ASTM F37-2006(2013) Standard Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket Materials《垫片材料的密封性的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: F37 06 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forSealability of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F37; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods provide a means of evaluating theseali

3、ng properties of sheet and solid form-in-place gasketmaterials at room temperature. Test Method A is restricted toliquid leakage measurements, whereas Test Method B may beused for both liquid and gas leakage measurements.1.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating thesealing characteristics o

4、f a gasket material under differentcompressive flange loads. The test method may be used as anacceptance test when the producer and user have agreed tospecific test conditions for the following parameters: testmedium, internal pressure on medium, and flange load ongasket specimens.1.3 These test met

5、hods use a small-diameter narrow-widthgasket as the test specimen under relatively low gasket loadsand relatively low pressures. Test Method F2378 is anothersealability test method that uses a larger gasket specimen andhigher internal pressures and flange loads.1.4 The values stated in SI units are

6、to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and d

7、etermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific hazardor warning statements, or both, see 5.2.11, Section 6, 6.3, 8.2.4,11.3.2, and 11.4.2.)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2000 Classification System fo

8、r Rubber Products in Auto-motive ApplicationsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket MaterialF104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-alsF2378 Test Method for Sealability of Shee

9、t, Composite, andSolid Form-in-Place Gasket Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:3B57.1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and InletConnections2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Leakage Test Fixtures43. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Both test methods utilize a test specimen compressedbetween the surfaces of two smooth steel fl

10、ange faces.After thespecified flange load is applied, the test medium is introducedinto the center of the annular gasket compressed between theflanges and the specified pressure is applied to the medium. Forliquid sealability tests (Test Methods A and B), Reference FuelA (see Test Method D471, Motor

11、 Fuel Section of Annex) isrecommended and the leakage rate is measured by a change inthe level of a sight-glass located in the line upstream from thegasket testing fixture. Nitrogen is the recommended gas for thegas sealability test (Test Method B) and the leakage rate ismeasured by a change in the

12、level of a water manometerlocated in the line upstream from the gasket testing fixture.3.1.1 Test Method A uses a test fixture (Fig. 1) by which anexternal load is transferred into the fixture to produce acompressive force on the gasket specimen.3.1.2 Test Method B uses a test fixture (Fig. 2 and Fi

13、g. 3)inwhich the flanges are held within a four-bolt cage that permitsloading the flanges at various force levels. The flange load ismeasured by a transducer held within the cage.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 onGaskets and are the direct responsibility of Subco

14、mmittee F03.10 on CompositeGaskets.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F37 06. DOI:10.1520/F0037-06R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at

15、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No

16、.ADJF0037. Original adjunct produced in 1962.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Results of the sealability tests are expressed as a leakagerate in millilitres per hour for the test specimen under thespecific condition

17、s of the test.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are designed to compare gasketmaterials under controlled conditions and to provide a precisemeasure of leakage rate.4.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring leakagerates as high as 6 L/h and as low as 0.3 mL/h. In many cases,“zero”

18、 leakage may not be attainable.4.3 These test methods evaluate leakage rates after timeperiods that are typically 5 to 30 min under load. Holding agasket material under load for extended time periods may givedifferent results.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket Materials by Li

19、quid Leakage MeasurementsTest Method AFIG. 2 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket Materials by Liquid Leakage MeasurementsTest Method BF37 06 (2013)24.4 If the fluid being used in the test causes changes, such asswelling, in the gasket material, then unpredictable results maybe obtain

20、ed.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Method A:5.1.1 Compressed Air Supply and RegulatorA source ofcompressed air with a suitable regulator to control the pressureat a point between 0 and 101.4 kPa (14.7 psi).5.1.2 Manometer or Pressure GaugeA 101.4-kPa (14.7-psi) manometer or suitable pressure gauge to read the

21、pressureto the nearest 0.67 kPa (0.1 psi).5.1.3 Buret, 10-mL capacity, graduated in 0.05 mL, with aconnection at each end for flexible hose.5.1.4 Leakage Test Fixture, including a suitable dial indica-tor graduated in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) and mounted as shownin Fig. 1. (See 2.3.)5.1.5 Petcock, inser

