1、Designation: F381 14 An American National StandardStandard Safety Specification forComponents, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of ConsumerTrampolines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This safety specification covers the components, theassembly, and the use of consumer
3、 trampolines.1.2 This specification is delimited in its application totrampolines of (1) a minimum bed size of 3300 in.2(21 300cm2), (2) a minimum height of 20 in. (51 cm), (3) intended forthe purpose of continuous, vertical jumping activities and (4)intended for consumer use.1.3 This specification
4、is intended (1) to reduce the demon-strated hazards associated with the use of trampolines byconsumers; (2) for trampolines used in a home environment bya single user; and (3) not to apply to institutional trampolinesor trampolines intended for use on water. Trampolines thatadhere to this specificat
5、ion are not recommended for use bychildren under six years of age.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard d
6、oes not purport to address all of thehazards associated with trampolines. The standards existencealone will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physicalactivities, trampoline use involves the risk of injury, particu-larly if the equipment is used improperly.1.6 This standard does not purpor
7、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This specification includes the following se
8、ctions andselected subsections.Title Section NumberScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Included Components 4Materials and Manufacture 5Design Requirements 5.2Performance Requirements 5.3Performance Requirements 6Shock Attenuation 6.1Drop Test 6.2Drop test weight and impactor shape. 6.2.5Drop t
9、est procedure. 6.2.6Padding Attachment System Strength 6.3Padding Attachment System Strength TestProcedure6.3.1Drop Test for Trampoline Edge Survivability 6.4Drop Test Procedure for TrampolinesWhere Frame Padding Is Not Required6.4.1Crush and Shear Points 6.5Ultraviolet (UV) Resistant Materials Test
10、 6.6Static Load Tests 6.7Static Load Test on Trampoline Bed 6.7.1Static Load Test on Trampoline Frame 6.7.2Procedure for Static Load Tests 6.7.4Information Packet: 7Packet Marketing and Contents 7.1Assembly and Installation Instructions 7.2Care and Maintenance Instructions 7.3Warning Information 7.4
11、Use Instructions 7.5Product Marking: 8Identification 8.1On-Trampoline Warnings 8.2Instruction Sign 8.3Packaging and Package Marking 9Access Devices: 10Trampoline Ladders 10.1Ladder Warning 10.2Keywords 11Appendix2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog)
12、ApparatusD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessF355 Test Method for ImpactAttenuation of Playing SurfaceSystems and MaterialsF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Play-ground Equipment for Public Use1This safety speci
13、fication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.17 on Trampolines and Related Equipment.Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previ
14、ous edition approved in 2013 as F381 13. DOI:10.1520/F0381-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F2225 Safety Specification for Consumer Trampoline Enclo-suresF2774 Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Con-sumer Trampoline Bed Material2.2 AATCC Standard:3AATCC Method 1692.
16、3 ANSI Standard:4ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels2.4 Federal Standards:516 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Useby Children Under 8 Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass
17、 Edge in Toys and Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 access device, ndevice used for access to or egressfrom a trampoline bed including, but not limited to, trampolineladders.3.1.2 bed, nflexible surfa
18、ce which the user contacts in thecourse of bouncing on a trampoline.3.1.3 bouncing, naction considered as normal use of atrampoline consisting of continuous, vertical jumping whereineach landing is in near proximity to the previous landing.3.1.4 consumer trampoline, ntrampoline intended for usein a
19、home environment.3.1.5 folding-type trampoline, ntrampoline whose framecan be folded when not in use. See portable.3.1.6 frame, nframework constructed of rigid supportivematerials from which the bed is suspended.3.1.7 frame padding, nshock-attenuating protective de-vice(s) that attaches to the frame
