1、Designation: E 468 90 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Practice forPresentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results forMetallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in October 2004.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the des
3、irable and minimum infor-mation to be communicated between the originator and the userof data derived from constant-force amplitude axial, bending,or torsion fatigue tests of metallic materials tested in air and atroom temperature.NOTE 1Practice E 466, although not directly referenced in the text, i
4、sconsidered important enough to be listed in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ingE 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE 206 Definitions of Terms Relating to Fatigue Testing andthe Statistical Analysis
5、 of Fatigue Data3E 466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled ConstantAmplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic MaterialsE 467 Practice for Verification of Constant AmplitudeDynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System2.2 Special Technical Publications:STP 91 A Guide for Fatigue Testing and t
6、he StatisticalAnalysis of Fatigue Data4STP 588 Manual on Statistical Planning and Analysis53. Terminology Definitions and Nomenclature3.1 The terms and abbreviations used in this practice aredefined in Terminology E 6 and in Definitions E 206. Inaddition, the following nomenclature is used:3.2 crite
7、rion of failurecomplete separation, or the pres-ence of a crack of specified length visible at a specifiedmagnification. Other criteria may be used but should be clearlydefined.3.3 run-outno failure at a specified number of loadingcycles.4. Significance and Use4.1 Fatigue test results may be signifi
8、cantly influenced bythe properties and history of the parent material, the operationsperformed during the preparation of the fatigue specimens, andthe testing machine and test procedures used during thegeneration of the data. The presentation of fatigue test resultsshould include citation of basic i
9、nformation on the material,specimens, and testing to increase the utility of the results andto reduce to a minimum the possibility of misinterpretation orimproper application of those results.5. Listing of Basic Information About Fatigue TestSpecimen5.1 Specification and Properties of Material:5.1.1
10、 Material Prior to Fatigue Test SpecimenPreparationThe minimum information to be presentedshould include the designation or specification (for example, A441, SAE 1070, and so forth) or proprietary grade; form ofproduct (for example, plate, bar, casting, and so forth); heatnumber; melting practice; l
11、ast mechanical working and lastheat treatment that produced the material in the “as-received”condition (for example, cold-worked and aged, annealed androlled, and so forth); chemical composition; and surfacecondition (for example, rolled and descaled, ground, and soforth).1This practice is under the
12、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue andFracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on CyclicDeformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 468 9
13、0 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4A Guide for Fatigue Testing and the Stat
14、istical Analysis of Fatigue Data, ASTMSTP 91 A, ASTM International, 1963. Out of print; available from University Micro-films, Inc., 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106.5Manual on Statistical Planning and Analysis, ASTM STP 588, ASTM Interna-tional, 1975.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
15、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1.1 It is desirable but not required (unless by mutualconsent of the originator and user of the data) to list the rawmaterial production sequence, billet preparation, results ofcleanliness analysis, or a combination thereof,
16、when appli-cable.5.1.2 Material in the Fatigue Test Specimen:5.1.2.1 Mechanical PropertiesThe minimum data on themechanical properties of the material in a condition identical tothat of the fatigue test specimen should include the tensilestrength, yield point or yield strength at a specified onset;e
17、longation in a specified gage length; reduction of area whenapplicable; and the designation of the test used to procure themechanical properties (for example, Test Methods E 8, TensionTesting of Metallic Materials, and so forth). If notched fatiguetests were conducted, the notched tensile strength a
18、lso shouldbe listed.5.1.2.2 MetallographyIt is desirable but not required(unless by mutual consent of the originator and user of thedata) to list the grain size (when applicable), phases, anddispersions characteristic of the fatigue test specimen in the“ready-to-test” condition.5.1.2.3 It is desirab
