1、Designation: E805 12aStandard Practice forIdentification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumentalmeasurement of color or color difference f
3、or current commu-nication or for future reference. The practice is applicable toinstrumental measurements of materials where color is seen byreflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations ofone or more of these processes. The practice is recommendedfor documentation of methodology in i
4、nterlaboratory color-measurement programs.1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumentalmeasure of color or color-difference involves documenting themetadata necessary for archiving and future use of the mea-surement data collected. The metadata can be divided in fiveparts:1.2.1 Nature
5、and source of available samples and the formof specimens actually measured,1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, includinginstrument geometrical and spectral conditions of measure-ment,1.2.3 Standards used,1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and1.2.5 Color scales employed.1.3 This standard doe
6、s not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.
7、1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD1
8、544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids(Gardner Color Scale)D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using TristimulusColorimetryD6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and
9、 RelatedProducts (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties ofMaterials3E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder WhiteReflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemisphericaland Bi-Direc
10、tional GeometriesE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE SystemE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-mens Using the O
11、ne-Monochromator MethodE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data forObject-Color EvaluationE1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-ColorSpecimens by Spectrophotometry3E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1345 Practice f
12、or Reducing the Effect of Variability ofColor Measurement by Use of Multiple MeasurementsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-trophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1349 Test Method for Refle
13、ctance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45)Geometry1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color andAppearance Analysis.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. P
14、ublished August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E805 12. DOI:10.1520/E0805-12A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
15、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E1708 Practice for Electroni
16、c Interchange of Color andAppearance DataE1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observa-tion and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance ofMaterialsE2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of FluorescentObjects from Bispectral Photometric DataE2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photom
17、etric Datafor Evaluation of Fluorescent ColorE2175 Practice for Specifying the Geometry of MultiangleSpectrophotometersE2194 Practice for Multiangle Color Measurement of MetalFlake Pigmented MaterialsE2729 Practice for Rectification of SpectrophotometricBandpass Differences2.2 Other Standard Documen
18、ts:CIE Publication 51 A Method for Assessing the Quality ofDaylight Simulators for Colorimetry4DIN 6176 Farbmetrische, Bestimmung von Farbabstndebie Krperfarben nach der DIN99Formel53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 are applicableto this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spe
19、cific to This Standard:3.3 metadata, nstructered information that describes, ex-plains, locates, and otherwise makes it easier to retrieve anduse an information resource (6).6NOTE 1In the case of color and color difference measurements, thedata about the instrument, the measurement procedure, the tr
20、eatment ofthe specimen, identification of color scale and the calculations are to beincluded in the metadata.4. Significance and Use4.1 The options available in methods for the measurementof color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in:(1) specimens, (2) geometric and spectral proper
21、ties of instru-ments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4) procedurefor sample handling including conditioning, (5) procedure fortaking data, and (6) equations for converting instrumental datato final results. Once the measurements have been made, it isessential to document what has been do
22、ne for the purpose ofinterlaboratory comparisons, or for future use. A sample formis provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying information appli-cable to any instrumental method of color or color-differencemeasurement.4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345,E1708, E1767, E2152, and E219
23、4 and Test Methods D5386,D6166, E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specificdetails of measurements.5. Identification of Samples and Specimens5.1 Identification of Samples and Specimens:5.1.1 Identify samples by material and form, together withmarkings or document identification.5.1.2 Mark ea
24、ch specimen with a serial number or letter, andother identifying markings.5.2 Description of SpecimensFor specific forms of speci-mens, additional identification shall be included:5.2.1 Solid sheet or web, specify thickness and backingmaterial.5.2.2 Powder or granular substance (packed or poured); i
25、fplaced behind window, state material and thickness.5.2.3 Fiber or yarn, describe form, type of transparentspecimen window (if used), pressure on backing plate.5.2.4 Paste (if placed behind window), state material andthickness.5.2.5 Liquid (if observed through window), state windowmaterial and path
26、length.5.2.6 Film drawdown, specify film thickness and back-ground.5.2.7 For gonioapparent materials, identify the direction ofillumination and viewing relative to the specimen.5.2.8 Conditioning, if any.NOTE 2When specimens are measured behind glass or other material,specify thickness and material
27、type. In addition, specify the method usedfor data correction.6. Identification of Instrument6.1 Sufficient description of the instrumentation shall beprovided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to reproducethe measurement. The make and model number of the instru-ment used shall be reported.