22、ted in the upper flange to bleed air fromthe fixture.5.1.6 Hose, flexible, suitable to withstand the pressure andliquid specified for the test being run. Piping the system withrigid copper or stainless steel tubing may result in less variationduring testing.5.1.7 Loading DeviceA suitable means of ap

23、plying anaccurate external load to the leakage test fixture and ofmaintaining the load within 61.0 %. Loading shall range froma minimum of 862 kPa (125 psi) to a maximum of 27.6 MPa(4000 psi).5.2 Test Method B:5.2.1 Nitrogen Supply Cylinder and Pressure RegulatorAcylinder of dry nitrogen with a suit

24、able regulator to control theoutlet pressure.5.2.2 Pressure Gauge, suitable for measuring 690-kPa (100-psig) pressure precisely.A114-mm (4.5-in.) diameter Bourdon-type gauge with scale calibrated in 3.4-kPa (0.5-psig) gradua-tions is recommended.5,65.2.3 Test Fixture Cage, consisting of top and bott

25、omplatens and four threaded studs with nuts, in accordance withFig. 2 and Fig. 3.6,7Orient the fixture cage base horizontallyand use a bubble level on the cage top platen to improvealignment of the top and bottom platen during compression ofthe gasket.5.2.4 Test Fixture Flanges, an upper and a lower

26、, thatsupport the gasket being tested. The surface finish shall be 0.41to 0.82 m (16 to 32 in.) Ra.5.2.5 Load Transducer Assembly, consisting of a calibratedload transducer, the diameter of which is dependent upon theload range desired (Note 1); an indicator rod that projects up5The sole source of s

27、upply of the apparatus (1900 Series, 200 psi pressure range)known to the committee at this time is U.S. Gauge Division, PO Box 152,Sellersville, PA 18960.6If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful

28、consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Metal Samples Co., Inc., Route 1, PO Box 152, Munford, AL 36268.FIG. 3 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket Materi

29、als by Gas Leakage MeasurementsTest Method BF37 06 (2013)3the center of the transducer; a self-aligning ball bushing6,8thatfits on the load transducer; and a precision dial indicator (50mm (2 in.) in diameter and a total range of 0.152 mm (0.006in.), with scale divisions of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.)6,9f

30、ormeasuring the deflection of the transducer.NOTE 1Load transducers of various sizes will provide different loadranges. A transducer with a shaft diameter of 8.10 mm (0.319 in.) willdeflect 0.025 mm/4.45 kN (0.001 in./1000 lbf). A transducer with a shaftdiameter of 11.0 mm (0.433 in.) will deflect 0

31、.025 mm/8.90 kN (0.001 in./2000 lbf). A deflection of 0.076 mm (0.003 in.) should not be exceeded,or damage to the test fixture may result.5.2.6 Steel Buffer DiskThis disk of annealed steel preventsthe hardened-steel transducer from damaging the top of theflange.5.2.7 Adapter ColletThe adapter colle

32、t is used to attachthe dial indicator to the threaded end of the load transducer.When attached properly, the indicating member on the loadtransducer contacts the actuating button on the dial indicator.NOTE 2Depending on the exact equipment used, sometimes theadapter collet used in Test Methods F38,

33、Test Method B, can be used withthis fixture.5.2.8 ManometerA standard Meriam-type 101.4-kPa(14.7-psi) manometer suitable for use with water and suitablefor 2.07-MPa (300-psig) pressure. The scale shall be calibratedwith 1.0-mm (0.04-in.) graduations.5.2.9 Sight Glass and ReservoirThe liquid testing

34、proce-dure requires a liquid reservoir that may be any metal containerof approximately 1500-cm3(100-in.3) capacity that can bepiped into the system and conveniently filled. A sight-glassmade from 2.07-MPa (300-psig) boiler-gauge glass tubing isused for observing the fluid level.Apiece of 16-mm (0.62

35、5-in.)outside diameter glass tubing approximately 280- mm (11-in.)long has proven satisfactory. This glass gauge shall be as-sembled with appropriate fittings and a stand. The scale usedwith the gauge shall be calibrated with 1.0-mm (0.04-in.)graduations. If desired, the manometer described in 5.2.8

