1、Designation: F 146 04Standard Test Methods forFluid Resistance of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the effecton physic
3、al properties of nonmetallic gasketing materials afterimmersion in test fluids. The types of materials covered areType 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 7 as described in Classifi-cation F 104. These test methods are not applicable to thetesting of vulcanized rubber, a procedure that is described inTest M
4、ethod D 471. It is designed for testing specimens cutfrom gasketing materials or from finished articles of com-merce. These test methods may also be used as a pre-treatmentfor Multi-Layer Steel, MLS, or Metal Layer Gasket materialsadhesion testing per Test Method D3359. The pre-treatment ofMLS or Me
5、tal Layer Gasket materials pertains only as apre-cursor to the adhesion test. Other physical property testsdescribed in this standard are not applicable to MLS or MetalLayer Gasket materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are
6、for informa-tion only.1.3 Refer to the current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)and any precautionary labeling provided by the supplier of anymaterials referred to in these test methods.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
7、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Elastomers TensionD 471 Te
8、st Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 3359 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF 36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery ofGasket MaterialsF 104 Classification System for Non
9、metallic Gasket Mate-rialsF 147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic GasketMaterialsF 152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of NonmetallicGasket Materials3. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Appropriate test specimens are subjected to completeimmersion in test fluids. After immersing the specimens in
10、 thevarious test fluids, the effect on physical properties is expressedas change in tensile strength, compressibility in softenedcondition, flexibility, volume change, and thickness and weightchanges from the original condition.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods provide a standardized pro
11、cedure tomeasure the effect of immersion in specified fluids underdefinite conditions of time and temperature. The results ofthese test methods are not intended to give any direct correla-tion with service conditions in view of the wide variations intemperature and special uses encountered in gasket
12、 applica-tions. The specific test fluids and test conditions outlined wereselected as typical for purposes of comparing different mate-rials and can be used as a routine test when agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer.5. Apparatus5.1 Circulating-Hot-Air Ovens, two, capable of maintai
13、ning100 6 1C (212 6 2F) and 149 6 2C (300 6 3.6F), oraluminum block fitted for use with test tubes, or heatingmantle, capable of maintaining 100 6 1C (212 6 2F).5.2 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium chloride orsilica gel.5.3 Analytical Balance.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of
14、 ASTM Committee F03 onGaskets and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.40 on Chemical TestMethods.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 146 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web
15、site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sta
16、tes.5.4 Thickness Gage, actuated by dead load weights, havingdial graduations of 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) with anvil not less thanpresser foot diameter of 6.4 6 0.127 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.).Dead weight loads are listed in Table 1.5.5 Cutting Dies, appropriate for cutting steel, with sharpedges free from
17、nicks or burrs, in the following sizes:5.5.1 25.4 by 50.8 mm (1 by 2 in.),5.5.2 28.6-mm (1.126-in.) diameter, 645.2-mm2(1-in.2)area circular die,5.5.3 Test Methods D 412, Die A, 12.7-mm (0.500-in.)width, and5.5.4 12.7 by 152.4 mm (0.50 by 6 in.).5.6 Conditioned Cabinet or Room, maintained at 21 to 2
18、9C(70 to 85F) and from 50 to 55 % relative humidity.5.7 Test Tubes, with 38-mm (1.50-in.) outside diameters and305-mm (12-in.) overall lengths,3fitted with aluminum foil-covered compressible stoppers.5.8 Immersion Containers, of configuration required toaccommodate specimen sizes.5.9 Boiling Flask w
19、ith Reflux Condenser, of configurationrequired to accordance specimen sizes.5.10 Light-Metal Wire Screens, sized to fit within immersioncontainers (5.8).5.11 Watchglass or Ground-Glass Tared Weighing Bottle.5.12 Immersion FluidsASTM Oils No. 14, IRM 903,5ASTM Fuel B, distilled water, ethylene glycol
