1、Designation: E3112 17Standard Test Method forBallistic-resistant Products and Shoot Packs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method assesses resistance to complete pen-etration by projectiles and applies to ballistic-resistant productsor shoot packs, eith
3、er flexible or rigid, that are intended toprovide protection against projectiles from small arms.2Thistest method does not assess blunt impact resistance.1.2 This test method does not apply to body armor, armorpanels, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, materials, or otheritems intended to be worn
4、 or located against the body to limitblunt trauma.1.3 This test method applies only to products related tohomeland security and public safety.1.4 This test method is not intended to address architecturalproducts covered by Test Method F1233, such as buildingmaterials and security glazing.1.5 This te
5、st method is applicable to products or shoot packsthat are constructed with identical layups of ballistic materialsover the entire product or shoot pack. The product or shootpack may have stitching, seams, or other joints.NOTE 1For example, this test method is applicable for evaluating aballistic-re
6、sistant blanket constructed from multiple sheets of differentmaterials laminated together; however, this test method is not applicablefor evaluating a ballistic-resistant shield that has a discontinuity at theinterface between opaque and transparent component materials.1.6 The test method does not s
7、pecify performance criteria orusage of the test results.1.7 It is anticipated that this test method will be referencedby certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet theirspecific needs.1.7.1 In this test method, “other standards and specifica-tions” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer
8、 to documents (forexample, military standards, purchase specifications) that re-quire the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users areresponsible for the “other standards and specifications” and forspecifying any requirements that supersede those of this testmethod.1.7.2 Purchasers and ot
9、her users will specify the ballistictest threats, and the associated velocities, to be used.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not consid
10、ered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitation
11、s prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
12、nicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B211/B211M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and WireB221/B221M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesE3005 Terminolog
13、y for Body ArmorE3062 Specification for Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges forSmall Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballistic-resistant ItemsE3078 Practice for Conditioning of Hard Armor Test ItemsE3107 Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Back-face Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Bod
14、yArmorand Shoot PacksF1233 Test Method for Security Glazing Materials AndSystems1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved De
15、c. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E3112-17.2Small arms are defined as portable firearms, typically including handguns,shotguns, rifles, and light machine guns (Terminology E3005).3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
16、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordanc
17、e with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 Other Documents:AATCC TM 169 Wea
18、ther Resistance of Textiles: XenonLamp Exposure4ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration Laboratories5MIL-STD-810G Test Method Standard for EnvironmentalEngineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests6ANSI/SAAMI Z299.1 Voluntary Industry PerformanceStandards fo
19、r Pressure and Velocity of Rimfire SportingAmmunition for the Use of Commercial Manufacturers7ANSI/SAAMI Z299.2 Voluntary Industry PerformanceStandards for Pressure and Velocity of Shotshell Ammu-nition for the Use of Commercial Manufacturers7ANSI/SAAMI Z299.3 Voluntary Industry PerformanceStandards
20、 for Pressure and Velocity of Centerfire Pistoland Revolver Ammunition for the Use of CommercialManufacturers7ANSI/SAAMI Z299.4 Voluntary Industry PerformanceStandards for Pressure and Velocity of Rifle SportingAmmunition for the Use of Commercial Manufacturers73. Terminology3.1 For terms not define
21、d in this test method, the followingdefinitions apply:3.1.1 From Terminology E3005: armor panel, blunt impactresistance, body armor, cartridge, complete penetration, fairhit, insert, obliquity, partial penetration, projectile, shot-to-edge distance, shot-to-shot distance, shoot packs, small arms,sto
22、p, strike face, test item, test threat, trauma pack, traumaplate, unfair hit, witness panel, and yaw.3.1.2 From Specification E3062: test item mounting system,test stand, and universal receiver.3.1.3 From Practice E3078: controlled ambient.3.1.4 From Test Method E3107: warmer rounds.3.2 Definitions
23、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 shoot pack, na test item prepared with materials, orwith materials and construction features, utilized in ballistic-resistant products, but not intended to be used as a ballistic-resistant product. (Adapted from Terminology E3005.)4. Summary of Test Method4.1
24、 The ballistic resistance of a product or shoot pack isdetermined by firing a series of test threats at each of a set oftest items and assessing the number of partial penetrations andcomplete penetrations.4.2 The performance requirements and test threats shall bespecified in other standards and spec
25、ifications.NOTE 2The performance requirements may be defined in terms ofeither: (1) The number of required fair hit impacts and the allowablenumber of complete penetrations, (2) The minimal acceptable calculatedprobability of a single impact being stopped and a correspondingconfidence level. In this
26、 case, a minimum number of required fair hits mayalso be set, or (3) A combination of the above.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test method is intended to determine the resistanceto penetration of a ballistic-resistant product or shoot pack tospecified projectiles impacting at specified velocities. N
27、o otherproperties of the ballistic-resistant product or shoot pack areevaluated by this test method.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector andgovernment laboratories, manufacturers, research and develop-ment organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistanceof products or shoot
