1、Designation: E3110 18Standard Test Method forCollection of Ballistic Limit Data for Ballistic-resistant TorsoBody Armor and Shoot Packs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method addresses the collection of ballisticlimit data for ballistic-resistant torso
3、 body armor and shootpacks.1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft bodyarmor, hard armor plates, and shoot packs. This test methoddoes not apply to ballistic helmets.1.3 This test method describes procedures for collectingdata and does not specify computation or performance criteriafor
4、the ballistic limit. Instructions for computation and perfor-mance criteria are specified in other standards and specifica-tions.1.4 Several commonly used test item mounting proceduresand ballistic limit procedures are included in this test method;certifiers, purchasers, and other users will specify
5、 the proce-dures to be used.1.5 This test method does not address conditioning of testitems.1.6 It is anticipated that this test method will be referencedby certifiers, purchasers, or other users to meet their specificneeds.1.6.1 Certifier, purchasers, and other users will specify anddescribe the ba
6、llistic test threats to be used. Within this testmethod, the reference will be called the “test threats docu-ment.”1.6.2 Certifiers, purchasers, and other users will providespecific instructions for the determination of complete penetra-tions or partial penetrations.1.6.3 In this test method, “other
7、 standards and specifica-tions” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (forexample, military standards, purchase specifications) that re-quire the use of this test method. Certifiers, purchasers, andother users are responsible for the “other standards andspecifications” and for specifyi
8、ng any requirements that super-sede those of this test method.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standar
9、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This intern
10、ational standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Co
11、mmittee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B209/B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateE3004 Specification for Preparation and Verification of ClayBlocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso BodyArmorE3005 Terminology for Body ArmorE3062 Specification for
12、 Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges forSmall Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballistic-resistant ItemsE3086 Practice for Creating Appliques for Use in Testing ofNonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for Females2.2 U.S. Army Research Laboratory:ARL-TN-437 LangMod Users Manual32.3 Department of Defense Stand
13、ards:4MIL-STD-662F V50Ballistic Test for Armor1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018.
14、 DOI: 10.1520/E3110-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Army Research Lab
15、oratory, 2800 Powder Mill Rd.,Adelphi, MD 20783-1138, https:/www.arl.army.mil.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
16、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Tr
17、ade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.4 Department of Justice Standards:NIJ Standard0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Personal BodyArmor52.5 ISO Standards:6ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration Laboratories3. Terminology3.1 For terms
18、not defined in this test method, the followingdefinitions of Terminology E3005 apply: angle of incidence,backing assembly, backing material, backing fixture, bodyarmor, complete penetration, fair hit, hard armor, obliquity,partial penetration, plates, shoot pack, shot-to-edge distance,shot-to-shot d
19、istance, soft body armor, stop, strike face, testitem, unfair hit, Vx,V50, and yaw.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 angle of incidence, nthe angle between the testthreat line of aim and the line normal to a reference plane basedon the front surface of the backing assembly or
20、witness panel.adapted from Terminology E30053.2.2 appliquea three-dimensional item molded frombacking material that is shaped and sized for testing orconditioning a nonplanar test item.3.2.2.1 DiscussionSome appliques are designed for thepurpose of filling the entire space behind a nonplanar test it
21、em;other appliques are designed to assess features of a nonplanartest item (Practice E3086).3.2.3 ballistic limit, na measure of an items ballisticresistance to complete penetration expressed as a velocityassociated with some probability of perforation.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe item may be a test item,
22、material,shoot pack, body armor, or other ballistic-resistant product.3.2.4 gate, nthe lower and upper test threat velocitylimits.3.2.5 test series, nthe set of all shots necessary to obtainthe required number of fair hits on a single test item or the setof all shots necessary over multiple test ite
23、ms to generate therequired data.3.2.6 warmer round, na projectile fired from a receiver orfirearm, prior to testing, to warm the test barrel.3.2.7 zone of mixed results (ZMR), nduring V50ballistictesting, the range of velocities between the highest partialpenetration and lowest complete penetration
24、when the partialpenetration velocity is higher than the complete penetrationvelocity.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method specifies multiple methods for ballisticlimit testing, which are designed to estimate the penetrationresistance of soft body armor, hard armor, or shoot packs.4.2 The te
25、st method also specifies multiple methods formounting test items. A test item is either mounted on a backingassembly with clay backing material or mounted in a framewith a separate witness panel.4.3 Projectiles are fired at the test item starting at a specifiedvelocity, with subsequent projectiles i
26、ncrementally increasingor decreasing in velocity based on each shot outcome (com-plete penetration or partial penetration). This information issubsequently used to calculate the ballistic limit.5. Significance and Use5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department ofJustice standards require ball
27、istic limit determination for as-sessing the performance of ballistic-resistant body armor.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector andgovernment laboratories, manufacturers, research and develop-ment organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistanceof body armor or performing r
28、esearch and development of newmaterials.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by otherstandards, specifications, and test methods.6. Test Equipment and Apparatus6.1 Test threats shall be specified in a separate test threatsdocument.6.2 The ballistic test range shall meet the require