20、 to cover the frame andsuspension system in the plane of the bed.3.1.8 institutional trampoline, ntrampoline intended foruse in a commercial or institutional facility.3.1.9 ladder, nsee trampoline ladder.3.1.10 legs, nthe framework constructed of rigid materialswhich support the frame above the grou
21、nd or floor.3.1.11 mat, ncommon, though non-preferred term refer-ring to bed.3.1.12 portable, adjable to be easily moved withoutdisassembly, though usually requiring the assistance of devicessuch as roller stands. Folding-type trampolines are oftenintended to be portable.3.1.13 roller stand, ndevice
22、 that is used to assist inrolling/moving a folding-type trampoline frame.3.1.14 suspension system, nbed-supporting system madeup of elastic devices that connect the bed to the frame, forexample, steel extension springs.3.1.15 trampoline, nrebound device activated by verticaljumping, upon which gymna
23、stics skills and exercises areperformed.3.1.16 trampoline ladder, nladder-like device specificallydesigned for use with a trampoline and designed to be easilyremovable.4. Included Components4.1 When a trampoline is offered for sale, it shall include thefollowing: (1) a frame, (2) a bed, (3) a suspen
24、sion system, (4)frame padding (where the frame is in the plane of the bed), (5)an enclosure in compliance with Safety Specification F2225,(6) an information packet, and (7) suitable markings.4.2 When a trampoline is offered for sale, a trampolineladder shall not be included as a component part or wi
25、thin thesame packaging.4.3 When a portable trampoline is offered for sale, it shallinclude all of the components in 4.1 plus appropriate rollerstands.4.3.1 For folding-type trampolines, the information in 7.5.1and 8.3.3 shall also include the following:4.3.1.1 Use two or more strong people to open a
26、nd closefolding-type trampolines.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The provisions in Section 5 shall apply to a trampolineassembled as instructed in the owners manual. All perfor-mance tests shall be conducted on a fully assembled trampolineand enclosure (if sold as a unit) unless otherwise directed i
27、n thetest requirements.5.2 Design Requirements:5.2.1 The trampoline shall be designed such that no part ofthe frame or legs can be contacted by the bed while bouncing.All frame and leg assemblies shall be joined or fastenedtogether so that it requires either two distinct motions toseparate those par
28、ts or tools to remove fasteners, to avoidunintentional separation.5.2.2 The frame padding shall be of a color which contrastswith the color of the trampoline bed.5.2.3 The suspension system shall be designed so as toprotect the performer from injury due to contact with the sharpends of the trampolin
29、e springs.5.3 Performance Requirements:5.3.1 The frame padding, where required, shall be designedto remain securely attached to the frame when tested to therequirements of 6.2 and 6.3. All tests shall be conducted atambient temperatures (nominally 68 6 5F (20 6 3C).5.3.2 Materials used in any pad co
30、ver, frame padding, coverattachments, tie down(s), and pad seams normally exposed tosunlight shall be made from ultraviolet (UV) resistant materialsand meet the performance requirements of 6.6.5.3.3 Material used in the trampoline mat shall meet therequirements specified in Practice F2774.3Available
31、 from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from U. S. GovernmentAccountability Office
32、(GAO), 441 G St., NW,Washington, DC 20548, http:/www.gao.gov.F381 1425.3.4 Except for necessary seams, the frame padding, whererequired, shall cover the entire top surface of the frame and bewide enough to completely cover the entire top surface of thesuspension system and frame when subjected to th
33、e testsspecified in 6.2.5.3.5 Height of the bed from the ground or floor shall besufficient to prevent the bed from contacting the ground or floorwhile bouncing when tested to the requirements of 6.7.5.3.6 All information, instructions, and warnings shall beprovided in English in addition to any oth
34、er formats used, forexample, graphical, video, multilingual, etc.5.3.7 When installed in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, fasteners, lock washers, self-locking nuts, or otherlocking means shall be provided for all nuts and bolts to protectthem from unintentional loosening; self-locking
35、 nuts must fullyengage with the bolt. Hardware in moving joints shall also besecured against unintentional loosening. Any other fasteningsystems shall comply with the requirement that effectivelocking requires two separate and distinct motions for release.5.3.8 There shall be no accessible sharp poi
