1、Designation: E805 12a (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forIdentification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumentalmeasurement of color or
3、color difference for current commu-nication or for future reference. The practice is applicable toinstrumental measurements of materials where color is seen byreflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations ofone or more of these processes. The practice is recommendedfor documentation o
4、f methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumentalmeasure of color or color-difference involves documenting themetadata necessary for archiving and future use of the mea-surement data collected. The metadata can be divided in fivep
5、arts:1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the formof specimens actually measured,1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, includinginstrument geometrical and spectral conditions ofmeasurement,1.2.3 Standards used,1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and1.2.5 Color scales employed.1.3 T
6、his standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This
7、international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (T
8、BT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1535 Practice for
9、Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-ner Color Scale)D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using TristimulusColorimetryD6166
10、 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-lated Products (Instrumental Determination of GardnerColor)E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder WhiteReflectance Factor Tran
11、sfer Standards for Hemisphericaland Bi-Directional GeometriesE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE991 Practice for Color Measu
12、rement of Fluorescent Speci-mens Using the One-Monochromator MethodE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-ColorSpecimens by SpectrophotometryE1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by1This practice is
13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color andAppearance Analysis.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E805 12a. DOI:10
14、.1520/E0805-12AR17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendat
16、ions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability ofColor Measurement by Use of Multiple MeasurementsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-suremen
17、t by Tristimulus ColorimetryE1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-trophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45)GeometryE1708 Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color andAppearanc
18、e DataE1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observa-tion and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance ofMaterialsE2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of FluorescentObjects from Bispectral Photometric DataE2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Datafor Evaluation of Fluores
19、cent ColorE2175 Practice for Specifying the Geometry of MultiangleSpectrophotometersE2194 Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement ofMetal Flake Pigmented MaterialsE2729 Practice for Rectification of SpectrophotometricBandpass Differences2.2 Other Standard Documents:CIE Publication 51 A Method f
20、or Assessing the Quality ofDaylight Simulators for Colorimetry3DIN 6176 Farbmetrische, Bestimmung von Farbabstndebie Krperfarben nach der DIN99Formel43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 are applicableto this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 metad
21、ata, nstructered information that describes,explains, locates, and otherwise makes it easier to retrieve anduse an information resource (1).5NOTE 1In the case of color and color difference measurements, thedata about the instrument, the measurement procedure, the treatment ofthe specimen, identifica
22、tion of color scale and the calculations are to beincluded in the metadata.4. Significance and Use4.1 The options available in methods for the measurementof color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in:(1) specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties ofinstruments, (3) calibratio
23、n bases for standards used, (4)procedure for sample handling including conditioning, (5)procedure for taking data, and (6) equations for convertinginstrumental data to final results. Once the measurements havebeen made, it is essential to document what has been done forthe purpose of interlaboratory
24、 comparisons, or for future use.Asample form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifyinginformation applicable to any instrumental method of color orcolor-difference measurement.4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345,E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386,D6166, E1247,
25、E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specificdetails of measurements.5. Identification of Samples and Specimens5.1 Identification of Samples and Specimens:5.1.1 Identify samples by material and form, together withmarkings or document identification.5.1.2 Mark each specimen with a serial number or let
26、ter, andother identifying markings.5.2 Description of SpecimensFor specific forms ofspecimens, additional identification shall be included:5.2.1 Solid sheet or web, specify thickness and backingmaterial.5.2.2 Powder or granular substance (packed or poured); ifplaced behind window, state material and
27、 thickness.5.2.3 Fiber or yarn, describe form, type of transparentspecimen window (if used), pressure on backing plate.5.2.4 Paste (if placed behind window), state material andthickness.5.2.5 Liquid (if observed through window), state windowmaterial and path length.5.2.6 Film drawdown, specify film
28、thickness and back-ground.5.2.7 For gonioapparent materials, identify the direction ofillumination and viewing relative to the specimen.5.2.8 Conditioning, if any.NOTE 2When specimens are measured behind glass or other material,specify thickness and material type. In addition, specify the method use
29、dfor data correction.6. Identification of Instrument6.1 Sufficient description of the instrumentation shall beprovided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to reproducethe measurement. The make and model number of the instru-ment used shall be reported.6.2 For interlaboratory comparisons, long
