor Test Items on a Clay Block10.1 The testing of nonplanar soft armor test items intended for females requires the use of appliques as specified in PracticeE3086, unless specified elsewhere.NOTE 7Appliques that may be needed for testing no
45、nplanar soft armor test items other than those intended for females shall be specified in otherstandards and specifications. Testing of planar soft armor test items does not require the use of appliques.10.2 The test item shall be positioned on a clay block such that the entire test item is supporte
46、d. When the test item exceedsthe size of the clay block, install backing fixture extensions coplanar with the backing material surface to allow the test item tobe fully supported.E3107 17a310.3 The test item, and its applique(s) for nonplanar test items, shall be held in contact with the clay block
47、and secured usingapproximately 50 mm (2.0 in.) wide elastic straps, held closed by hook-and-loop fasteners. Two Unless specified elsewhere, twovertical and three horizontal straps shall be positioned such that they do not interfere with the impact points on the test item. Fig.1 shows examples of str
48、apping arrangements.10.4 The clay block shall be positioned to achieve proper bullet impact location and angle (for example, angle of incidence,obliquity) of the test threat. For any shots requiring a nonzero angle of incidence, the clay block shall be rotated to achieve theappropriate angle.10.5 Be
49、tween test threat impacts, the test item shall be manipulated by hand so that any wrinkles or bunching in the test item(caused by a previous shot) are smoothed out. No effort shall be made to recover any bullets trapped in the test item until the testseries is complete.NOTE 8Manipulation of a bullet is allowed if the bullet will interfere with subsequent shots. The test item may be removed if necessary to smoothit out.10.5.1 The test item shall be repositioned on the backing material such that the test item is supported by smooth backingmaterial for a di
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