28、 packs or performing research and devel-opment of new products.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by otherstandards, specifications, or test methods.6. Test Equipment and Apparatus6.1 Test threats, and the associated velocities, shall bespecified in other standards and specificat
29、ions.6.2 The ballistic test range shall meet the requirements ofSpecification E3062.6.3 The test item fixture, including position and attitudeadjustments, shall be specified in other standards and specifi-cations.6.3.1 When not specified elsewhere, the test item mountingsystem shall be a frame as de
30、scribed below:6.3.1.1 The frame shall consist of two layers of metalbetween which the test item is secured.6.3.1.2 The frame shall be of sufficient size to restrain thetest item during ballistic impact.6.3.1.3 The frame, supports, clamps, and mounting fixturesshall be capable of securely retaining t
31、he test item andwithstanding shock resulting from ballistic impact by the testprojectiles. At a minimum, the clamps holding the test item inthe frame shall be positioned in the center of each side of theframe or at the four corners of the frame.6.4 The method for measuring projectile yaw may be with
32、yaw cards, flash radiography, high speed video, or photographyand shall be capable of determining, at the point ofmeasurement, whether the angle of yaw is greater or less than5.6.5 A witness panel shall be used to determine whether acomplete penetration has occurred.6.5.1 The witness panel outer dim
33、ensions shall be at least305 mm by 305 mm (12 in. by 12 in.). The height and width ofthe witness panel may be increased in order to allow for impactby all fragments resulting from projectile penetration.6.5.2 For opaque test items, the witness panel shall be asheet of 2024-T3, 2024-T4, or 5052 alumi
34、num alloy8and shallbe nominally 0.50 mm (0.020 in.) thick.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secreta
35、riat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.7Available from Sporting Arms and Ammunition Man
36、ufacturers Institute,Flintlock Ridge Office Center, 11 Mile Hill Rd., Newtown, CT 06470-2359,www.saami.org.8Specifications B211/B211M and B221/B221M contain information related toaluminum alloys.E3112 1726.5.3 For transparent test items, the witness panel shall be a0.0254 mm (0.001 in.) thick sheet
37、of aluminum foil.7. Hazards7.1 The ballistic tests described in this test method haveinherent hazards. Adequate safeguards for personnel and prop-erty shall be employed when conducting these tests.8. Sampling and Test Items8.1 Test item details (including quantity, size, and requiredconditioning) sh
38、all be specified in other standards and specifi-cations.NOTE 3A sufficient number of test items is required for testing, basedon the conditioning requirements, anticipated total number of projectileimpacts, and the number of projectile impacts that may be placed on eachtest item.8.2 The supplier is
39、responsible for providing the number oftest items to accomplish the required testing. It is recom-mended that spare test items be provided.8.2.1 When the use of a spare test item is required, detailsabout selecting the appropriate spare test item shall be specifiedin other standards and specificatio
40、ns.8.2.2 When not specified elsewhere and when the test itemis either a shoot pack or a coupon representing a portion of thefinished product, the size of each test item shall be at least 305mm by 305 mm (12 in. by 12 in.).NOTE 4It is recommended that each test item that represents a productbe the ty
41、pical size and shape of that product.9. Conditioning Procedures9.1 This section describes conditioning procedures that maybe applicable for ballistic-resistant products or shoot packs.9.2 A thorough visual examination of each test item prior toand after the exposures shall be done to document any ch
42、angein physical appearance resulting from the exposure.9.3 Temperature Conditioning:9.3.1 Place the test items into an environmental chamberpreset to the initial conditions of Step 1 in Table 1.9.3.1.1 For some products, not all steps in Table 1 arerequired. In those cases, other specifications will
43、 state therequired steps.9.3.2 Subject the test items to the conditions in Table 1.Each step transition shall take place and stabilize in less than30 minutes.NOTE 5Exposure time includes the stabilization time.9.3.3 Upon completion of the exposure protocol in Table 1,return the test items in the cha
44、mber to the initial conditions ofStep 1 in Table 1.9.3.4 Remove the test items from the environmental cham-ber.9.3.5 Perform a thorough visual examination of each testitem and document any change in physical appearance result-ing from exposure.9.4 Temperature Extremes Conditioning:9.4.1 Tests shall
45、be performed in accordance with constanttemperature exposure procedures of MIL-STD-810G, Method501.5, Procedure I (high temperature) and Method 502.5,Procedure I (low temperature).9.4.2 One set of test items shall be subjected to hightemperature, and another set shall be subjected to low tempera-tur
46、e. Ramping of temperature is prohibited.9.4.2.1 The starting temperature shall be controlled ambi-ent.9.4.2.2 One set of test items shall be heated in a chamberoperating at 71.1C 6 3C (155F 6 5F) for a minimum of 6h, not to exceed 7 h.9.4.2.3 One set of test items shall be cooled in a chamberoperati
47、ng at 51.1C 6 3C (60F 6 5F) for a minimum of6 h, not to exceed 7 h.9.5 Weathering Conditioning:9.5.1 Weathering of test items shall be performed in accor-dance with AATCC Test Method 169 with the modificationslisted below:(1) The test apparatus shall be equipped with an automaticlight monitor and sh
48、all be capable of automatically controllingirradiance, temperature, and humidity.(2) The test items shall be positioned strike face toward thelight source.(3) The weathering cycle shall be a total of 180 minutes,consisting of the following in order: 40 minutes of light, 20minutes of light with water
49、 spray on the test item, 60 minutesof light, and 60 minutes of darkness. The cycle shall berepeated until the total energy exposure is equal to 100 kJ/m2,and the weathering cycle shall be terminated at that point.(4) The spectral irradiance level shall be 0.55 6 0.01W/m2/nm bandpass at 340 nm.(5) The temperatures and RH shall be as specified in Table2.9.5.2 After the required exposure period, the test items shallbe removed from the apparatus.TABLE 1 Exposure ConditionsSteps Time (hours)(5 minutes)Temperature(C)(2C (3.6F)RelativeHumidity (%)(5 %)1 2 25C (
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