28、6.2 For interlaboratory comparisons, long-term studies, andmeasurements used to document conformance to a colorspecification, the physical properties of the instrument shall beidentified by it, as follows:6.2.1 Mode of Measurementsuch as transmittance factor,reflectance factor, total radiance factor
29、, etc.6.2.2 Geometric Properties of Instrumentfor multi-anglespectrophotometers following Practice E2175 or for all othersfollowing Practice E1767 the influx geometry and eflux geom-etry including aperture angles and sizes.6.2.3 Specular Componentwhere hemispherical illumina-tion or view is employed
30、, or both, but the specular light isexcluded by means of a light trap, designate by the words“specular excluded.” If a light trap is used, details of its size,shape, and position should be given. Conversely, when thespecular component of light is included, specify “specularincluded.”6.2.4 Give apert
31、ure size and shape through which speci-mens are exposed for measurement and any glass or plasticintervening window(s). Also, note the area of specimen actu-ally illuminated or viewed.NOTE 3Measurements of some type of specimens (for example,pearlescent, metal flake or retroreflective materials) may
32、require differentand multiple geometries. In these cases, specify the details of all thegeometries used. See Practices E2175 and E2194.6.3 Spectral Properties of Instrument:4Available via the website of the CIE Central Bureau (www.cie.co.at).5Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DINDeutsches Institut f
33、ur Normunge.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http:/www.en.din.de.6The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis practice.E805 12a26.3.1 Identify spectral power distribution illuminating thespecimen and spectral response of receiver system. The
34、 spec-tral characteristics of the instrument will be affected by thespectral transmittance of filters or other wavelength selectivedevices in either the illuminating or viewing beams. Forphotoluminescent specimens, the spectral distribution shouldbe reported in terms of its conformance to a standard
35、 illuminantas outlined in CIE Publication 51 and Practice E991. Fornon-photoluminescent specimens, the spectral distribution il-luminating the specimen can be reported in terms of itsconformance to a standard illuminant or its correlated colortemperature.6.3.2 In the absence of a detailed spectral p
36、ower distributionas in 6.3.1, identify illumination with other terms that indicatethe general spectral content, for example: (1) CIE Source A(gas-filled tungsten lamp at 2856 K correlated color tempera-ture), (2) CIE Source C,(3) simulated daylight D65 (1),(4)simulated daylight D65 (1) with pulsed x
37、enon lamp with uvcontrol, (5) light emitting diodes (LEDs), etc.6.3.3 Identify the type and number of dispersive elementson the instrument. Indicate the spectral bandwidth of themonochromator or identify it as variable if it is and how themeasurement has been corrected for passband (see PracticeE272
38、9 or Practice E308 Tables 5 and 67. Identification of Standards Used7.1 Reference StandardThe reference white reflectancestandard should be the perfect reflecting diffuser. Practice E259describes the preparation of reference white reflectance stan-dards.7.2 Instrument StandardIdentify instrument wor
39、kingstandard used.7.3 Product StandardIdentify the product standard if usedin the measurements.Metadata for Color or Color Difference Measurement of SpecimensFIG. 1 Sample Report FormE805 12a38. Data8.1 Identify how many readings were made on each speci-men and standard to obtain the test result, in
40、dicate if thereadings are averaged, and indicate whether or not the speci-men was changed in position, rotated, or otherwise handledduring the measurement. See Practice E1345.8.2 It is important not to imply false precision or accuracy.Therefore, report all data with the appropriate number ofsignifi
41、cant figures.8.3 Some specimens (particularly textiles, pulp and paper)are sensitive to variations in temperature (thermochromism)and humidity (hygrochromism). In those cases, these condi-tions should be recorded.8.4 In addition, some colorants exhibit reversible colorchanges (photochromism) upon ex
42、posure to strong sources ofillumination. In those cases, when using instruments withdirect illumination by strong broad-band sources, the time ofexposure to the instruments measurement port shall be kept toa minimum, and time shall be recorded.9. Color Scales9.1 IlluminantFor non-photoluminescent sp
43、ecimens, theilluminant used in the computation of color coordinates fromspectral data may have a different spectral power distributionfrom that of the instrument source (see 6.2.4), the former beingnormally one of the CIE illuminants (A, C,orD65) identifiedin Table 1.1.1 of Ref (1) and in Practice E
44、308. In the case ofphotoluminescent specimens being measured on instrumentswith polychromatic illumination and a dispersing elementbetween the specimen and detector, the spectral distribution ofthe illuminant used for the computation of color coordinatesfrom spectral data shall be the same as that o
45、f the instrumentilluminator.9.2 Standard ObserverIdentify Standard Observer as CIE1931 (2) or CIE 1964 (10). (See Ref (2), Tables 2.1 and 2.2,respectively, and Practice E308 or E2153 for photoluminescentspecimens.)9.3 Identify the wavelength interval used for tristimulusintegration of spectral data
46、and the origin of the tristimulusweighting factors used (see Practice E308 or E2153 forphotoluminescent specimens).9.4 Color ScalesIdentify color scales as either:9.4.1 Trichromatic Color Scales including:9.4.1.1 Tristimulus Values (X, Y, Z). (Ref (1) and PracticeE308 or E2153 for photoluminescent s
47、pecimens.)9.4.1.2 Tristimulus Value Y and chromaticity coordinates xand y (Ref (1) and Practice E308.).9.4.1.3 Opponent-Color Scales. (Reference standard whitecolor remains at L = 100, a =0, b = 0, regardless of theilluminant, but color values for other specimens change withilluminant.)(a) CIE 1976
48、L*, a*, b* (CIELAB) (Ref (1), Practice E308and Practice D2244.).NOTE 4Other scales occasionally used are:(a) Hunter L8,a8,b8 scales for clear liquids and bare metals (2).(b) CIE 1976 L*, u*, v* (CIELUV) (1).(c) Munsell Color Notation by visual or instrumental means (PracticeD1535).(d) Hunter LH,aH,b
49、H(1958) (2) and Practice D2244.9.4.2 The following scales used exclusively for color dif-ference:9.4.2.1 CMC (Ref (3), and9.4.2.2 CIE94 (Ref (4).9.4.2.3 DIN99 (DIN 6176 and Practice D2244).9.4.2.4 CIEDE2000 (Ref (5) and Practice D2244).NOTE 5State the color difference equation used and all the values forall the variable parameters in the equation.9.4.3 One-dimensional Color Scales including:9.4.3.1 Gardner Color Scale (Test Method D6166).9.4.3.2 Platinum Cobalt Color Scale (Test Method D5386).NOTE 6Some one-dimensional color scales are calculated fr
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