1、Designation: E617 97 (Reapproved 2008)E617 13Standard Specification forLaboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers weights and mass standards used in laboratories, specifically classes 000, 00, 0, 1, 2
3、, 3, 4, 5, 6 and7. This specification replaces National Bureau of Standards Circular 547, Section 1,1, which is out of print.1.2 This specification further recognizes that International Recommendation R111 exists, that describes classes E1, E2, F1, F2,M1, M2 and M3. Users may choose to reference eit
4、her R111 or this specification, depending on requirements.1.2 This specification contains the principal physical characteristics and metrological requirements for weights that are used.1.2.1 For the verification of weighing instruments;1.2.2 For the verificationcalibration of weights of a lower clas
5、s of accuracy; and1.2.3 With weighing instruments.1.3 Tolerances Maximum Permissible Errors (formerly tolerances) and design restrictions for each class are described in orderthat both individual weights or sets of weights can be chosen for appropriate applications.1.4 The values stated in SI units
6、are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 Weight manufacturers must be able to provide evidence that all new weights comply with specifications in this standard(e.g., material, density, magnetism, surface finish, mass values, uncertainties). Statements of compliance by calibration laboratoriesduring su
7、bsequent calibrations must meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025, 5.10.4.2 and indicate on the calibration report whichsections have or have not been assessed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standard:B 46.1-1995 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay) an American National Standard22.
8、1 ISO Standards:2International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology 1993, VIM,ISO/IEC 17025 Geneve, SwitzerlandGeneralRequirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (2005)Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement2ISO/DIS 4287-1, Edition 01-Jun-95, G
9、eometric Product Specification (GPS), Determination of Surface Texture by ProfilingMethods, Part 1: Terms, Definitions and Parameters21 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on Laboratory Apparatusand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.06 on WeighingDevices
10、.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008May 1, 2013. Published February 2009July 2013. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 asE617 97 (2003).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/E0617-97R08.10.1520/E0617-13.2 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St
11、., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.International Organization forStandardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicatio
12、n of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consid
13、ered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 NCSL Standards:NCSL Glossary of MetrologyRelated Terms3NCSL Recommended Practice-12 Determining and Reporting Measurement Uncertainties3ANSI/NCSL-Z540-1-19
14、94 American National Standard for Calibration-Calibration Laboratories and Measuring and TestEquipment General Requirements32.2 NIST Standards:3NIST NVLAP Draft Handbook 150-2143 National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program Calibration LaboratoriesTechnical GuideState Weights and Measures Lab
15、oratories Program Handbook (2007)NIST SP 811 Guide for the Use of the International System of Unit (SI) 2008 EditionNIST NVLAP Handbook 150SP 1038 National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP), NIST Handbook 150,Procedures and General RequirementsThe International System of Units (SI)
16、Conversion Factors for General Use (May2006)NISTIR 5672 Advanced Mass Calibration and Measurement Assurance Program for State Calibration Laboratories (2012)NISTIR 6969 Selected Laboratory and Measurement Practices to Support Basic Mass Calibrations (2012)NIST Technical Note 1297 (1994) Guidelines f
17、or Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results2.3 OIML Standard:Standards:4OIML Recommendation 33D 28 Conventional Value of the Result of Weighing in Air (2004)OIML R1111e04 Weights of classes E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M12, M2, M23 and M3 Part 1: Metrological and TechnicalRequire
18、ments (2004)2.4 BIPM Standards:VIM: JCGM 200:2012 International Vocabulary of MetrologyBasic and General Concepts and Associated TermsGUM: JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement DataGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement2.5 EURAMET Standards:EURAMET/cg-18/V. 3.0 Guidelines on the Cal
19、ibration of Non-Automatic Weighing Intruments (2011)2.6 Additional Reference Documents:CIPM-2007 Revised Formula for the Density of Moist Air, A. Picard, R. S. Davis, M. Glaser, and K. Fujii3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accuracy class of weightsa class of wei
20、ghts that meets certain metrological requirements intended to keep the errorswithin specified limits.3.1.2 balanceinstument indicating apparent mass that is sensitive to the following forces:Fg5mgForce due to gravityFb5vag5m agAir buoyancy equal to the weight of the displaced air.Fz5oeeev(M1H)Hz dVV
21、ertical component of the magnetic interaction between the weight and the bal-ance or the environment, or both.H and M are vectors; z is the vertical cartesian coordinate. If magnetic effects are negligible, i.e. the permanent magnetiza-tion (M) of the weight and the magnetic susceptibility () are su
22、fficiently small, and the balance is calibrated with referenceweights of well-known mass, the balance can be used to indicate the conventional mass, mc, of a body under conventionallychosen conditions.3.1.3 calibrationcalibration (of weights)the acts of determining the mass difference between a stan
23、dard of known massvalue and an “unknown” test weight or set of weights, establishing the mass value and conventional mass value of the“unknown”,“unknown,” and of determining a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty to be assigned to the stated mass orconventional mass value of the “unknown”, or bo
24、th. Set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationshipbetween values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measureor a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by standards.“unknown,” or
25、 both, and providing metrologicaltraceability to the “unknown.”4 Available from Organisation Internationale de Metrologie Legale, 11 Rue Turgot, 75009 Paris, France.3 Available from NCSL, National Conference of Standards Laboratories, 1800 30th Street, Suite 305B, Boulder, Colorado 80301.Institute o
26、f Standards and Technology(NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.4 Available from NIST/NVLAP, National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899. HB 150 available on-line: http:/ts.nist.gov/nvlap and Technical Note 1297
27、 available on-line: http:/physics.nist.gov/Pubs/guidelines/outline.html.E617 1323.1.3.1 calibration (generally)set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values ofquantities indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by
28、a material measure or a referencematerial, and the corresponding values realized by standards.3.1.3 certificate of tolerance testdocument that certifies that the subject weights are within specified tolerances.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIf traceability is claimed, some level of uncertainty must be addressed.
