1、Designation: F 37 06Standard Test Methods forSealability of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 37; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods provide a means of evaluating thesealing properties o
3、f sheet and solid form-in-place gasketmaterials at room temperature. Test Method A is restricted toliquid leakage measurements, whereas Test Method B may beused for both liquid and gas leakage measurements.1.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating thesealing characteristics of a gasket mate
4、rial under differentcompressive flange loads. The test method may be used as anacceptance test when the producer and user have agreed tospecific test conditions for the following parameters: testmedium, internal pressure on medium, and flange load ongasket specimens.1.3 These test methods use a smal
5、l-diameter narrow-widthgasket as the test specimen under relatively low gasket loadsand relatively low pressures. Test Method F 2378 is anothersealability test method that uses a larger gasket specimen andhigher internal pressures and flange loads.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
6、 as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
7、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific hazardor warning statements, or both, see 5.2.11, Section 6, 6.3, 8.2.4,11.3.2, and 11.4.2.)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 2000 Classification System for Rubber Pro
8、ducts in Auto-motive ApplicationsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Mate-rialF 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-rialsF 2378 Test Method for Sealability of Sheet, Compo
9、site,and Solid Form-in-Place Gasket Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:3B57.1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and InletConnections2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Leakage Test Fixtures43. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Both test methods utilize a test specimen compressedbetween the surfaces of two smooth steel flange fac
10、es.After thespecified flange load is applied, the test medium is introducedinto the center of the annular gasket compressed between theflanges and the specified pressure is applied to the medium. Forliquid sealability tests (Test Methods A and B), Reference FuelA (see Test Method D 471, Motor Fuel S
11、ection of Annex) isrecommended and the leakage rate is measured by a change inthe level of a sight-glass located in the line upstream from thegasket testing fixture. Nitrogen is the recommended gas for thegas sealability test (Test Method B) and the leakage rate ismeasured by a change in the level o
12、f a water manometerlocated in the line upstream from the gasket testing fixture.3.1.1 Test Method A uses a test fixture (Fig. 1) by which anexternal load is transferred into the fixture to produce acompressive force on the gasket specimen.3.1.2 Test Method B uses a test fixture (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3)in
13、which the flanges are held within a four-bolt cage that permits1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 onGaskets and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.10 on CompositeGaskets.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapprov
14、ed in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 37 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJF0037. Original adjunct produced in 1962.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、 19428-2959, United States.loading the flanges at various force levels. The flange load ismeasured by a transducer held within the cage.3.2 Results of the sealability tests are expressed as a leakagerate in millilitres per hour for the test specimen under thespecific conditions of the test.4. Signif
17、icance and Use4.1 These test methods are designed to compare gasketmaterials under controlled conditions and to provide a precisemeasure of leakage rate.4.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring leakagerates as high as 6 L/h and as low as 0.3 mL/h. In many cases,“zero” leakage may not be att
18、ainable.4.3 These test methods evaluate leakage rates after timeperiods that are typically 5 to 30 min under load. Holding agasket material under load for extended time periods may givedifferent results.4.4 If the fluid being used in the test causes changes, such asswelling, in the gasket material,
