1、Designation: E603 12bE603 13 An American National StandardStandard Guide forRoom Fire Experiments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide has been written to assist those planning to conduct full-scale compartment fireexperiments. There are many issues that sh
3、ould be resolved before such an experimental program isinitiated, and this guide is written with the objective of identifying some of these issues and presentingconsiderations that will affect each choice of procedure.This guide deals with any or all stages of fire growth in a compartment. Whether i
4、t is a single- ormulti-room experiment, observations can be made from ignition to flashover or beyond full-roominvolvement.One major reason for conducting research on room fires is to learn about the room fire buildupprocess so the results of standard fire test methods can be related to performance
5、in full-scale roomfires, allowing the further refinement of these test methods or development of new ones.Another reason concerns computer fire modeling. Full-scale tests can generate data needed formodeling. Comparisons of modeling with full-scale test results can serve to validate the model.The va
6、rious results among room fire tests reflect different experimental conditions.The intent of thisguide is to identify these conditions and discuss their effects so meaningful comparisons can be madeamong the room fire experiments conducted by various organizations.1. Scope1.1 This guide addresses mea
7、ns of conducting full-scale fire experiments that evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics ofmaterials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.2 It is intended as a guide for the design of the experiment and for the use and interpretation of its results. The guide is alsousefu
8、l for establishing laboratory conditions that simulate a given set of fire conditions to the greatest extent possible.1.3 This guide allows users to obtain fire-test-response characteristics of materials, products, or assemblies, which are usefuldata for describing or appraising their fire performan
9、ce under actual fire conditions.1.3.1 The results of experiments conducted in accordance with this guide are also useful elements for making regulatorydecisions regarding fire safety requirements. The use for regulatory purposes of data obtained from experiments conducted usingthis guide requires th
10、at certain conditions and criteria be specified by the regulating authority.1.4 The rationale for conducting room fire experiments in accordance with this guide is shown in 1.5-1.81.5 Room fire experiments are a means of generating input data for computer fire models and for providing output data wi
11、thwhich to compare modeling results.1.6 One of the major reasons for conducting room fire experiments is as an experimental means of assessing the potential firehazard associated with the use of a material or product in a particular application. This should be borne in mind when designingnonstandard
12、 experiments.1.7 A rationale for conducting room fire experiments is the case when smaller-scale fire tests inadequately represent end-useapplications.1.8 A further rationale for conducting room fire experiments is to verify the results obtained with smaller scale tests, tounderstand the scaling par
13、ameters for such tests.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and CombustionProducts.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2012September 2013. Originally approved
14、 in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asE603 - 12a.E603 - 12b. DOI: 10.1520/E0603-12B.10.1520/E0603-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not
15、 be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.9 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories: reconstruction, simulation, research, and standardization.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and f
17、lame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
18、 use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood
19、-Base MaterialsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersD5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables WhenBurning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD5537 Test Method for Heat Rel
20、ease, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During FiresE906 Test Meth
21、od for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile MethodE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread PropertiesE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE
22、1355 Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire ModelsE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry
23、Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies2.2 UL Standards:3UL 1040 Fire Test of Insulated Wall ConstructionUL 1715 Fire Test of Interior Finish Material2.3 ICBO Standards:4Uniform Building Code Standard UBC 8-2 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Roo
24、m Fire Growth Contribution of TextileWallcoveringsUniform Building Code Standard UBC 26-3 Room Fire Test Standard for Interior of Foam Plastic Systems2.4 FM Standard:5FM 4880 Large Scale Open Building Corner Test2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Fire Tests for Surface ProductsISO
25、 13943 Fire SafetyVocabularyISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration LaboratoriesGUM, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement2.6 NFPA Standards:7NFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall CoveringsNFPA
26、 286 Standard Method of Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire GrowthNFPA 555 Guide on Methods for Evaluating Potential for Room Flashover2.7 Other Standard:8DASMA 107 -98 (03) Room Fire Test Standard for Garage Doors Using Foam Plastic Insulation2 For ref
27、erencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., N
28、orthbrook, IL 60062.4 Available from International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 Workman Mill Rd. Whittier, CA 90601.5 Available from Factory Mutual Research Corporation, 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, P.O. Box 9102, Norwood, MA 02662.6 Available from International Organization for Standa
29、rdization, P.O. Box 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.7 Available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.8 Available from Door and Access Systems Manufacturers Association International, 1300 Summer Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115-2851.E603 1323. Terminology3.1