20、, propyleneglycol, and other test fluids as needed.5.13 Absorbent Paper, rapid qualitative-type or similarabsorptive texture.66. Test Specimens6.1 Specimens to be tested shall be cleanly die-cut so as tobe flat, clean, and free of projecting fibers, fillers, particulates,etc.6.1.1 Specimens for imme
21、rsion in liquids for change inthickness, weight, or volume shall be single-ply with 25.4 by50.8-mm (1 by 2-in.) dimensions or 28.6-mm (1.126-in.)diameter disks.6.1.2 Specimens for loss of tensile strength in test fluidsshall be of Die A or alternative as permitted in Test MethodsF 152.6.1.3 Specimen
22、s for compressibility measurement after im-mersion in test fluids shall be 645.2 mm2(1 in.2) in circularsquare-inch disks plied in number in accordance with TestMethod F 36.6.1.4 Specimens for flexibility after immersion in test fluidsshall be 12.7 by 152.4 mm (0.5 by 6 in.) by single thickness.7. T
23、emperature of Test Measurement7.1 Conduct all measurements on test specimens that are setat a temperature of 21 to 29C (70 to 85F).8. Conditioning8.1 Prior to testing, the user should condition specimens asspecified in Classification F 104.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct tests in accordance with Table 2 or
24、otherwiseagreed upon between the producer and the user. These testmethods are applicable to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,commercial coolants and blends with water thereof (see Note1), water, and other commercial oils and fuels. The producermust be aware that different coolant mixtures may yield
25、different results.NOTE 1Coolant mixtures are typically tested under boiling refluxconditions.9.2 ThicknessMeasure specimens with a thickness mea-suring device actuated by a dead-weight load. Graduate the dialin 0.0254-mm (0.001-in.) or smaller units; estimate readings tothe nearest 0.00254 mm (0.000
26、1 in.). The anvil shall have adiameter not less than that of the presser foot, which has adiameter of 6.4 6 0.127 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.).9.2.1 Loads and pressure shall be in accordance with Table1.3Suitable test tubes of this size were obtained from Edwin H. Benz Co., 703Maplehurst Rd., Providence,
27、RI 02908-5398 and are available from most scientificsupply houses.4ASTM Oil No. 1 is available from Penreco, 4426 E. Washington Blvd., LosAngeles, CA 90028; ASTM Fuel A and ASTM Fuel B are available from ChevronPhillips Co., 10001 Six Pines Drive, The Woodlands, TX 77380. Refer to TestMethod D 471 f
28、or further information regarding immersion test fluids.5IRM 903 is available from R. E. Carrol, Inc., P. O. Box 5806, Trenton, NJ08638. The user should be aware that results may differ. ASTM Oil No. 3 is nolonger commercially available due to potential health risks associated with its use.IRM 903 ha
29、s been approved by Committee D-11 as a replacement for ASTM OilNo. 3.6Whatman Filter Paper No. 4 has demonstrated proper absorptive character foroils and is recommended to obtain repeatable results.TABLE 1 Loads and PressureTypeTotal Load onPresser Foot(Reference)Load on SampleN oz kPa psi1A2.50 9.0
30、 79.3 6 6.9 11.5 6 1.02 1.11 4.0 35 6 6.9 5.1 6 1.03 1.75 6.3 55 6 6.9 8.0 6 1.0AMaterials of Type 1 and Type 7 that exhibit a minimum thickness increase of35 % in IRM 903 shall be tested after immersion in any fluid by using a total loadon the pressure foot of 0.83 N (3.0 oz) which becomes 26.4 6 6
31、.9-kPa (3.8 61.0-psi) load on the sample.TABLE 2 Properties, Characteristics and Test MethodsType ofMaterialPhysical Property Fluid6TestDuration,hTemperature,C (F)1, 7 Compressibility IRM 903 5 149 (300)Tensile strength IRM 903 5 149 (300)Thickness increase ASTM Fuel B 5 21 to 29 (70 to 85)Weight in
32、crease IRM 903 5 149 (300)2 Flexibility ASTM Oil No. 1 70 100 (212)Volume change ASTM Oil No. 1 70 100 (212)Volume change IRM 903 70 100 (212)Volume change ASTM Fuel B 22 21 to 29 (70 to 85)3 Weight change ASTM Fuel BIRM 903distilled water22222221 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 8
33、5)Thickness increase ASTM Fuel BIRM 903distilled water22222221 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)F1460429.2.2 Take readings by lowering the presser foot gently untilit is in contact with the specimen. Take a sufficient number ofreadings, depending on the size of the specimen, to
34、provide areliable average value.9.3 WeightDetermine the initial weight of a specimen byremoving it from the conditions required after conditioning(Section 5) and placing it immediately in the tared weighingbottle. Measure the weight of the test specimen to the nearest1 mg (0.001 g) and record where
