ASTM E3133-2018 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Floor Impact Sound Radiation Using the Tapping Machine.pdf

1、Designation: E3133 18Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Floor Impact Sound RadiationUsing the Tapping Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is used to evaluate the impact sound radiation in the source room of various floorstruct

3、ures in a controlled laboratory environment. The method is similar to that used in Test MethodE492, and provided that the Test Method E492 laboratory facilitys source room meets the roomrequirements of this test method, this test can be performed simultaneously with the Test Method E492test. This te

4、st method does not require a separate receive room as the measurements are made in theroom that also contains the impact noise source. It is anticipated that a different standard will bedeveloped in the future to enable field measurement of floor impact sound radiation. Other relatedstandards includ

5、e field measurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies(Test Method E1007) and laboratory measurement of the effectiveness of floor coverings in reducingimpact sound transmission through concrete floors (Test Method E2179).1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory

6、measurement ofimpact sound radiation from floor structures using a standard-ized tapping machine. While the finished floor surface isusually the primary factor, it must be noted that the floorstructure below the finished floor also plays a major role in thelevel of noise generated in the source room

7、 by impacts to thefloor surface. As a result, the report must include a fulldescription of the complete floor structure and its support (forexample, perimeter support only, multiple point supports, orfull continuous support like a slab on grade). It is assumed thatthe impact sound generated by the t

8、apping machine in the testroom is a good approximation to a diffuse sound field.1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor structures ofall kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspendedceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfacedwith any type of floor-surfacing or floor

9、-covering materials.1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure forreporting laboratory test data in both one-third-octave-bandand overall A-weighted sound power levels generated by thetapping machine impacts on the floor structure (test specimen).1.4 Laboratory AccreditationThe requirements

10、 for ac-crediting a laboratory for performing this test method are givenin Annex A2.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated

11、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognize

12、d principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C423 Test Method for Soun

13、dAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodC634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcoustics1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE33.10

14、 on Structural Acoustics and Vibration.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E3133-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe

15、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establish

16、ed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions andEleme

17、ntsE492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of ImpactSound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling AssembliesUsing the Tapping MachineE1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of TappingMachine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support StructuresE2179 Test Method

18、for Laboratory Measurement of theEffectiveness of Floor Coverings in Reducing ImpactSound Transmission Through Concrete FloorsE2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates forUse in Sound Insulation Test MethodsE3091 Specification for Systems to Measure Sound Levels2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI S1.1

19、0 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory StandardPressure MicrophonesANSI S1.11 Electroacoustics Octave-band and Fractional-octave-band filtersANSI S1.40 Specifications and Verification Procedures forSound CalibratorsANSI S12.51 AcousticsDetermination of sound powerlevels of noise sources using sound pr

20、essurePrecisionmethods for reverberation test rooms2.3 IEC Standards:4IEC 60942 ElectroacousticsSound Calibrators2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 140/6 AcousticsMeasurement of sound insulation inbuildings and of building elements Part 6: Laboratorymeasurements of impact sound insulation of floorsISO 3741 Dete

21、rmination of sound power levels of noisesources using sound pressurePrecision methods forreverberation test roomsISO 6926 AcousticsRequirements for the performanceand calibration of reference sound sources used for thedetermination of sound power levels3. Terminology3.1 The following terms used in t

22、his test method havespecific meanings that are defined in Terminology C634:airborne soundaverage sound pressure levelbackground noisedecay rateDecibeldiffuse sound fieldimpact insulation classone-third-octave-bandreceiving roomreverberant sound fieldreverberation roomsound absorptionsound pressure l

23、evel4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A standard tapping machine is placed in operation on afloor structure, which can represent a horizontal separationbetween two rooms, a floor structure elevated above grade, ora floor structure on grade. The average spectrum of the soundpressure levels generated by th

24、e tapping machine impacting onthe floor structure is measured in the reverberant field of thetest room (that contains the tapping machine) in one-third-octave-bands.4.2 The measured space and time average sound pressurelevels are then used to calculate the radiated sound powerlevels using either the

25、 direct or comparison method as specifiedin ANSI S12.51.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard provides a method to measure the level ofsound power generated in a room by impacts on a given floorsurface within the same room. The test results could be used tocompare the relative sound power of tapp

26、ing machine impactnoise on various finished floor surfaces. The resulting datacould be used for comparing relative levels of unwanted noisefrom footfalls and objects accidentally dropped on the floor.5.2 The spectrum and level of the sound power produced byfloor impacts is determined by:5.2.1 The me

27、chanical properties of the floor structure, suchas its size, construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints,stiffness, or internal damping,5.2.2 The measured acoustical characteristics of the testroom,5.2.3 The location of the object or device producing theimpacts, and5.2.4 The nature of the imp

28、act.5.3 This test method is based on the use of a standardtapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specificpositions on the floor. This machine produces a continuousseries of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor andgenerates broadband sound pressure levels that are suffici

29、entlyhigh to make measurements possible with most floor typeseven in the presence of background noise. The tapping ma-chine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one typeof impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.5.4 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine doesnot