36、 canbe used as a sight-glass (see 9.2).5.2.10 Tubing, Fittings, and ValvesSuitable high-pressureflexible tubing and either flare or compression adapter fittingsmay be used. Piping the system with rigid copper or stainlesssteel tubing may result in less variation during testing. Smallhand valves shal

37、l be used where indicated. The tubing con-necting the manometer or sight-glass to the test fixture shall beof small bore to reduce the internal volume. Capillary tubingwith a 1.6-mm (0.0625-in.) inside diameter is suggested.5.2.11 Laboratory Stress-Strain EquipmentSuitable ten-sion equipment with ca

38、librated load cell to produce andmeasure a force required for a given deflection of the trans-ducer tube. The tension equipment shall have an accuracy of65 % of the load value read. (WarningThe maximum forcethat can be safely applied to the equipment is 44.48 kN (10 000lb).)5.2.12 Prepare some type

39、of holding fixture to hold thebottom platen of the test fixture cage when the nuts at the topare tightened.6. Hazards6.1 Normal safety practices required for operating pressureequipment shall be observed by the personnel conducting thetests.6.2 A suitably mounted, transparent safety shield shall beu

40、sed as a barrier between the operator and the pressurized glasstubing.6.3 All components of the system must be designed tosafely accommodate a maximum working pressure of1.03 MPa (150 psig), in order to satisfy the requirements of theuser and ensure the safety of the operator. (WarningThemaximum for

41、ce that can be safely applied to the equipment is44.48 kN (10 000 lb).)6.4 Care shall be exercised to ensure proper support ofnitrogen gas cylinders and pressure regulators used for oper-ating pressure control in accordance with ANSI StandardB57.1. Full details are also included in the Handbook ofCo

42、mpressed Gases.107. Test Specimens7.1 Preparation of Test Specimens for Test Method A:7.1.1 When sheet gasket material (see Classification F104)is to be tested, test specimens shall be die-cut so that the edgesare flat, clean, and free of burrs. If necessary the test specimensshall be flattened to r

43、emove any rollover of the specimen edgesgenerated during die cutting. The size shall be 32.26 to 32.31mm (1.270 to 1.272 in.) in inside diameter and 44.20 to 44.32mm (1.740 to 1.745 in.) in outside diameter. The thicknessshall be approximately 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) unless otherwiseagreed upon between

44、the producer and user. The assumedaverage area of this test specimen is 719.35 mm2(1.115 in.2).7.1.2 For reporting purposes, measure the thickness of thegasket test specimens with a micrometer in accordance withClassification F104.7.1.3 The test specimens shall be inspected and rejected forsurface i

45、rregularities, such as scratches, tears, and clumps offibers.7.2 Preparation of Test Specimens for Test Method B:7.2.1 Sheet Gasket Material (see Classification F104):7.2.1.1 Test specimens shall be die-cut so that the edges areflat, clean, and free of burrs. If necessary the test specimensshall be

46、flattened to remove any rollover of the specimen edgesgenerated during die cutting. They shall be of circular con-struction having concentric inside and outside diameters suchthat they fit the sealability test cell. The thickness shall beapproximately 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) unless otherwise agreedupon

47、between the producer and user.7.2.1.2 For reporting purposes, measure the thickness of thegasket specimens with a micrometer in accordance withClassification F104.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Model 6SF10) known to thecommittee at this time is The Timken Company (Torrington Company),

48、1835Dueber Ave. SW, Canton, OH 44706-0932.9The sole source of supply of the apparatus (No. 25209) known to the committeeat this time is The L.S. Starrett Company, Athol, MA.10Available from the Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 500 Fifth Ave., NewYork, NY 10110.F37 06 (2013)47.2.2 Types 4 and 5 Form

49、-In-Place Gasket Material (seeClassification F104)A 122-mm (4.8-in.) long piece of stan-dard size material, between 4.76 and 6.35-mm (0.1875 and0.250-in.) nominal size or width, shall be formed into a circleof 38-mm (1.5-in.) mean diameter. The ends of the Type 4material shall be so laid as to have a 6.35 6 1.59-mm (0.25 60.0625-in.) overlap to complete the seal. The Type 5 materialshall have an overlap of 1.59 6 0.79 mm (0.0625 6 0.0313 in.)to complete the seal.7.2.3 The test specimens shall be inspected, and surfaceirregularities such as scratches and tea