19、then unpredictable results maybe obtained.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket Materials by Liquid Leakage MeasurementsTest Method AFIG. 2 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket Materials by Liquid Leakage MeasurementsTest Method BF370625. Apparatus5.1 Test Method
20、A:5.1.1 Compressed Air Supply and RegulatorA source ofcompressed air with a suitable regulator to control the pressureat a point between 0 and 101.4 kPa (14.7 psi).5.1.2 Manometer or Pressure GaugeA 101.4-kPa (14.7-psi) manometer or suitable pressure gauge to read the pressureto the nearest 0.67 kPa
21、 (0.1 psi).5.1.3 Buret, 10-mL capacity, graduated in 0.05 mL, with aconnection at each end for flexible hose.5.1.4 Leakage Test Fixture, including a suitable dial indica-tor graduated in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) and mounted as shownin Fig. 1. (See 2.3.)5.1.5 Petcock, inserted in the upper flange to blee
22、d air fromthe fixture.5.1.6 Hose, flexible, suitable to withstand the pressure andliquid specified for the test being run. Piping the system withrigid copper or stainless steel tubing may result in less variationduring testing.5.1.7 Loading DeviceA suitable means of applying anaccurate external load
23、 to the leakage test fixture and ofmaintaining the load within 61.0 %. Loading shall range froma minimum of 862 kPa (125 psi) to a maximum of 27.6 MPa(4000 psi).5.2 Test Method B:5.2.1 Nitrogen Supply Cylinder and Pressure RegulatorAcylinder of dry nitrogen with a suitable regulator to control theou
24、tlet pressure.5.2.2 Pressure Gauge, suitable for measuring 690-kPa (100-psig) pressure precisely.A114-mm (4.5-in.) diameter Bourdon-type gauge with scale calibrated in 3.4-kPa (0.5-psig) gradua-tions is recommended.5,65.2.3 Test Fixture Cage, consisting of top and bottomplatens and four threaded stu
25、ds with nuts, in accordance withFig. 2 and Fig. 3.6,7Orient the fixture cage base horizontallyand use a bubble level on the cage top platen to improvealignment of the top and bottom platen during compression ofthe gasket.5.2.4 Test Fixture Flanges, an upper and a lower, thatsupport the gasket being
26、tested. The surface finish shall be 0.41to 0.82 m (16 to 32 in.) Ra.5.2.5 Load Transducer Assembly, consisting of a calibratedload transducer, the diameter of which is dependent upon theload range desired (Note 1); an indicator rod that projects upthe center of the transducer; a self-aligning ball b
27、ushing6,8that5The sole source of supply of the apparatus (1900 Series, 200 psi pressure range)known to the committee at this time is U.S. Gauge Division, PO Box 152,Sellersville, PA 18960.6If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Y
28、our comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Metal Samples Co., Inc., Route 1, PO Box 152, Munford, AL 36268.8The sole source of supply of t
29、he apparatus (Model 6SF10) known to thecommittee at this time is The Timken Company (Torrington Company), 1835Dueber Ave. SW, Canton, OH 44706-0932.FIG. 3 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket Materials by Gas Leakage MeasurementsTest Method BF37063fits on the load transducer; and a pr
30、ecision dial indicator (50mm (2 in.) in diameter and a total range of 0.152 mm (0.006in.), with scale divisions of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.)6,9formeasuring the deflection of the transducer.NOTE 1Load transducers of various sizes will provide different loadranges. A transducer with a shaft diameter of 8.
31、10 mm (0.319 in.) willdeflect 0.025 mm/4.45 kN (0.001 in./1000 lbf). A transducer with a shaftdiameter of 11.0 mm (0.433 in.) will deflect 0.025 mm/8.90 kN (0.001 in./2000 lbf). A deflection of 0.076 mm (0.003 in.) should not be exceeded,or damage to the test fixture may result.5.2.6 Steel Buffer Di
32、skThis disk of annealed steel pre-vents the hardened-steel transducer from damaging the top ofthe flange.5.2.7 Adapter ColletThe adapter collet is used to attachthe dial indicator to the threaded end of the load transducer.When attached properly, the indicating member on the loadtransducer contacts
33、the actuating button on the dial indicator.NOTE 2Depending on the exact equipment used, sometimes theadapter collet used in Test Methods F38, Test Method B, can be used withthis fixture.5.2.8 ManometerA standard Meriam-type 101.4-kPa(14.7-psi) manometer suitable for use with water and suitablefor 2.