19、le but not required (unless by mutualconsent of the originator and user of the data) to show thelocations, in the parent material, from which the specimenswere taken.5.2 Minimum Information to Be Presented on Design ofFatigue Test Specimen in the “Ready-To-Test” Conditions:5.2.1 Shape, Size, and Dim
20、ensionsA drawing showingshape, size, and dimensions of the fatigue test specimen shouldbe presented including details on test section, grip section,fillets, radii, swaged portions, holes, and orientation of thefatigue test specimen with respect to the direction of maximumworking of the material. Whe
21、n reporting the test results ofnotched fatigue specimens, the geometry of the notch, itsdimensions and stress concentration factor, the method ofderivation of the stress concentration factor, and whether thestress concentration factor is based on the gross or net area ofthe test section should be pr
22、esented.5.3 Listing of Information on Specimen Preparation:5.3.1 The minimum information to be presented should list,in chronological order, the operations performed on the fatiguetest specimen, including the type of process used to form thespecimen (for example, milling, turning, grinding, etc.), t
23、her-mal treatment (for example, stress relieving, aging, etc.), andsurface treatment (for example, shot-peening, nitriding, coat-ing, etc.). If the final specimen surface treatment is polishing,the polishing sequence and direction should be listed. Ifdeterioration of the specimen surface is observed
24、 duringstorage, after preparation but prior to testing, the proceduresthat were used to eliminate the defects and changes, if any, inshape, dimensions, or mechanical properties should be listed.5.3.1.1 It is desirable but not required (unless by mutualconsent of the originator and user of the data)
25、to include detailsof the operations performed (for example, feed, speed, depth ofcut and coolants, thermal cycles, etc.), and the surface residualstresses of the specimen, if measured.5.3.2 Condition of Specimens Prior to Fatigue TestingIt isdesirable but not required to list the environment in whic
26、h thespecimens were stored, type of protection applied to thespecimens, and method used to remove that protection. It isdesirable but not required to list the average and range ofsurface roughness, surface hardness, out-of-flatness, out-of-straightness or warpage, or a combination thereof, of all fa
27、tiguespecimens.6. Listing of Information on Test Procedures6.1 Design of the Fatigue Test Program:6.1.1 If statistical techniques were used to design the fatiguetest program, the design plan and list of statistical techniques(for example, randomization of test sequence, blocking, etc.)used to accomm
28、odate expected or observed heterogeneitiesshould be presented. Statistical techniques are described inSTP 91 and STP 588.6.2 Fatigue Testing Machine:6.2.1 Minimum information to be presented should includethe type of testing machine, the functional characteristic (forexample, electrohydraulic, crank
29、 and lever, rotating mass, etc.),frequency of force application, and forcing function (forexample, sine, square, etc.). If tests were performed on morethan one machine, the number of testing machines used shouldbe listed.6.2.2 Minimum information should include the method ofdynamic force verificatio
30、n and force monitoring procedures.NOTE 2For guidance on axial force machines, refer to Practice E 467.6.3 Fatigue Test:6.3.1 Minimum information to be presented should includethe type of test (axial, rotary bending, plane bending, ortorsion), the derivation (or method of computation) of the testsect
31、ion dynamic stresses, and, when applicable, the experimen-tal stress analysis techniques (for example, electric resistancestrain gages, photoelastic coating, etc.) used. The failurecriterion and number of cycles to run-out used in the testprogram should be presented.6.3.1.1 It is desirable but not r
32、equired (unless by mutualconsent of the originator and user of the data) to include theprocedure for mounting the specimen in the testing machine,grip details, and precautions taken to ensure that stressesinduced by vibration, friction, eccentricity, etc., were negli-gible.6.4 Ambient Conditions Dur
33、ing the Fatigue TestMinimum information to be presented should include theaverage value and ranges of both temperature and relativehumidity that were observed in the laboratory during the testprogram.6.5 Results of Post-Test ExaminationMinimum informa-tion to be presented for each fatigue test speci
34、men shouldinclude the reason for test termination, either achievement ofthe failure criterion or run-out, and, if applicable, a descriptionof the failure surface appearance and location of the crackorigin.7. Presentation of Fatigue Test Results7.1 Tabular PresentationIt is desirable but not required