36、nts or edges onfasteners when tested in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49.5.3.9 Bolt ends projecting beyond the face of the nut shallbe free of burrs, sharp points, and sharp edges when tested inaccordance with 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. Anaccessible bolt end shall not extend
37、more than the diameter ofthe bolt beyond the face of a nut when the nut is tightened toa torque between 20 and 25 lbf-in (2.3 to 2.8 N-m).5.3.10 If the exposed bolt end is not free of burrs, sharppoints, or sharp edges, or a combination thereof, then thethreaded ends of bolts may be covered by smoot
38、h, tight-fittingcaps that shall resist a torque of 4 lbf-in (0.45 N-m) and atensile force of 15 lbf (67 N) without loosening.5.3.11 All fasteners shall be corrosion resistant to a levelwhere no rust is evident after a 24-h salt spray test to PracticeB117.5.3.12 No welds shall be made to any steel fr
39、ame oraccessory component with a thickness of less than 0.059 in.(1.5 mm).5.3.13 No “saddle” welds shall be made to any steel frameor accessory component with a thickness of less than 0.071 in.(1.8 mm). An example of a saddle-welded tee fitting is shownin Fig. 1.5.3.14 All welded joints shall be ren
40、dered corrosion resis-tant to a level where no rust is evident after a 24-h salt spraytest to Practice B117.5.3.15 No component shall be capable of presenting aprotrusion hazard during foreseeable use.NOTE 1Test requirements that define a protrusion are in SpecificationF1487, Subsection 6.3.5.3.16 T
41、here shall be no accessible burrs, sharp points, orsharp edges on tubing when tested in accordance with 16 CFR1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. End caps or plugs that cannot beremoved without the use of tools on tubing may be used tomeet this requirement.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Shock AttenuationWhe
42、re padding is required, theshock-attenuating material used in the frame padding, asmeasured to include the frame and a minimum of 2 in. from theinside edge of the frame, shall limit the severity index to lessthan 450, when the same thickness as used in the framepadding is tested in accordance with T
43、est Method F355 usinga 20-lb (9-kg), 20-in.2(129-cm2) round, flat head dropped froma distance of 2 ft (61 cm).FIG. 1 Saddle Welded Tee FittingF381 1436.1.1 Where padding is not required, the shock attenuatingproperties of any part of the trampoline edge shall limit theseverity index to less than 450
44、, when tested on a fullyassembled trampoline in accordance with Test Method F355using a 20-lb (9-kg), 20-in.2(129 cm2) round, flat headdropped from a distance of 2 ft (61 cm).6.2 Drop TestA drop test will be performed on the framepadding attached to a trampoline and assembled in accordancewith the m
45、anufacturers instructions. The drop test shall use theequipment and procedures described in 6.2.5 and 6.2.6.Asaresult of the test:6.2.1 The impactor shall not tear the cover or completelypenetrate the padding;6.2.2 Seams of the padding shall not separate;6.2.3 The pad attachments shall not separate
46、from the pad orframe; and6.2.4 The padding shall continue to cover the frame,springs, and frame hardware when the impactor is removedfrom the surface of the padding.6.2.5 Drop Test Weight and Impactor ShapeThe dropweight will consist of a 23-kg (50-lb) mass with a woodenimpacting surface. See Fig. 2
47、. The edges of the impact surfaceare radiused and the heel and toe of the surface are contouredas shown in Fig. 2.6.2.6 Drop Test ProcedureThe impactor shall be droppedin a guided free-fall to contact the surface of the padding. Thesurface of the impactor shall be flat and parallel (within 5) tothe
48、surface of the padding on the initial contact with the pad.The impactor shall be dropped on the portion of the paddingcovering the springs. The impactor shall be centered to impactat a location midway between the inner edge of the frame railand the edge of the trampoline bed. The impactor shall bera
49、ised to a height of 12 in. (tolerance -0/+5 in.) (305 mm-0/+13 mm) above the surface of the padding. The impactorshall be dropped at a minimum of two times near each of thefollowing locations, consistent with the required spacing cen-tered between the springs:6.2.6.1 Midway between attachment points,6.2.6.2 Adjacent to an attachment point,6.2.6.3 At a pad seam, and6.2.6.4 Above a leg.6.2.7 After the first impact, the impactor shall be raised toits initial drop height. The results of the test with regard to padintegrity and coverage will be assesse
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