34、07-MPa (300-psig) pressure. The scale shall be calibratedwith 1.0-mm (0.04-in.) graduations.5.2.9 Sight Glass and ReservoirThe liquid testing proce-dure requires a liquid reservoir that may be any metal containerof approximately 1500-cm3(100-in.3) capacity that can bepiped into the system and conven
35、iently filled. A sight-glassmade from 2.07-MPa (300-psig) boiler-gauge glass tubing isused for observing the fluid level.Apiece of 16-mm (0.625-in.)outside diameter glass tubing approximately 280- mm (11-in.)long has proven satisfactory. This glass gauge shall be as-sembled with appropriate fittings
36、 and a stand. The scale usedwith the gauge shall be calibrated with 1.0-mm (0.04-in.)graduations. If desired, the manometer described in 5.2.8 canbe used as a sight-glass (see 9.2).5.2.10 Tubing, Fittings, and ValvesSuitable high-pressureflexible tubing and either flare or compression adapter fittin
37、gsmay be used. Piping the system with rigid copper or stainlesssteel tubing may result in less variation during testing. Smallhand valves shall be used where indicated. The tubing con-necting the manometer or sight-glass to the test fixture shall beof small bore to reduce the internal volume. Capill
38、ary tubingwith a 1.6-mm (0.0625-in.) inside diameter is suggested.5.2.11 Laboratory Stress-Strain EquipmentSuitable ten-sion equipment with calibrated load cell to produce andmeasure a force required for a given deflection of the trans-ducer tube. The tension equipment shall have an accuracy of65 %
39、of the load value read. (WarningThe maximum forcethat can be safely applied to the equipment is 44.48 kN (10 000lb).)5.2.12 Prepare some type of holding fixture to hold thebottom platen of the test fixture cage when the nuts at the topare tightened.6. Hazards6.1 Normal safety practices required for
40、operating pressureequipment shall be observed by the personnel conducting thetests.6.2 A suitably mounted, transparent safety shield shall beused as a barrier between the operator and the pressurized glasstubing.6.3 All components of the system must be designed tosafely accommodate a maximum working
41、 pressure of1.03 MPa (150 psig), in order to satisfy the requirements of theuser and ensure the safety of the operator. (WarningThemaximum force that can be safely applied to the equipment is44.48 kN (10 000 lb).)6.4 Care shall be exercised to ensure proper support ofnitrogen gas cylinders and press
42、ure regulators used for oper-ating pressure control in accordance with ANSI StandardB57.1. Full details are also included in the Handbook ofCompressed Gases.107. Test Specimens7.1 Preparation of Test Specimens for Test Method A:7.1.1 When sheet gasket material (see Classification F 104)is to be test
43、ed, test specimens shall be die-cut so that the edgesare flat, clean, and free of burrs. If necessary the test specimensshall be flattened to remove any rollover of the specimen edgesgenerated during die cutting. The size shall be 32.26 to 32.31mm (1.270 to 1.272 in.) in inside diameter and 44.20 to
44、 44.32mm (1.740 to 1.745 in.) in outside diameter. The thicknessshall be approximately 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) unless otherwiseagreed upon between the producer and user. The assumedaverage area of this test specimen is 719.35 mm2(1.115 in.2).7.1.2 For reporting purposes, measure the thickness of thegask
45、et test specimens with a micrometer in accordance withClassification F 104.7.1.3 The test specimens shall be inspected and rejected forsurface irregularities, such as scratches, tears, and clumps offibers.7.2 Preparation of Test Specimens for Test Method B:7.2.1 Sheet Gasket Material (see Classifica
46、tion F 104):7.2.1.1 Test specimens shall be die-cut so that the edges areflat, clean, and free of burrs. If necessary the test specimensshall be flattened to remove any rollover of the specimen edgesgenerated during die cutting. They shall be of circular con-struction having concentric inside and ou
47、tside diameters suchthat they fit the sealability test cell. The thickness shall beapproximately 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) unless otherwise agreedupon between the producer and user.7.2.1.2 For reporting purposes, measure the thickness of thegasket specimens with a micrometer in accordance withClassificati
48、on F 104.7.2.2 Types 4 and 5 Form-In-Place Gasket Material (seeClassification F 104)A 122-mm (4.8-in.) long piece ofstandard size material, between 4.76 and 6.35-mm (0.1875 and0.250-in.) nominal size or width, shall be formed into a circleof 38-mm (1.5-in.) mean diameter. The ends of the Type 49The
49、sole source of supply of the apparatus (No. 25209) known to the committeeat this time is The L.S. Starrett Company, Athol, MA.10Available from the Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 500 Fifth Ave., NewYork, NY 10110.F37064material shall be so laid as to have a 6.35 6 1.59-mm (0.25 60.0625-in.) overlap to complete the seal. The Type 5 materialshall have an overlap of 1.59 6 0.79 mm (0.0625 6 0.0313 in.)to complete the seal.7.2.3 The test specimens shall be inspected, and surfaceirregularities such as scratches and tears shall be cause forrejection.8. Preparation
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