ASTM E524-2006 Standard Specification for Standard Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests《路面防滑试验用标准光滑轮胎用标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: E 524 06Standard Specification forStandard Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe standard smooth tire for pavement testing. The tire coveredby this s

3、pecification is intended for evaluation of tire-pavementfriction.1.2 The terminology in this specification is consistent withDefinitions E 867.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 297 Test Methods for Rubber Products

4、ChemicalAnalysisD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 1054 Test Method for Rubber PropertyResilience Us-ing a Goodyear-Healey Rebound PendulumD 1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used inRubber ProductsD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerH

5、ardnessD 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsE 867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 The individual standard tires shall conform to the designstandards of Sect

6、ion 5. Dimensions, weights, and permissiblevariations are given in Section 5 and in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.3.2 Tread compounding, fabric processing, and all steps intire manufacturing shall be certified to ensure that the specifi-cations are met.3.3 A small raised guideline shall be molded on the tiresho

7、ulder area to provide a rapid visual check as to whether themaximum wear level for testing has been reached. Tires shouldactually be removed from service as recommended in 11.5. Themarking on the tire, as suggested in Fig. 1, and curb ribs shallbe molded on both sides of the tire.3.4 Fig. 1 is a pho

8、tograph of the standard tire and Fig. 2 isa cross section of a typical tire.33.5 Tire should be mounted so that t is rotated in thedirection of the arrow on the side of the tire. See Fig. 1.4. Material Requirements4.1 The compounding formulation for the tread portion ofthe tire is given in Table 1.4

9、.2 FabricThe fabric shall be polyester body or carcassplies and fiber glass belt plies.NOTE 1Certain proprietary products have been specified since exactduplication of properties of the finished tire may not be achieved withother similar products. This inclusion does not in any way comprise arecomme

10、ndation for these proprietary products nor against similar prod-ucts of other manufacturers, nor does it imply any superiority over anysuch similar products.5. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations5.1 GeneralDetails of dimensions are listed as followsand are shown in Fig. 2. When tolerance

11、s are not specified, tiredimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances.5.1.1 Design and ConstructionThe tire shall be a sizeG78-15 tubeless type, belted bias construction (two body pliesplus two belt plies). The tread width shall be 5.85 in. (148.6mm) and the cross-sectional tread radius

12、 shall be 15.50 6 2.0in. (393.76 50.8 mm). The tread shall have a thickness of0.385 in. (9.8 mm) and an under tread thickness of 0.10 in. (2.5mm). The tire shall have a recommended cross-section widthof 8.35 in. (212.1 mm) and a recommended section height of6.34 in. (161.0 mm) when mounted on a Tire

13、 and RimAssociation 15x6JJ rim. The cured crown angles shall be 33 62 for the body plies, and 27 6 2 for the belt plies.5.1.2 Wear IndicatorsA visual wear guideline shall belocated on the shoulder of the tire 0.22 in. (5.6 mm) from thetread surface as shown in Fig. 2.1The specification is under the

14、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.24 on Tireand Slider Characteristics.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 524 88 (20

15、00).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Specification E 524 tire is available from Specialty Tir

16、es of America, P.O. Box749, 1600 Washington St., Indiana, PA 15701. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.1

17、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Workmanship6.1 Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship andmaterials.7. Physical Requirements7.1 The physical and mechanical test requirements are givenin Table 2.8. Test Methods

18、8.1 Tensile Sheet CuresPractice D 3182.8.2 Modulus (300 %)Test Methods D 412.8.3 Tensile Sheet DurometerTest Method D 2240, using aType A Shore durometer.8.4 Restored Energy (Rebound or Resilience)Test MethodD 1054.8.5 Specific GravityMethods D 297.8.6 Tensile StrengthTest Methods D 412.8.7 Elongati

19、onTest Methods D 412.8.8 Tire Tread DurometerTest Method D 2240, in addi-tion to the following procedures:8.8.1 Use a Type A durometer. (A 0.5-in. (12.7-mm) diam-eter presser foot, Shore, Code XAHAF is recommended.)8.8.2 The durometer shall be calibrated at a reading of 60hardness.8.8.3 Condition th

20、e tire and durometer to equilibrium at73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) before determining tread hardness.8.8.4 The tire tread hardness is to be determined by aver-aging at least one set of 6 readings. A set should consist ofreadings taken at equally spaced intervals across the tread. It isrecommended that addi

21、tional sets of readings be taken aroundthe tread circumference.8.8.5 Apply presser foot to the tire tread as rapidly aspossible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the treadsurface. Apply just sufficient pressure to obtain firm contactbetween presser foot and tire tread surface. Read the dur

22、ometerscale within 1 s after presser foot is in contact with the tiretread, but after initial maximum transient which may occurimmediately after contact is made.FIG. 1 Test TireFIG. 2 Tire Section, Including Inflated Tire DimensionsTABLE 1 Formulation of Oil Extended Styrene-Butadiene BlendRubber (S

23、BR) TreadMaterial Parts by Mass (Weight)SBR 1712A89.38BR 1208B35.00Zinc oxide 3.00Stearic acid 2.00Paraffinic wax 2.006PPDC2.00N339D75.00Highly aromatic oil 9.00TBBSE1.10DPGF0.10Sulfur 1.80AStyrene-butadiene rubber (23.5% styrene) 37.5 parts of high-aromatic oil.BHigh cis-poly butadiene with 37.5 pa

24、rts of high-aromatic oil. (CB441 has beendetermined to be equivalent.)CSantoflex 13, dimethyl butylphenyl phenylenediamine.DN339 Carbon Black, see D1765.ESantocure NS, butyl benzothiozole sulfenamide.FDPG, diphenyl quanidine.TABLE 2 Physical Requirements of Tread CompoundTensile sheet cure at 300F (

25、149C), min 30300 % modulus, psi (MPa) 1000 6 200Specific gravity 1.13 6 0.02Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 2000Elongation, min, % 500Tire tread durometer 58 6 2E5240629. Certification9.1 Tires are to be inflated and measured prior to shipment.Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish the purcha

26、sercertification that the test tire meets this specification.9.2 All tires under certification shall be subject to manufac-turers normal variation.10. Preservation10.1 Tires shall be kept dry under ordinary atmosphericconditions in subdued light, 70 6 25F (21 6 13.8C). Tiresshould not be stored near

27、 electric motors, welders, or otherozone generating equipment.11. Recommendations for Tire Use and OperationalRequirements11.1 The tire is for skid testing only and is not designed forgeneral highway service. Necessary transporting of test equip-ment should be on commercial tires.11.2 A new tire bre

28、ak in of 200 miles (320 km) min shouldbe made on tires by the purchaser before using the tire fortesting.11.3 The tire shall be operated with not less than 24 psi (165kPa) inflation.11.4 The recommended static test load on the tire shall be1085 lbf (4826 N), with loading to a maximum of 1380 lbf(613

29、8 N) permissible, at 24 psi (165 kPa) inflation.11.5 When irregular wear or damage results from tests orwhen the tire is worn to the wear line, the use of the tire as astandard test tire shall be discontinued.11.6 CautionMeasured friction force and skid number(SN) may be influenced by tire tread har

30、dness. The magnitudeof this dependence is a function of the water depth, pavementcharacteristics, test speed, and tire aging effects.12. Keywords12.1 skid number; skid trailer; skid-resistance; smooth tire;tire-pavement friction; water depthASTM International takes no position respecting the validit

31、y of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject

32、 to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarter

33、s. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard i

34、s copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E524063