30、Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the terminology in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 heat release rate, nthe thermal energy released per unit ti
31、me by an item during combustion under specified conditions.3.1.3 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression of the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released.3.1.4 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmission by smoke, as measured by light atten
32、uation.3.1.5 total heat released, nintegrated value of the rate of heat release, for a specified time period.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 full-scale test, na test in which the product(s) to be tested is utilized in the same size as in its end use.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn prac
33、tical applications, this term is usually applied to tests where the item to be tested is larger than would fit in a bench-scaletest.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide does not define a standard room fire test. It does, however, set down many of the considerations for such a test,for example, room siz
34、e and shape, ventilation, specimen description, ignition source, instrumentation, and safety considerationsthat must be decided on in the design of a room fire experiment. It discusses performance criteria for the particular array offinishing and furnishing products that comprise the room. The behav
35、ior of any particular product in the room depends on the otherproducts and materials present and how they are arranged in relation to one another.4.2 Whether a particular arrangement simulates the evaluation desired depends on the size and location of the ignition source.It is therefore important th
36、at the ignition source simulate, insofar as possible, an initiating fire for the desired scenario.4.3 The main criterion suggested in this guide for evaluating fire performance is based on the time to flashover as indicated bythe time at which the radiation flux at the center of the floor exceeds 20
37、 kW/mis often considered (for example in room-corner tests)the time from the start of test until any two 2. Other suggested indicators of flashover include an average upper air temperaturein excess of 600C and the ignition of a cotton indicator. Other possible performance criteria include the total
38、amount or rate ofsmoke and heat production, extent of the flame spread for a low-energy ignition source, and size of the primary ignition sourcerequired to produce flashover.of the following conditions have been attained:(1) The heat release rate exceeds 1 MW in a standard ASTM/ISO room (sixed 2.4 b
39、y 3.7 by 2.4 m; 8 by 12 by 8 ft). Thiscriterion is the first criterion used by room corner tests such as NFPA 286.(2) The heat flux on the compartment floor exceeds 20 kW/m2.(3) The average upper air temperature exceeds 600C.(4) Flames exit the compartment door.(5) Radiant heat ignition of a cellulo
40、sic (cotton or paper) indicator on the floor occurs.4.3.1 Other possible performance criteria indicating flashover include the total amount or rate of smoke and heat released, theextent of the flame spread for a low-energy ignition source, and the size of the primary ignition source required.4.3.2 W
41、here multi-room experiments are being conducted, flashover may not be an appropriate performance criteria. In fact, theexperiments may have to be conducted beyond flashover. Post-flashover is usually required in the test room in order to observehigh levels of toxic gases and smoke in remote rooms or
42、 flame spread in adjoining surface areas. Other performance criteria couldbe the levels of combustion products that impair visibility and cause incapacitation or lethality in remote rooms.4.4 Primary ignition sources include gas burners, wood cribs, waste containers, and pools of liquid fuel. Waste
43、containers andwood cribs have the advantage of presenting a solid fuel fire with some feedback effects and a luminous flame that appears tosimulate the burning of furniture. However, the gas burner is the best choice for most fire experiments because of itsreproducibility. The placement of the ignit
44、ion source depends on the desired effect on the target material.4.5 The instrumentation for measuring burning rate, heat release rate, heat flux, temperature, upper layer depth, air velocity,flame spread, smoke, and gas concentration is discussed, along with suggested locations. A minimum level of i
45、nstrumentation isalso suggested.4.6 A typical compartment size is 2.4 by 3.7 m 8 by 12 ft, with a 2.4-m 8-ft high ceiling. A standard-size doorway (0.80 by2.0-m high) should be located in one wall, probably in one of the shorter ones. The top of the doorway should be at least 0.4 m16 in. down from t
46、he ceiling to partially contain smoke and hot gases.E603 1334.7 Insofar as possible, the construction details of the wall and ceiling, as well as any enclosed insulation, should duplicate theroom being simulated. Boundary surfaces that do not form the specimen should also be constructed of materials
47、 consistent withthe room being simulated (see 6.2.3).4.8 The safety of observers and the crew extinguishing the fire is emphasized strongly in this guide.4.9 The analysis of data should include a comparison of the critical times, heat fluxes, temperatures, heat release rate, and smokegeneration in t
48、he room with ignition, flame spread, and smoke properties of the specimen materials. This would aid in thedevelopment or modification of small-scale tests and would provide useful information for assisting in the development ofanalytical room fire models.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide provide
49、s assistance for planning room fire tests. The object of each experiment is to evaluate the role of amaterial, product, or system in the fire growth within one or more compartments.5.2 The relationship between laboratory fire test methods and actual room fires can be investigated by the use of full-scale andreduced-scale experiments. This guide is aimed at establishing a basis for conducting full-scale experiments for the study of roomfire growth.5.3 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories: reconstruction, simulation, research and standardization.5.
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