29、3.1.4 certificate or report of calibrationcalibration certificatedocument that presents calibration results and otherinformation relevant tocertificate issued by calibration laboratories to document the results of a calibration.3.1.5 conventional massconventional value of the result of weighing in a
30、ir, in accordance to International RecommendationOIML R 33. D 28. For a weight taken at 20C, the conventional mass is the mass of a reference weight of a density of 8000 kg/m3which it balances in air of density of 1.2 kg/m3.3.1.5.1 DiscussionFormerly known as apparent mass versus 8.0 g/cm3.3.1.6 cor
31、rectionmass values are traditionally expressed by two numbers, one being the nominal mass of the weight, and thesecond being a correction. The mass of the weight is the assigned nominal value plus the assigned correction. Positive correctionsindicate that the weight embodies more mass than is indica
32、ted by the assigned nominal value. Negative corrections indicate thatthe weight embodies less mass than is indicated by the assigned nominal value. The correction is equivalent to the “error.”3.1.7 international prototype kilogramthe platinum-iridium cylinder maintained at the International Bureau o
33、f Weights andMeasures (BIPM), at Sevres, France with an internationally accepted defined mass of 1 kg.3.1.8 magnetismeffect that generates an attractive or repulsive force.3.1.8.1 (volume) magnetic susceptibility ()measure of the ability of a medium to modify a magnetic field. It is related to thema
34、gnetic permeability () by the relation: /0 = 1 + . The quantity /0 is sometimes referred to as the relative permeability, r.3.1.8.2 (permanent) magnetization (M)parameter that specifies a magnetic state of material bodies such as weights, in theabsense of an external magnetic field (most generally,
35、magnetization is a vecotr whose magnitude and direction are not necessarilyconstant within the material). The magnetization of a body generates an inhomogeneous magnetic field in space and thus mayproduce magnetic forces on other materials.3.1.9 massphysical quantity, which can be ascribed to any ma
36、terial object and which gives a measure of its quantity of matter.The unit of mass is the kilogram.3.1.10 maximum permissible errorsthe maximum amount by which the sum of the conventional mass of the weight, itsdeviation from nominal value and its associated uncertainty is allowed to deviate from th
37、e assigned nominal value.3.1.11 metrological traceabilityproperty of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a reference through adocumented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty. Metrological traceability requiresan established calibratio
38、n hierarchy. Elements for confirming metrological traceability to be an unbroken chain to an internationalmeasurement standard or a national measurement standard (IPK or NPS), shall include a documented measurement uncertainty,a documented measurement procedure, accredited technical competence, metr
39、ological traceability to the SI, and establishedcalibration intervals (see current VIM: JCGM 200).3.1.12 reference standarda standard, generally of the highest metrological quality available at a given location, from whichmeasurements made at that location are derived.3.1.13 roughness parameter or R
40、-parameter (Ra or Rz)parameter that describes the assessed roughness profile of a sample.The letter R is indicative of the type of assessed profile, in this case R for roughness profile. The assessed profile of a sample canbe in terms of different profile types: a roughness profile or R-parameter, p
41、rimary profile or P-parameter, a waviness profile orW-parameter.3.1.14 set of weightsa series of weights, usually presented in a case so arranged to make possible any weighing of all loadsbetween the mass of the weight with the smallest nominal value and the sum of the masses of all weights of the s
42、eries with aprogression in which the mass of the smallest nominal value weight constitutes the smallest step of the series.3.1.15 temperature (t)in degrees Celsius, is related to the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, called the Kelvin scale,by t = T 273.15 K.3.1.16 tolerance (adjustment tole
43、rance test weight (mtor maximum permissible errors)the maximum amount by which theconventional mass of the weight is allowed to deviate from the assigned nominal value.weight that is to be tested according to thisstandard.E617 1333.1.17 tolerance testverification that the conventional mass of the we
44、ights and their corresponding uncertainties as tested arecorrect within the maximum permissible errors of the respective weight class.3.1.12 traceabilityproperty of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to statedreferences, usually national or international
45、 standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties.73.1.12.1 DiscussionFor more information see 3.1.14.3.1.18 uncertaintynon-negative parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the characterizingthe dispersion of the values that could
46、reasonably be attributed to the measurand.quantity values being attributed to a measurand,The range of values within which the true value is estimated to lie.based on the information used.3.1.19 unitsthe units used are: (1) for mass, the milligram (mg), the gram (g) and the kilogram (kg); (2) for de
47、nsity, thekilogram per cubic meter (kg m3).3.1.20 U.S. National prototype standardplatinumiridiumplatinum-iridium kilogram identified as K20, maintained at theNational Institute of Standards and Technology, with value assigned relative to the International Prototype Kilogram provides theUnited State
48、s access to the mass unit.3.1.21 weight (mass standard)weighta material measure of mass, regulated in regard to its physical and metrologicalcharacteristics: shape, dimension,dimensions, material, surface quality, nominal value, density, magnetic properties and maximumpermissible error.3.1.15.1 Disc
49、ussionNot to be confused with a gravitational force.NOTE 1The term “weight” is also used as the physical quantity of the gravitational force of a body. From the context it is usually clear in which sensethe term is used. If the sense is not clear, one may use the words “weight force” or “weight piece,” depending on its meaning.3.2 Symbols:Symbol Unit DefinitionA represents weighing the referenceweight in a weighing cycleB represents weighing the test weight ina weighing cycleC correction factor for air
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