29、ments ofSpecification E3062.6.2.1 The method for measuring yaw may be with a yawcard, flash radiography, high speed video, or photography.6.3 When clay blocks are required to be used as backingassemblies behind test items, they shall meet the requirementsof Specification E3004.6.4 For test procedure
30、s requiring the test item to be mountedin a frame, the frame shall consist of two layers of metalbetween which the test item is secured.6.4.1 The frame shall be of sufficient size to allow restraintof the test item during ballistic impact. The frame, supports,clamps, and mounting fixtures shall be c
31、apable of securelyretaining the test item and withstanding shock resulting fromballistic impact by the test projectiles.6.4.2 Additional frame details, such as frame size andclamping force, are provided in other standards and specifica-tions.6.5 When required by some test procedures, a witness panel
32、shall be used to determine whether a complete penetration hasoccurred.6.5.1 The witness panel shall be at least 305 by 305 mm (12by 12 in.).5Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washington,DC 20531, http:/nij.gov.6Available from International Organization for Standard
33、ization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.E3110 182NOTE 1The witness panel may be larger to allow for impact by allfragments resulting from projectile penetration.6.5.2 For opaque test items, the witness panel
34、shall be a 0.506 0.08 mm (0.020 6 0.003 in.) thick sheet of 2024-T3,2024-T4, or 5052 aluminum alloy.77. Hazards7.1 The ballistic tests described in this test method haveinherent hazards. Adequate safeguards for personnel and prop-erty shall be employed when conducting these tests.8. Sampling and Tes
35、t Items8.1 The test items shall be individual soft armor panels, hardarmor plates, or shoot packs.8.2 Test item details, including quantity, size, andconditioning, shall be specified in other standards and specifi-cations.NOTE 2It is recommended that spare test items be provided.9. Test Requirements
36、9.1 Unless otherwise specified, each ballistic impact shallmeet the requirements listed below to be considered a fair hit.9.1.1 The test threat shall impact the test item at an angle5 from the intended angle.9.1.2 The test threat shall have yaw verified to be 3 forrifle threats or 5 for fragment and
37、 handgun threats. Yaw shallbe checked for every test threat shot.9.1.2.1 The yaw measurement equipment shall be posi-tioned perpendicular to the projectile line of flight. The yawmeasurement equipment shall be securely mounted and an-chored to maintain its required position and alignment.9.1.2.2 Whe
38、n photographic means are used to assess theprojectile yaw angle, the assessment shall be made as close aspractical to the strike face of the test item but not more than305 mm (12 in.) from the front of the strike face.9.1.2.3 When yaw cards are used to assess the projectileyaw angle, unless specifie
39、d elsewhere, the cards shall bepositioned between 51 and 305 mm (2 and 12 in.) from thefront of the strike face of the test item.9.1.3 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer tothe edge of the test item than the minimum shot-to-edgedistance. The measurement for shot-to-edge distance sha
40、ll betaken from the center of the projectile impact to the nearestedge of the ballistic material in the test item. Other standardsand specifications shall specify the minimum shot-to-edgedistance.NOTE 3Procedures for determining the edge of the test item should bespecified in other standards or spec
41、ifications.9.1.4 For intended edge shots, the test threat shall impact thetest item no further from the edge than the maximum shot-to-edge distance.9.1.5 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer to aprior impact than the minimum shot-to-shot distance. Themeasurement for shot-to-shot dist
42、ance shall be taken from thecenter of one projectile impact to the center of another. Whenthe minimum shot-to-shot distance is not specified elsewhere,the minimum shot-to-shot distance shall be 51 mm (2 in.).NOTE 4For test items designed to defeat a single shot only, theminimum shot-to-shot distance
43、s discussed in this test method do notapply.9.1.6 When assessing whether a particular impact locationmeets the minimum shot-to-shot distance requirements, theshot-to-shot distances should be measured from that impactlocation to all prior impact locations.9.2 When warmer rounds are necessary, a test
44、threat shall befired through the projectile firing system to determine the exactpoint of impact.Additional test threats shall be fired as requireduntil the proper alignment and a stable velocity have beenachieved.10. Mounting and Positioning of Soft Armor Test Itemson a Clay Block10.1 The test item
45、shall be positioned on a clay block suchthat the entire test item is supported. When the test itemexceeds the size of the clay block, backing fixture extensionsshall be installed coplanar with the backing material surface toallow the test item to be fully supported.10.1.1 Appliques needed for testin
46、g nonplanar soft armortest items shall be specified in other standards and specifica-tions as necessary.10.2 The test item shall be held in contact with the clayblock (and appliques if present) and secured using approxi-mately 51 to 76 mm (2 to 3 in.) wide elastic straps, held closedby hook-and-loop
47、 fasteners. Unless otherwise specified, twovertical and three horizontal straps shall be positioned such thatthey do not interfere with the impact points on the test item.Fig. 1 shows examples of strapping arrangements.10.3 The clay block shall be positioned to achieve properprojectile impact locati
48、on and angle (for example, angle ofincidence, obliquity) of the test threat. For any shots requiringa nonzero angle of incidence, the clay block shall be rotated toachieve the appropriate angle.10.4 Between test threat impacts, the test item shall bemanipulated by hand so that any wrinkles or bunchi
49、ng in thetest item (caused by a previous shot) are smoothed out.10.4.1 No effort shall be made to recover any projectilestrapped in the test item until the test series is complete.NOTE 5Slight manipulation of a projectile is allowed if the projectilewill interfere with subsequent shots.10.4.2 The test item shall be repositioned on the backingmaterial such that the test item is supported by smooth backingmaterial for a distance of no less than 76 mm (3 in.) in alldirections around the next shot location.10.4.3 Instructions related to striking the backing mate
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