35、calculations for percentage ofweight change are to be taken.9.4 Immersion in Fluids:9.4.1 Elevated TemperaturePlace appropriate specimensin the test tubes or boiling flask, using only one material pertest tube. Pour enough fresh fluid into the tube to completelycover the specimens and ensure that th
36、ey are immersed. Insertthe aluminum-foil covered stoppers into the test tubes beforeplacing them in the supporting rack within the oven.9.4.1.1 At the end of the test period, remove and immedi-ately immerse the specimens in a cool (21 to 29C (70 to85F), fresh portion of the test fluid for 30 to 60 m
37、in. Thenwithdraw the specimens from the cooled-down test fluid andimmediately blot the samples with sheets of blotting paper toremove excess liquid from the surfaces. Exercise care whenremoving the excess fluid so that no squeezing action occurs onthe sample. Specimens over 0.79 mm (0.031 in.) in th
38、icknessshould also be blotted on the edges.9.4.2 Room TemperaturePlace appropriate specimens inthe immersion containers using pieces of light-metal screens toseparate individual specimens of one test material from thoseof another and the bottom of the container, and also to ensurethat the specimens
39、remain immersed in the test fluid. Pourenough fresh test fluid over the specimens to ensure that thespecimens are wetted and covered by the fluid. Use enoughfluid to provide a minimum of 10 mL for each specimen in thecontainer.9.4.3 Volatile FluidsWhen withdrawing specimens thathave been immersed in
40、 a highly volatile fluid such as Fuel B,immediately test for the desired properties.9.4.4 ContaminationImmersion tests should contain ma-terials with similar chemistries to ensure that adjacent samplesare not contaminated as a result of chemical breakdown. Ifsuch information is not available, then t
41、he material should betested by itself in fresh fluid to determine compatibility withsaid fluid.9.5 Compressibility After ImmersionAfter subjecting thespecimens to immersion, test them in accordance with TestMethod F 36, except the time to apply the major load shall bebetween 5 and 10 s to avoid rupt
42、uring the test specimen.9.6 Tensile Strength After ImmersionAfter subjecting thespecimens to immersion in test fluid, test them in accordancewith Test Methods F 152 using the original dry measurementsas as reference values.9.7 Thickness Change After ImmersionRemeasure thespecimens that were subjecte
43、d to the immersion in test fluids tomeasure the change in thickness in accordance with theprocedure in 9.2. The change in thickness of the specimens isto be calculated as an expression of percentage change from theoriginal thickness.NOTE 2Great care must be taken to record the swollen thicknesswhen
44、the needle slows to a different rate which reflects indentation into thesoftened specimen.9.8 Flexibility After ImmersionTest specimens which areto be measured for flexibility after immersion in fluids inaccordance with the procedure in Test Method F 147.9.9 Volume Change After ImmersionTest specime
45、ns to betested for volume change in accordance with Test MethodD 471. For materials having less than specific gravity 1.00, usethe following procedure if a Jolly balance is employed:9.9.1 Level and zero the Jolly balance and ensure it isproperly shielded from drafts.9.9.2 Attach a small metal sinker
46、 (about5gisusuallysufficient) to the weighing hook so that it is totally immersed inwater.9.9.3 Weigh the specimen in air and record the scalereading, SR1.9.9.4 Then weigh the specimen in distilled water and recordthe scale reading, SR2.9.9.5 The original volume, V1, then equals SR1SR2.9.9.6 After r
47、emoving the specimen from the test medium,repeat 9.9.3, 9.9.4, and 9.9.5. This gives the final volume, V2.Change the distilled water used in the test frequently.NOTE 3Caution: Use the same sinker throughout.9.9.6.1 Calculate the change in volume, V, as follows:V 5 V22 V1!/V1# 3 100 (1)where:V = chan
48、ge in volume, %,V2= volume after removal from liquid, andV1= original volume.9.10 Weight Change After ImmersionReweigh specimensthat have been subjected to immersion in fluids using theprocedure in accordance with 9.3. The change in weight of thespecimens is to be calculated as an expression of perc
49、entagechange on the original weight.9.11 Adhesion After Immersion for MLS or Metal LayerGasket MaterialTest specimens of coated metal from Multi-Layer Steel, MLS, or Metal Layer Gasket Material subjected toimmersion in fluids and tested for adhesion per ASTM D3359,Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test.It is understood that the results will be reported per D3359along with the specific immersion conditions used prior to saidadhesion test. Other physical property tests described in thisstandard are not applicable for these material
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