35、(unless by mutual consent of the originator and user of thedata) that the fatigue test results be reported in tabular form.When used, the tabular presentation should include specimenE 468 90 (2004)e12identification, test sequence (that is, chronological order oftesting), dynamic stresses (any two of
36、 the following: maxi-mum, minimum, mean, amplitude or range, and stress ratio),fatigue life or cycles to end of test, cause of test termination,and results of post-test examination (see 6.5), when applicable,for each fatigue test specimen. If test frequency varies fromspecimen to specimen, it should
37、 also be included in the tabularpresentation. If more than one machine was used, the tabularpresentation should also include machine identification foreach specimen.7.2 Graphical Presentation:7.2.1 S-N DiagramThe most common graphical presen-tation of fatigue test data is the S-N (stresslife) diagra
38、m, Fig.1. The dependent variable, fatigue life N in cycles, is plotted onthe abscissa, a logarithmic scale. The independent variable,maximum stress Smax, stress range Sr, or stress amplitude Sainpsi, ksi, MN/m2or MPa, is plotted on the ordinate, anarithmetic or logarithmic scale. A line is fitted by
39、 regressionanalysis or similar mathematical techniques to the fatigue data.The fatigue test results may be expressed adequately by twostraight lines, one of which is a horizontal line representing thefatigue limit (or fatigue strength at run-out), a hyperbola,asymptotic to the fatigue limit (or fati
40、gue strength at run-out),a sigmoid, asymptotic to both the tensile strength and thefatigue limit (or fatigue strength at run-out), or by a moregeneral curvilinear relation. If the data are fitted by regressionanalysis, the equation of the stress-life relation and concomi-tant statistical measures of
41、 dispersion (for example, standarderror of estimate) should be presented.NOTE 3The above described procedure develops the S-N diagram for50 % survival when the logarithms of the lives are described by a normaldistribution. However, similar procedures may be used to develop S-Ndiagrams for probabilit
42、ies of survival other than 50 %.7.2.1.1 Graphical presentation of the S-N diagram shouldinclude all of the test results as well as the faired or fitted curve.Minimum information to be presented on the S-N diagramshould include the designation, specification or proprietarygrade of the material, tensi
43、le strength, surface condition ofspecimen, stress concentration factor of notch when applicable,type of fatigue test, and citation of dynamic stress parameterheld constant during generation of the S-N curve data (forexample, in Fig. 1, stress ratio), test frequency, environment,and test temperature.
44、7.2.2 Constant Life DiagramsS-N diagrams present fa-tigue life as a function of stress. On the other hand, constantlife diagrams present the maximum and minimum stresses(Fig. 2) or the stress amplitude and mean stress (Fig. 3) for agiven fatigue life. A third type of constant life diagramsuperimpose
45、s the stress amplitude-mean stress diagram of Fig.3 on the maximum stress-minimum stress diagram of Fig. 2 byplotting stress amplitude on the ray R = 1 and mean stress onthe ray R =+1.FIG. 1 S-N DiagramE 468 90 (2004)e137.2.2.1 When a constant life diagram is presented, it shouldbe accompanied by th
46、e S-N diagrams from which it wasconstructed. Minimum information to be presented on aconstant-life diagram should include the designation, specifi-cation, or proprietary grade of the material, tensile strength,surface condition of specimen, stress concentration factor ofnotch when applicable, type o
47、f fatigue test, and fatigue life(cycles) for each constant life shown, test frequency, environ-ment, and test temperature.8. Example of Fatigue Data Presentation8.1 Data for axial force fatigue tests of A36 structuralcarbon steel are presented in a suggested form in the Appendix.FIG. 2 Constant-Life
48、 DiagramFIG. 3 Constant-Life DiagramE 468 90 (2004)e14APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SUGGESTED FORM FOR PRESENTATION OF FATIGUE TEST RESULTS OF METALLIC MATERIALSMATERIALGrade Designation: A36 Structural Carbon SteelHeat Number: 490T1481 Form of Product:38 in. (9.5 mm)thick plateMelting Pract
49、ice: Air-melted, semi-killed Surface Condi-tion: As-rolledLast Mechanical and Thermal Treatment: Hot-rolled andair-cooledChemical Composition: 0.22 % C, 0.52 % Mn, 0.008 % P,0.013 % S, 0.029 % CuTensile Strength: 63 000 psi (434 MPa) Yield Point: 37 800psi (261 MPa)Elongation: 40.1 % in 2-in. (51-mm) gage length.Reduction of Area: 64.8 %Remarks: ASTM micrograin size number, 8.5 (surface andcenter of plate). Mechanical test performed in accordance withTest Methods E 8, Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, onround tension test specimens, Fig. 8, Test Methods E
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