ASTM E505-2001(2011) 3750 Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings《铝和镁压铸件检验用标准射线参考照片》.pdf

1、Designation: E505 01 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Reference Radiographs forInspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the categories andseverity levels of discontinuities that may occur in

3、 aluminum-alloy and magnesium-alloy die castings. They are intended toprovide:1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of discontinuities andtheir differentiation both as to type and severity level throughradiographic examination.1.1.2 Example radiographic illustrations of discontinuitiesand a nomenclatur

4、e for reference in acceptance standards,specifications, and drawings.1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1The set

5、of reference radiographs consists of five 812 by 11-in.cardboard frames containing radiographs covering discontinuities inaluminum and magnesium alloy die castings. The first four frames eachcontain two sets of four graded levels of increasing severity, while the lastframe contains two ungraded radi

6、ographs. The 5 frames are contained ina1012 by 1112-in. ring binder.NOTE 2Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magne-sium castings up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness are contained in ASTMReference Radiographs E155, for Inspection of Aluminum and Magne-sium Castings, Volumes I and II.1.2 Tw

7、o kinds of illustration categories are covered asfollows:1.2.1 GradedThree discontinuity categories for alumi-num die castings and three discontinuity categories for mag-nesium die castings, each illustrated in four levels of progres-sively increasing severity. Category A discontinuities areillustra

8、ted for aluminum and magnesium die castings havingthicknesses of18 in. (3.2 mm) and58 in. (15.9 mm); CategoryB discontinuities are illustrated for18-in. thick aluminum andmagnesium die castings; and Category C discontinuities areillustrated for58-in. thick aluminum and magnesium diecastings.1.2.2 Un

9、gradedOne illustration of one discontinuity for0.20-in. (5.1-mm) thickness aluminum die casting; and oneillustration of one discontinuity for18-in. (3.2-mm) thicknessmagnesium die casting.1.3 This document may be used for other materials, thick-nesses, or with other energy levels for which it has be

10、en foundto be applicable and agreement has been reached between thepurchaser and manufacturer.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra

11、ctices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminumand Magnesium CastingsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASTM Adjunct

12、s:Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum andMagnesium Die Castings33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this docu-ment, see Terminology E1316.4. Appearance of Radiographic Indications4.1 The following descriptions are for use in discontinuityidentification and clas

13、sification. These descriptions apply tothese reference radiographs only.4.1.1 Category A (Porosity)Round or elongated, smooth-edged dark spots occurring individually distributed or inclusters.4.1.2 Category B (Cold Fill)A distinct darkened line orband of variable length and definite smooth outline,

14、usuallycontinuous or interconnected.1These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeE07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE07.02 on Reference Radiological Images.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallya

15、pproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E505 - 01(2006). DOI:10.1520/E0505-01R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do

16、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order RRE0505.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.3 Category C (Shrinkage)Filamentary or jagged dark-ened areas, usually continuous or intercon

17、nected.4.1.4 Category D (Foreign Material) Isolated irregularvariation in film density, either lighter or darker than surround-ing areas. They may indicate the inclusion of oxide or dross ormetallic compounds of different density. Illustration shows amore dense material.5. Significance and Use5.1 Th

18、ese radiographs are so designed that acceptancestandards, which may be developed for particular require-ments, can be specified in terms of these radiographs. Theradiographs are of castings that were produced under condi-tions designed to produce the discontinuities. These referenceradiographs are i

19、ntended to be used for casting thicknessranges in accordance with Table 1.5.2 The radiographic illustrations listed in Table 1 illustratethree types of discontinuities in four severity levels. Twoungraded illustrations have been included to establish theradiographic appearance of foreign material.5.

20、3 These reference radiographs were produced in accor-dance with Guide E94. All of the references are originalradiographs.5.4 Film DeteriorationRadiographic films are subject towear and tear from handling and use. The extent to which theimage deteriorates over time is a function of storage condi-tion

21、s, care in handling and amount of use. Reference radio-graph films are no exception and may exhibit a loss in imagequality over time. The radiographs should therefore be peri-odically examined for signs of wear and tear, includingscratches, abrasions, stains, and so forth. Any reference radio-graphs

22、 which show signs of excessive wear and tear whichcould influence the interpretation and use of the radiographsshould be replaced.6. Basis for Application6.1 These reference radiographs may be applied as accep-tance standards tailored to the end use of the product. Appli-cation of these reference ra

23、diographs as acceptance standardsshould be based on the intended use of the product and thefollowing considerations (see Note 3):6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, discontinuities of equal orlesser severity than that in the specified reference radiographare acceptable in any specified unit area of th

24、e casting. The sizeof the unit area should be specified in the acceptance criteria.Discontinuities more severe than those in the specified refer-ence radiograph shall be considered rejectable.6.1.2 Any combination or portion of these reference radio-graphs may be used as is relevant to the particula

25、r application.Different grades or acceptance limits may be specified for eachdiscontinuity type. Further, different grades may be specifiedfor various regions or zones of the component.6.1.3 Special consideration may be required where morethan one discontinuity type is present in the same area. Anym

26、odification of the acceptance criteria required on the basis ofmultiple discontinuity types must be specified.6.1.4 Where the reference radiograph contains multiplediscontinuities, as in that case of gas holes, acceptance may bebased upon the aggregate area of the discontinuities, themaximum discont

27、inuity size in the reference radiograph, thespacing between discontinuities, or a combination of these orother criteria, or both.6.1.5 As a minimum the acceptance criteria should containinformation addressing; zoning of the part (if applicable),acceptance severity level for each discontinuity type,

28、and thespecific area to which the reference radiographs are to beapplied.NOTE 3Caution should be exercised in specifying the acceptancecriteria to be met in the casting. Casting design coupled with foundrypractice should be considered. It is advisable to consult with themanufacturer or foundry befor

29、e establishing the acceptance criteria toensure the desired quality level can be achieved.7. Keywords7.1 aluminum; die castings; discontinuities; magnesium;reference radiographs; X-rayTABLE 1 Reference Radiographs for Aluminum and Magnesium Die CastingsDiscontinuityPlate Thickness,in. (mm)Applicable

30、 CastingThickness,in. (mm)Aluminum Die CastingsCategory A (Porosity)18 (3.2) up to38 (9.5), inclCategory A (Porosity)58 (15.9) over38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCategory B (Cold fill)18 (3.2) up to38 (9.5), inclCategory C (Shrinkage)58 (15.9) over38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCategory D (Foreignmaterial)0.2

31、00 (5.08) up to 1 (25.4), inclMagnesium Die CastingsCategory A (Porosity)18 (3.2) up to38 (9.5), inclCategory A (Porosity)58 (15.9) over38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCategory B (Cold fill)18 (3.2) up to38 (9.5), inclCategory C (Shrinkage)58 (15.9) over38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCategory D (Foreignmateria

32、l)18 (3.2) up to 1 (25.4), inclE505 01 (2011)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, a

33、nd the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revis

34、ion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you s

35、houldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E505 01 (2011)3