30、-term studies, andmeasurements used to document conformance to a colorspecification, the physical properties of the instrument shall beidentified by it, as follows:6.2.1 Mode of Measurementsuch as transmittance factor,reflectance factor, total radiance factor, etc.6.2.2 Geometric Properties of Instr
31、umentfor multi-anglespectrophotometers following Practice E2175 or for all othersfollowing Practice E1767 the influx geometry and eflux geom-etry including aperture angles and sizes.6.2.3 Specular Componentwhere hemispherical illumina-tion or view is employed, or both, but the specular light isexclu
32、ded by means of a light trap, designate by the words“specular excluded.” If a light trap is used, details of its size,shape, and position should be given. Conversely, when thespecular component of light is included, specify “specularincluded.”3Available from CIE (International Commission on Illumina
33、tion), http:/www.cie.co.at or http:/www.techstreet.4Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DINDeutsches Institut fur Normunge.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http:/www.en.din.de.5The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis practice.E805 12a (201
34、7)26.2.4 Give aperture size and shape through which speci-mens are exposed for measurement and any glass or plasticintervening window(s). Also, note the area of specimen actu-ally illuminated or viewed.NOTE 3Measurements of some type of specimens (for example,pearlescent, metal flake or retroreflect
35、ive materials) may require differentand multiple geometries. In these cases, specify the details of all thegeometries used. See Practices E2175 and E2194.6.3 Spectral Properties of Instrument:6.3.1 Identify spectral power distribution illuminating thespecimen and spectral response of receiver system
36、. The spec-tral characteristics of the instrument will be affected by thespectral transmittance of filters or other wavelength selectivedevices in either the illuminating or viewing beams. Forphotoluminescent specimens, the spectral distribution shouldbe reported in terms of its conformance to a sta
37、ndard illuminantas outlined in CIE Publication 51 and Practice E991. Fornon-photoluminescent specimens, the spectral distribution il-luminating the specimen can be reported in terms of itsconformance to a standard illuminant or its correlated colortemperature.6.3.2 In the absence of a detailed spect
38、ral power distributionas in 6.3.1, identify illumination with other terms that indicatethe general spectral content, for example: (1) CIE Source A(gas-filled tungsten lamp at 2856 K correlated colortemperature), (2) CIE Source C,(3) simulated daylight D65(2),(4) simulated daylight D65(2) with pulsed
39、 xenon lamp with uvcontrol, (5) light emitting diodes (LEDs), etc.6.3.3 Identify the type and number of dispersive elementson the instrument. Indicate the spectral bandwidth of theMetadata for Color or Color Difference Measurement of SpecimensFIG. 1 Sample Report FormE805 12a (2017)3monochromator or
40、 identify it as variable if it is and how themeasurement has been corrected for passband (see PracticeE2729 or Practice E308 Tables 5 and 67. Identification of Standards Used7.1 Reference StandardThe reference white reflectancestandard should be the perfect reflecting diffuser. Practice E259describe
41、s the preparation of reference white reflectance stan-dards.7.2 Instrument StandardIdentify instrument working stan-dard used.7.3 Product StandardIdentify the product standard if usedin the measurements.8. Data8.1 Identify how many readings were made on each speci-men and standard to obtain the test
42、 result, indicate if thereadings are averaged, and indicate whether or not the speci-men was changed in position, rotated, or otherwise handledduring the measurement. See Practice E1345.8.2 It is important not to imply false precision or accuracy.Therefore, report all data with the appropriate numbe
43、r ofsignificant figures.8.3 Some specimens (particularly textiles, pulp and paper)are sensitive to variations in temperature (thermochromism)and humidity (hygrochromism). In those cases, these condi-tions should be recorded.8.4 In addition, some colorants exhibit reversible colorchanges (photochromi
44、sm) upon exposure to strong sources ofillumination. In those cases, when using instruments withdirect illumination by strong broad-band sources, the time ofexposure to the instruments measurement port shall be kept toa minimum, and time shall be recorded.9. Color Scales9.1 IlluminantFor non-photolum
45、inescent specimens, theilluminant used in the computation of color coordinates fromspectral data may have a different spectral power distributionfrom that of the instrument source (see 6.2.4), the former beingnormally one of the CIE illuminants (A, C,orD65) identifiedin Table 1.1.1 of Ref (2) and in
46、 Practice E308. In the case ofphotoluminescent specimens being measured on instrumentswith polychromatic illumination and a dispersing elementbetween the specimen and detector, the spectral distribution ofthe illuminant used for the computation of color coordinatesfrom spectral data shall be the sam
47、e as that of the instrumentilluminator.9.2 Standard ObserverIdentify Standard Observer as CIE1931 (2) or CIE 1964 (10). (See Ref (3), Tables 2.1 and 2.2,respectively, and Practice E308 or E2153 for photoluminescentspecimens.)9.3 Identify the wavelength interval used for tristimulusintegration of spe
48、ctral data and the origin of the tristimulusweighting factors used (see Practice E308 or E2153 forphotoluminescent specimens).9.4 Color ScalesIdentify color scales as either:9.4.1 Trichromatic Color Scales including:9.4.1.1 Tristimulus Values (X, Y, Z). (Ref (2) and PracticeE308 or E2153 for photolu
49、minescent specimens.)9.4.1.2 Tristimulus Value Y and chromaticity coordinates xand y (Ref (2) and Practice E308.).9.4.1.3 Opponent-Color Scales. (Reference standard whitecolor remains at L = 100, a =0, b = 0, regardless of theilluminant, but color values for other specimens change withilluminant.)(a) CIE 1976 L*, a*, b* (CIELAB) (Ref (2), Practice E308and Practice D2244.).NOTE 4Other scales occasionally used are:(a) Hunter L, a, b scales for clear liquids and bare metals (3).(b) CIE 1976 L*, u*, v* (CIELUV) (2).(c) Munsell Color Notation by visual o
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