30、 simulate the weight of a human walker. The degree ofcorrelation between the results of tapping machine tests in thelaboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typicalconditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. Thecorrelation will depend on both the type of floor construction

31、and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.5.5 This test method is not intended for field tests.6. Test Room6.1 The test facility shall be a reverberant room meeting therequirements of ANSI S12.51 (Annex C).3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th

32、 Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BI

33、BC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.E3133 1826.2 Volume of Test RoomThe recommended minimumvolume of the test room is 200 m3. Smaller test rooms may beused, provided that all measurement microphone locations arefar enough from the source to be i

34、n the reverberant field of theroom while still meeting the room boundary clearances (seeANSI S12.51, Section 8.3).NOTE 1See ANSI S12.51 (Annex E) for if room volume is less than200 m3.6.3 Room AbsorptionThe sound absorption in the testroom should be low to achieve the best possible simulation ofthe

35、ideal diffuse field condition, and to minimize the regiondominated by the direct field of the test specimen. In thefrequency range that extends from f = 2000/V1/3to 2000 Hz,the absorption in the receiving room (as furnished withdiffusers) shall be no greater than:A 5 V233 (1)where:V = the room volum

36、e, m3, andA = the sound absorption of the room, m2.6.3.1 For frequencies below f = 2000/V1/3, somewhat higherabsorption may be desirable to accommodate requirements ofother test methods (for example, ISO 3741); in any case, theabsorption should be no greater than three times the valuegiven by Eq 1.N

37、OTE 2For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmospheric absorption maymake it impossible to avoid a slightly higher value than that given in Eq1.6.4 During the sound pressure level and sound absorptionmeasurements in the test room, the average temperature shallbe in the range 22 6 5C and the average relativ

38、e humidityshall be at least 30 %.6.5 During the sound pressure level and the correspondingsound absorption measurements, variations in temperature andhumidity in the test room shall not exceed 3C and 3 % relativehumidity, respectively. Temperature and humidity shall bemeasured and recorded as often

39、as necessary to ensure com-pliance.6.5.1 If a relative humidity of at least 30 % cannot bemaintained in the test room, users of the test method shallverify by calculation that changes in sound power levels due tochanges in temperature and humidity do not exceed 0.5 dB.NOTE 3Procedures for calculatin

40、g air absorption are described in TestMethod C423.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimen shall be prepared and described in thetest report in accordance with Annex A1 of Test Method E90.7.2 Size and MountingThe test specimen shall have aminimum lateral dimension of 2.4 m. An area of at least 10 m2is

41、 recommended. The test specimen shall include all of theessential constructional elements and surfacing materials nor-mally found in an actual installation. Some elements may haveto be reduced in size to fit each laboratorys test opening.7.3 Floor-surfacing materials, such as vinyl, carpets andpads,

42、 especially when installed with adhesive, significantlyaffect the response of the test specimen to impacts, both duringtest and in normal use. Consequently, such materials shall bedeemed parts of the test specimen. The materials and themanner of installing them shall be fully described in the testre

43、port. The floor-surfacing material shall cover the whole testspecimen, not merely the portion under the tapping machine.8. Tapping Machine8.1 This test method is based on the use of a standardtapping machine that conforms to the following specifications:8.1.1 The tapping machine shall be motor-drive

44、n.8.1.2 The tapping machine shall have five hammers equallyspaced in a line. The distance between centerlines of neigh-boring hammers shall be 100 6 3 mm.8.1.3 Each hammer shall have an effective mass of 500 6 6g and shall fall freely from a height of 40 6 3 mm.8.1.4 The falling direction of the ham

45、mers shall be perpen-dicular to the test surface to within 60.5.8.1.5 The part of the hammer carrying the impact surfaceshall be cylindrical with a diameter of 30 6 0.2 mm.8.1.6 The impact surface shall be of hardened steel and shallbe approximately spherical with a curvature radius of 500 6100 mm.N

46、OTE 4The mean curvature radius for each hammer face may bedetermined using a spherometer or other means.8.1.7 The time between successive impacts shall be 100 620 ms.8.1.8 Since friction in the hammer guidance system canreduce the velocity of the hammer at impact, the tappingmachine shall be checked

47、 for friction between the hammersand the guidance system. Any friction found should be elimi-nated or reduced as much as possible.8.1.9 Following adjustment of the hammer drop in accor-dance with the specifications, the tapping machine is ready foruse on any floor structure, including those surfaced

48、 with soft orresilient materials.NOTE 5The above requirements are a subset of the ISO 140/6requirements.8.2 Tapping Machine PositionsThe tapping machinepositions and orientations described in the following must beused. Fig. 1 illustrates one case.8.2.1 Position 1The middle hammer of the tapping ma-c

49、hine shall be coincident with the midpoint of the floor area,that is, the point of intersection of floor diagonals. In framedconstruction, adjust this point to the centerline of the closeststructural member or other support member, and arrange thetapping machine so that all hammers fall on the joist.8.2.2 Position 2Same as position 1, except rotate thetapping machine 90 about the axis of the middle hammer.8.2.3 Position 3Displace the tapping machine laterallyfrom position 1, such that the long dimension of the machine iscentered midway between and para